Vol 22, No 3.2 (2016)
- Year: 2016
- Articles: 56
- URL: https://journals.ssau.ru/hpp/issue/view/209
Full Issue
DYNAMICS OF THE PROCESSES IN CONTEMPORARY RUSSIAN SPEECH
Abstract
The article identifies the increase in the speed of speech changes
in the XXI century due to the influence of divergent trends and
investigates the role of the media and the Internet in these processes.
The paper explores the role of information accuracy trend and the
tendency of effortless speech which is the sign of XXI century.
The profound influence of media and Internet communication on
people makes linguists concerned for the destiny of the Russian
language. The paper reveals the diffusion of word meanings; the
result is the impoverishment of the lexical system and multiple
uncertainty messages in the media aimed to avoid prosecution.
The article describes the results of long-term monitoring of several
major newspapers and news broadcasts and different channels and
radio stations. Thus, the author assesses the ratio of literal and
non-literal usage of some words (нелицеприятный – неприят-
ный, довольно – достаточно) as an intensifier, and words like
сходный – похожий – подобный – схожий and so on.
DYNAMICS OF STRUCTURAL AND SEMANTIC MODELS OF DERIVATIVES AND ITS COMMUNICATIVE AND COGNITIVE BASIS (ON THE MATERIAL OF SECONDARY DIMINUTIVES MODELS)
Abstract
The author proves, on the example of secondary diminutives
derivation models historical development, the thesis that structural
and semantic dynamics of word-formative patterns provides valuable
information about the development of both language and thought.
The changes can apply to each component of word-formation
semantic and structural model: motivational base of a given group
of derivatives, their word-formative means, word-formation meaning
of the resulted word-formation units. The article deals with historical
dynamics at the level of each of the mentioned components in
secondary diminutives formation models. It also provides cognitive
interpretation of the given structural and semantic changes.
WORD-COMBINATION AS AN INTERFACE OF SPEECH SPHERES OF AUTHOR AND CHARACTER IN THE MICROEPISODE OF ARTISTIC DISCOURSE
Abstract
The article is devoted to the functional and discursive analysis
of word-combination. In the article it is shown that wordcombination
can be an interface structure, in which the speech
spheres of author and character are integrated.
COGNITIVE APPROACH IN THE STUDIES OF ORAL NARRATIVE IN ONTOGENESIS
Abstract
The article is devoted to the elaboration of the problem of oral
narrative in ontogenesis which has already been singled out by the
foreign linguists as a separate area of speech development. On the
basis of analysis of works by foreign researchers carried out within
the cognitive approach of modern science and the obtained facts
pointing to the importance of the child’s mastering of mental
component of activity situation «goal – action – outcome», as
well as the conceptual representation of oral history as a specific
form of discourse, the researcher offers a hypothesis about a
psycholinguistic mechanism of development of oral narrative in
ontogenesis.
Key words: storytelling, story concept, goal-based stories, mental
component of activity situation «goal – action – outcome»,
attainment of the goal
DYNAMIC PROCESSES IN THE STRUCTURE OF BIBLICAL CONCEPTS: BURNING BUSH
Abstract
The article considers the questions connected with the Bible
text as a precedential phenomenon for Russian literature and
culture. The Old Testament situation of Burning Bush and the
concepts formed on its base are in the center of author’s attention.
The evolution of concept meanings was studied with the help
of the method of comparison of cognitive matrix of the Bible text
and novels written in different time.
As a result of the carried out analysis it is stated that under
considerable deformations in the structure of cognitive matrix of
the Bible text in the process of realization of its precedential
potential both conceptional link with the original Bible text and
universal multicultural nature of key concepts “Burning Bush”,
“God”, “Light” are marked. The conclusion is made that their
further semantic evolution in language and lingual culture is
considered to be promising.
DYNAMICS OF THE SOUTHERN RUSSIAN DIALECT SYSTEM IN THE TERRITORY OF THE SARATOV REGION
Abstract
The article examines the current state of South-Russian dialect of
the Saratov Region, analyses its phonetic and grammatical dialectical
peculiarities. Recordings of dialectal speech made in 2015 and in 1990
in one of the villages of the Saratov Region, as well as data of the
“Atlas of the Russian dialects of the Middle and Lower Volga Region”
by L.I. Barannikova are compared. Comparison of the materials obtained
at different times from informants of different age and level of education,
gives the opportunity to detect in the development of the dialect under
consideration the action of several trends common to modern dialects.
Among them, the simplification of the system of pretonic vocalism,
variation of morphological forms, the sustainability of grammatical
peculiarities of wide distribution, gradual loss of dialect vocabulary.
SOME FEATURES ОF NEOLOGIZATION IN RUSSIAN LANGUAGE AT THE MODERN STAGE OF DEVELOPMENT
Abstract
The article focuses on the new Russian vocabulary of the current
decade. Based on the analysis of data from the card file of new
words (Institute for Linguistic Studies, Russian Academy of
Sciences) the main trends in its development are noted: the
implementation of the word-formation means as the main source
of renewal and replenishment of the Russian dictionary, the
prevalence of different types of addition and the development of
analytical forms and models, expansion in the print media of new
words written in Latin letters and the activation of the verbal
derivation. As illustrative material the lexical items of different
types are presented, including the new socio-political vocabulary
as well as a set of neologisms related to the selfie-phenomenon.
METONYMY AND COGNITIVE METAPHOR AS THE RESULTS OF REALIZATION OF THE CONCEPT-SCENARIO IN SPEECH (ON THE EXAMPLE OF THE SCENARIO OF UNDERSTANDING)
Abstract
In the article the role of the type of concept in the formation of
cognitive metaphor and metonymy is viewed. The subject of the
research is the mechanism of formation of cognitive metaphor and
lexical metonymy on the basis of the concept-scenario and parallelism
of their origin and usage in speech at reflection of one and the same
situation of reality, in this particular case at nomination and
metaphorical conceptualization of the situation of understanding as a
mental act. The genesis of metaphor and metonymy is connected
with the reduction of verbal or syntactical network at the representation
of the process of understanding in speech. The dependence of cognitive
metaphor of the scenario type and script metonymy on the structure
of the scenario as the type of the concept against the background of
other ways of implementation of the concept of script type is shown.
DYNAMICS OF THE SEMANTIC FIELD OF THE WORD «ВЗЯТКА» (BRIBE) IN THE RUSSIAN LANGUAGE
Abstract
The article discusses meanings of the words related to the semantic
field of ‘bribery’, which is now growing in the Russian language.
Drawing from various lexicographical sources, the author focuses on
lexical and phraseological units denoting such social vice as bribery. It
is shown how the word family with the common root “взятк-” is
expanding; how the meanings of the lexical units in this field are
transformed; and how this semantic field functions in the legal discourse.
Comparative analysis of the colloquial usage of these words and their
usage as terms in professional discourse reveals significant differences
in the meanings of certain units. The author used the Russian National
Corpus to analyze the collocations of the word «взятка» and to
reconstruct the perception of this phenomenon in Russian society.
Special attention is paid to the system of euphemistic nominations
performing various pragmatic functions: euphemisms conceal the real
nature ofsuch actions; change the negative evaluation of this phenomenon
into positive; and reduce the communicative discomfort. The article
describes how condemnation of bribery is replaced by a more ambivalent
attitude in contemporary publicistic writings.
ON THE ORIGIN OF PHRASEOLOGISM SISKIN ATE AND ITS FUNCTIONING IN MODERN INTERNET SPACE
Abstract
The origin of the Russian phraseologism «siskin ate» is about
who has made minimal, negligible results, initially relying on a
much larger, is considered in the article as a result of semantic
and verbal “condensation” of the author’s text, containing a real
linguistic and ethno-cultural prerequisites for the formation and
further functioning of sustainable phrases. The simulated character
of the considered phraseologism, its compliance with one of the
productive diversion laws specific to a live conversation is noted.
Peculiarities of the use of a phraseologism siskin ate in a variety of
journalistic texts, its considerable expressive potential, contributing
to the portrayal of negatively comprehending situations are revealed.
ON THE ISSUE OF TRANSLATION OF MONGOLIAN REALIAS IN THE RUSSIAN LANGUAGE
Abstract
The author of the article considers that in the translation of the novel of Mongolian writer Ch. Lodoidamba «Transparent Tamir» traditional Mongolian notation of time on day is transferred inexact. This notation of time connected with a traditional way of life of Mongols is transferred on Russian by different ways of expression of time: on an arrangement of the sun in a firmament, by means of approximate time, by means of modern time
reckoning. Some discrepancies of translation of time notation has
affected translation quality.
THE PREFIX PRO- IN THE OLD-RUSSIAN TEXT OF ZADONSHCHINA
Abstract
In this article it is analysed the correlations between the category of verbal aspect and the semantic charge of the Old-Russian prefix
pro- inside the text of Zadonshchina. In spite of the fact that this
text is deprived of its original, from its Kirillo-Belozerskii and Undolskii copies, which reveal to be its sole exemplar in the short redaction and its best exemplar in the long redaction , we can get an idea of its proto-text.
On the base of the scientific literature, for the prefixed verbs with pro- of the Zadonshchina, once their prefixal semantic charge is determined (only-spatial, spatial-resultative, temporal-resultative, only-resultative), their possible aspectual pairs are searched for. To find them: the formal means, by which to realize the pairs, and their first chronological attestations, are established thanks to the dictionaries of Old-Russian, whereas their functional content is predetermined by the derivative relation between the Aktionsarten classes of their members. It will be shown tendencies in the formation of different aspectual pairs from different types of prefixal semantic charge.
PICTURESQUE WORD’S SENSE-GENERATION: TEXT AND THE DISCURCIVE CONTEXT
Abstract
The article considers pragmatic and ethnocultural connotations of signs of indirect nomination. The main idea of the article is that fictional discourse allows each nominal unit to realize its implicational relations and actualize discursive, cognitive, situational and sound associations in ethnolinguistic mentality. The author’s conception is focused on researching how are the senses of the linguistic signs generating, taking into account their basic relationships: syntactics (discoursal context), semantics (the evaluativity and the picturesque of the linguistic unit), pragmatics (author’s creative task and the way it becomes actualized in author’s metaphorical patterns). Each
aspect possesses a particular subject of research.
SEMIOTIC GRADUALITY OF FIGURATIVE-METAPHORICAL CONSTRUCTIONS IN RUSSIAN POETIC TEXTS
Abstract
The different types of imagery and metaphorical constructions, characteristic of Russian poetry of XX–XXI centuries, reflecting the gradual nature of metaphors as linguistic and semiotic mechanism underlying the modeling of the poetic picture of the world, are analyzed in the article. To solve this problem we use the method of transformation of the sentenses from the position of its syntactic derivation (according to LN. Murzin and T.V. Simashko). Cases of match / mismatch of introductive and basic structures of statements when creating a metaphorical image are analyzed in the article. As a result such types of imagery and metaphorical constructions, as semiotically “weak” and “strong” metaphors, and a range of structures, occupying an intermediate position between them, presents by examples of quantitative and qualitative asymmetry introductive and basic structures of the resulting verbal image are identified and interpreted in the article.
ABOUT THE PROJECT OF EXPLANATORY-ASPECTUAL DICTIONARY OF RUSSIAN VERBS
Abstract
The article states the idea of establishing an explanatory aspect dictionary of Russian verbs, a dictionary of a new type for Russian lexicography. The paper also contains principles of realisation of the introduced idea elaborated on the base of the two-component semantic model of the verb aspect and on the experience of aspect description of more than 200 verbs in the perfective aspect.
PRINCIPLE OF DYNAMIC DEVELOPMENT OF SPEECH ACTIVITY IN TEACHING OF RUSSIAN AS A FOREIGN LANGUAGE
Abstract
The article considers modern approaches to teaching Russian as a foreign language, it justified the principle of dynamic deployment of speech activity as a synthesis of the most productive approach – communicative and cognitive-activity. The principle of dynamic deployment of speech activity requires consistent expansion and complexity of educational material. Progress in language acquisition is achieved by multiple repetition, build speech models, enhancements, enrichment, deployment dialogic situations. The content of the main progress in the teaching of RCTs: phonetic-orthoepic, lexical and grammatical, as well as the progression of oral and written statements.
«COMPREHENSION FIELD» STRUCTURE IN REFLECTIVE COMMUNICATION
Abstract
The article deals with the description of linguistic means creating «comprehension field» in reflective communication. The author
focuses on revealing and describing complex ways used to represent modus meanings in discourså, which reflect the communication participants’ intentions.
ASSOCIATIVE-SEMANTIC GROUP: TO THE QUESTION OF THE DEFINITION OF THE PARADIGM
Abstract
The article is dedicated to the analysis of the research in the field of lexical-semantic paradigmatic. Paradigmatic relations (homonyms, synonyms, antonyms, hyper-hyponymy, meronymy, etc.) are considered to be as relationship built on semantic associations. The typology of given associations is defined, their role in the formation of lexical paradigms, as well as in the formation of figurative word meaning is revealed. Particular attention is paid to the associative-semantic group: the possibility of the
existence of such a paradigm, the principle of its formation is described, various approaches to its definition are examined. Further research in this area will contribute to profound understanding of the principles of formation of lexical-semantic paradigms, as well as to the mechanism of interaction among the units of lexical system.
DYNAMIC PROCESSES IN URBANONYMIC NOMINATION (WITH REFERENCE TO NAMES OF RESIDENTIAL COMPLEXES)
Abstract
The article considers the origin of names for residential complexes in Russian onomastic space. The author treats this type of proper names as a variation of urbanonyms – oikodomonyms (names of buildings). The names of residential complexes have not only an address function but also an advertising one thus occupying an intermediate position between classical urbanonyms and advertising names. The author notes that residential complexes acquire names as a result of artificial nomination reflecting the taste of the nominators and not limited by any legal rules. The author analyses the structure of the names dividing them into two parts: urbanonymic term and onymic part. It is noted in the article that the two urbanonymic terms prevailing in Russian cities are residential complex and residential district. The author indicates 3 main principles in naming residential complexes: location of the object, features of exterior appearance, prestigiousness of the object. The necessity of designing general principles for naming residential complexes and the expertise of the names is mentioned in the article.
DERIVATIONAL AND LEXICAL-SEMANTIC POTENTIAL OF ADJECTIVES, DESIGNATING THE BASIC COLORS
Abstract
The article presents a fragment of the preliminary conclusions obtained from the analysis of words belonging to one lexico-semantic field with respect to their derivational possibilities and lexico-semantic potential. It is revealed that jacks the color adjectives have a different composition of the derivatives: 8 (orange) to 145 (red). Found that the most productive ways in education, derived in the nests of colour adjectives are suffixation, the addition of fusion; the value (color value) is dominant in the breeding of derived adjectives. The article noted that the set of derivatives according to their part-of-speech affiliation may be different, but has similar model of the formation of words of a particular part of speech; word-formation models, the choice of derivational formants depend on the accessories words
lexical-semantic level.
FUTURE I: PERCULIARITIES OF SEMANTICS AND THE USAGE DYNAMIC
Abstract
In the article one of the most discussable forms of the German tense system is analyzed – the form of future I. Peculiarities of its usage are characterized, its semantic status is determined. Future I is considered to be a form, which main task is to express the future meaning. Side by side with the expression of future semantics modal meanings (volitive and epistemic) reveal themselves. When the speaker means by the expression of future meaning definite source of information, future I form has also evidential meaning. Last decades the part of future I forms in direct speech comes down. In cooperation with other factors this can promote the rising of subjectivity level of utterance with future I forms, for example emphasizing the importance of coming acts or events, accentuating on speaking person.
TYPES OF LEXICAL DIALECT PARALLELS AS A CHARACTERISTIC OF THE THEMATIC GROUP OF «FOOD» IN SAMARA DIALECTS
Abstract
The article is dedicated to the system description of the thematic group of “Food” in the Russian folk dialects of the Samara Region. The lexical data, which was collected during the dialectological expeditions and supplement with the data presented in the dialectological atlas of the Middle and South Volga Region is used. The typology of dialect correspondences is defined. A number of dialect variants that are lacking common Russian is established. The prevalence of names denoting hot meals and food made of baked pastry is revealed. The investigation comes to conclusion that the denominations of food enlarge the conception about the typology of Samara dialects and have a diagnostic potential, which could be used in a complex characterization of late-formed dialects alongside with phonetic and grammatical facts.
WHAT YOU EVER READ? AUTOMATED COMPARISON OF PUBLISHING VARIATIONS IN A CONTEMPORARY LANGUAGE ROMAN TEXT
Abstract
This article describes a project comparing 11 editions of Thomas Mann’s novel “The Magic Mountain” (1924). The aim hereby is to develop computer-based tools that enable automated text-processing with only a small amount of additional manual work. After scanning a few chapters of the novel the pictures are converted into text-files. The texts are dehyphenated, OCR-errors are corrected automatically.
By way of comparison all differences between them are revealed, i.e. punctuation, spelling and lexical modifications. The text of the first edition from 1924 and the variants found in all other editions are combined to a new critical edition.
WAYS OF DECODING SEMANTICS OF NEW ANGLICISMS AND AMERICANISMS IN THE MASS MEDIA
Abstract
Active usage of new loanwords from British and American English in German and Russian mass media reflects the process of globalization and intellectualization of language, but at the same time it complicates perception and understanding of the text by the reader. Decoding new knowledge embodied in the semantics of neologisms becomes possible due to different methods that are used by the authors in order to interpret new words. This article illustrates the ways to decode the semantics of new loanwords in context by using different means – graphic, lexical, syntactical etc.
TEXT AND PHILOLOGICAL TRAINING OF PRIMARY SCHOOL PUPILS IN THE REPUBLIC OF BELARUS
Abstract
This article examines place and role which text takes in the philological
education of primary school pupils in the Republic of Belarus. The author formulates basic requirements to the text as an upbringing tool. Text as an educational component is supposed to be didactically valuable and to be a model of right and literate speech of high level of culture as well. Also text should correspond with a contemporary representation of the world and have an upbringing potential. According to practice, the including texts which meet all these requirements into educational process is the only thing that is true and efficient.
MILITARY PHRASEBOOK FOR WEHRMACHT SOLDIERS: DYNAMICS OF TEXT TYPE
Abstract
The article discusses the features and content of the lexical composition of the popular German-Russian phrasebook (edited by F. Sulzberger in the period of the First World War) reissued in 1938 for the needs of the army of the Third Reich. The military Phrasebook of Sulzberger (sample in 1938) is considered as a coherent text in conjunction with the material, ideological life, ethnic and socio-cultural, psychological factors. It is a special pragmatically oriented text in the event-specific aspect of the military situation and militarist doctrine of the German Wehrmacht on the eve of the Second World War. The military phrase book as a kind of active type (genre) of transferable ideographic (thematic) dictionary with a predominant function of translation is focused on communication user’s interests to ensure a minimum of communication in certain situations.
DYNAMIC ASPECT OF THE CONCEPT «CIRCLE»: EXPERIENCE OF STRUCTURING BASED ON THE IMAGE-SCHEMA
Abstract
The article is devoted to the modeling of semantic structure of the concept “circle” in the dynamic aspect. The analysis of metaphors embodying an image of a movement in a circle has shown variety of the embodied meanings, diverse, and often opposite which are
difficult for uniting in the general structure. In the article the original
way of forming meaning system of a geometrical concept “circle”, based on the image-scheme – a concept, which generalizes information on reality in the form of elementary image representing the schematic generalized sensual representation of this fragment of reality is suggested. Metaphorical meanings are related to reflecting different aspects of prototypical action – a movement in a circle.
MANIFESTATION OF PARCELING IN ESSAY TEXTS
Abstract
The syntactical phenomenon called parceling is examined in the article. It is shown that parceling arises up as a display of the spoken language. One of the substantial distinctive signs of syntax of the spoken language is planning, naturalness, linear development and spontaneity of speech is maintenance of the «unstipulated» changes. Parceling comes forward as speech unit. Parceling units give texts of essay the special beauty, mark the row of the additional reasoning, suddenly arising up in text opinion, form twodimensional or multidimensional syntactical constructions. A main
idea is concentrated in the basic text; additional information is reflected in parcels, that continue a main idea. Main phrase assumes auto-semantic character and connection assumes sin-semantic point due to semantic relations. In comparison with the first one, second has higher intensity.
DISCURSIVE MARKERS OF GLOBALIZATION IN THE CONTEXT OF CROSS-CULTURAL COMMUNICATION
Abstract
The present paper is aimed at considering the leading cross-cultural communication experts’ points of view on the role and status of Modern Business English within the intercultural business space. The description is supported by systemic arrangement of linguistic illustrations based on the annual ‘business buzzwords lists’. The discursive markers of globalization discovered in the process of analysis reflect the priorities within the modern English business communication space.
MEANS OF AIMING RUSSIAN CONFECTIONERY TRADEMARKS AT THEIR TARGET AUDIENCES
Abstract
The paper focuses on Russian confectionery trademarks as commercial information carriers. These advertising names pose as micro texts created in accordance with advertising strategies of a certain type. Different types of rationalistic strategies (generic strategies, competitive advantage strategies, positioning strategy) are actualized in this nomination field. It is in accordance with these strategies that the taste of the product or targeting a certain segment of the target audience is characterized. Projection strategies employing emotional stimuli and value orientations (‘resonance’ strategy, affective strategy and the strategy of brand name internal dramatics) are actively implemented.
NEW TRENDS IN THE FUNCTIONING OF THE BORROWED ANALYTICAL ADJECTIVES IN THE RUSSIAN LANGUAGE OF THE TURN OF XX—XXI CENTURIES (BASED ON THE OCCURRENCES OF THE ADJECTIVE MEDIA-)
Abstract
The article presents the analysis of new trends in the use of the borrowed analytical adjective media. Contexts of the late 1990-ies — early 2000-ies demonstrate its new features, namely the ability for stand-alone use that allows to speak about changes in the status of this element in the modern Russian language. The fact of the use of the item of media as independent lexemes demonstrate the steady movement from a group of morphemes that have an intermediate position between affixes and roots, to the group of roots. At the same time derivational activity of the item of media continues to remain high for the last 25 years, that record not only dictionaries of neologisms, but legal dictionaries as well. Derivatives with this root, are commonly used in the Russian language and have a variety of different values.
INTERNET-DISCOURSE: TYPES OF TEXT IN THE HOUSEKEEPING DISCOURCE
Abstract
The paper deals with the analysis of two types of text – instructions and comments – in the housekeeping internet-discourse. In general, the instruction keeps its typical structure and language form in the Internet communication, but acquires personal connotation. In comments to the Internet instructions emotional information prevails over cognitive one. Comments, which, in fact, are questions or suggestions, basically keep their pragmatic meaning. The author comes to the conclusion that differences of these types of text in the internet-discourse with their written variants are conditioned by the attempt of their authors to join in and become part of the community of those who write texts as well as those who read them.
FIGURATIVE CONCEPTUALIZATION OF VOCALIZATION IN THE REFLECTION OF SPEECH SITUATION
Abstract
The article presents an analysis of figurative interpretation of phonation – communicatively meaningful element of speech situation associated with its central component (subject of speech). In the representation of voice the interaction of metaphorical and metonymic models, manifested in regular metonymic replacement of names of speaking subject nominations related to the voice is traced; conditioning of metaphorical model of «living being» metonymic logic conceptualization denotation is confirmed. In the interpretation of the speaking subject, this model has great potential – any characteristic of a specific subject, which somehow embodied through speech can be transmitted by voice nominations.
FROM MEANING TO SENSE
Abstract
The article discusses the sense of a literary text as the total result of understanding by the reader of the continuum of the speech stream, in which the author’s intent (sense) is formalized through before-language (pre-language) meanings accumulated in the language values of different levels, in the symbols, as well as associations, potentiated by the flow of speech. The author operates with the concepts «elementary sense» as the minimal unit of sense, and «stream of senses» as a construct built from a homogeneous elementary senses. Elementary senses were seen from the point of view of linguistic and extra-linguistic sources, patterns of extraction (generation), functionality and range; for example, one line demonstrates an inseparable semantic unity of
the speech continuum, the interaction of conscious and unconscious
recipients of sources and models of sense. Verification tool of elementary sense in a literary text is it’s correlation with other senses in the structure of the sense streams (paradigms), united with coreference or conceptual homogeneity.
STEREOTYPE «DER HÄSSLICHE SCHWABE» IN GERMAN MASS-MEDIA DISCOURCE
Abstract
The paper deals with the problems of ethnic stereotypes and their usage in the mass media discourse. In cognitive ethnolinguistics, stereotypes are considered to be the constituents of linguistic and cultural representations of the world. The paper focuses on main hetero-and auto stereotypes of Swabians, an ethnic German people. Swabians are now in the focus of media discourse in Germany, this is due to the growth of cross-cultural tensions in certain regions of the country, especially in Berlin. Notwithstanding mostly economic causes of tension, this social conflict is mistakenly interpreted as ethnic, this leads to the manifestation of xenophobia.
METONYMICAL NOMINATION OF THE SUBJECT IN COLLOQUIAL LANGUAGE
Abstract
In the article metonymical nominations of the subject in colloquial language are investigated. Cognitive, referential and pragmatic factors determining the specificity of profiling of significant component of situation are considered. It is established that profiling of the place or object of action is caused by requirement to characterize the person in functional and activity aspect. Profiling of process or state is connected with need of expression of a subjective-modal assessment. At the same time such parameters as definiteness / uncertainty and singularity / plurality of the referent have crucial importance.
EVALUATIVE ADVERBS AS MEANS OF EXPRESSION INTENSITY OF VARIOUS FEATURES
Abstract
The article discusses the aspects of interaction of categories of intensity and evaluation. Evaluative adverbs which are used in the context as various features intensifiers are analyzed. Mechanisms of formation of seme intensity in the structure of lexical meaning of adverbs are studied and the characteristics of their semantics are analyzed. The article reveals specificity of usage as intensifiers of generally evaluative adverbs and adverbs with the semantics of ethical evaluation, there are defined the regularity in lexical compatibility of considered adverbs. There is a trend towards loss of quality semantics for estimated adverbs.
RHETORICAL TRADITION IN RUSSIAN JOURNALISM OF THE XVIII CENTURY (ON THE BASIS OF N.MOTONIS’S ARTICLE IN THE JANUARY ISSUE OF «HARD-WORKING BEE» [1759])
Abstract
«Hard-working bee» was a unique for the XVIII century edition. The author of the «Reasoning…» about the virtues of author of stories was Nikolay Nikolaevich Motonis, companion-in-arms of A.P. Sumarokov, luminous rhetor, member of the Academy of sciences. The author develops rhetoric provisions of M.V. Lomonosov in poetological aspect: he studies how to write, and at the same time he gives an example of rhetoric composition. The communicative model by Motonis suggests an active reader, and the reading itself is viewed as as a complex activity by him. Creating intersection of discources of the author and the reader, Motonis actively uses technics developed by an ancient rhetoric and «rehabilitated» by the practice of writers-enlighteners of the XVIII century.
GEOCENTRISM OF A CONTEMPORARY DIALECT SPEAKER AND ITS REFLECTION IN THE ACTIVE TYPE DICTIONARY
Abstract
The article is devoted to an electronic active type dictionary representing the basic constants of traditional speech culture. The focus is on the research of derivational, motivational, syntagmatic, paradigmatic links of the entry word Zemlya (Earth, Ground, Soil), and on exposing the word sense actualized in dialect utterances as well as the meanings of the concept representatives in the dialect speech of the polyethnic region. In the new dictionary semantic-cognitive analysis, as it is shown in the article, precedes lexicographic description of the key words of traditional culture. The article demonstrates how traditional speech culture of the middle Irtysh region objectifies the semantics rooted in the etymology of the key word, and forms the principal meaning of the key word zemlya – ’soil’ in the language consciousness of the contemporary dialect speaker, featuring geocentristic views of the countryside dwellers, and the fundamental traits of folk mentality in general.
FUNCTIONS OF CONCESSIVE STATEMENTS IN A LITERARY TEXT: THEORETICAL AND METHODICAL ASPECTS
Abstract
The article is carried out in keeping with functionalism as one of methodological directions of modern text linguistic and methodical orientation of collaborative pedagogics. The content of the article is dedicated to the analysis of artificial functions of concessive
statements in the novel «War and Piece» by Leo Tolstoy which are considered in theoretical and methodical aspects. Concessional conjunctions are considered as one of decoding means for textual senses. The article is based on a presumption, that a subordinate
part of speech in a text of a craftsman of word can become an expressive artificial detail as one of modeling means, a materialization of an author’s idea and author’s relation expressivity and creating of reader’s impressions.
COGNITIVE DOMINANT COMPONENTS IN THE DISCOURSE
Abstract
The paper is devoted to the problem of interaction between the cognitive structures of discourses connected by means of a citation in the media text. Nowadays the issue of interaction of discourses is still
understudied. The analysis of citation and the receiving text, belonging
to different discourses suggests an address to the presentive and referential situations and their cognitive models, which reside in the memories of the speakers and to a great extent determine the semantics and pragmatics of interacting texts. The authors, in particular, refer to the issue of interaction between cognitive structures of discourses, the connection between which is established as a result of inclusion of a citation in the publicistic text. In such cases the cognitive models of situations rendered by a citation and a receiving text are compared. One of the components of a model is foregrounded and becomes dominant, thus influencing interpretation of the receiving text and situation rendered by it.
INDIVIDUAL NEOLOGISMS AS A MATERIAL OF THE SCHOOL TEXTBOOK OF THE RUSSIAN LANGUAGE
Abstract
The article is devoted to the use of individual word creation as didactic material that helps to comprehend some problems in wordformation.
It also highlights modern school textbooks of the Russian language from the perspective of the theoretical knowledge and practical tasks related to individual neology. School textbooks of the Russian language (10-11 classes) drawn up in accordance with the Federal State Educational Standards of the General Education are analyzed. In the article conclusions about availability of individual neology as material for word-formation study and its almost unclaimed didactic potential at the classes of Russian are made.
MOVIE AS LEARNING TOOL IN TEACHING COMMUNICATION AT THE UNIVERSITY LEVEL
Abstract
The article discusses the didactic potential of a cinema at the lessons of communication courses in higher school. Movie is used not as a learning tool for illustrative purpose, and also it is data for communicative analysis which can help students in understanding complicated phenomena of communication studies. The author presents a description of phase-by-phase work with film adaptations aimed at analyzing of different aspects of communicative interaction (verbal, non-verbal, paraverbal) and their interaction. The paper summarizes experiences of using three movies adaptations of a classic novel by I. Ilf and E. Petrov «The twelve chairs» at the lessons of the course “Introduction to the theory of communication”.
ONOMASIOLOGICAL STRATEGY IN COMMUNICATION AS A DYNAMIC PROCESS
Abstract
In the article the onomasiological strategy is offered as a methodological
basis for the presentation of the communicative function of language
from the perspective of the nominator – the initiator of the communication process, including for the training of language as a
means of communication. We show the stages of onomasiological process, followed by a nominator – sender of information from the source of epistemological process to the objective reality. Before projecting perceived fragments of reality into linguistic expression-nominator sender classifies perceived in relation to the means at its linguistic consciousness prototypes and conceptualizes them. In the projection on the linguistic expression, formed conceptual content of the sign becomes a signifier of linguistic expression. Finding of an adequate form of expression – language meaning – is made by the nominator based on the degree of proficiency with all the means of expression system.
FUNCTIONING OF TYPES OF FAMOUS PERSON’S NOMINATION IN THE PRINTED MASS MEDIA
Abstract
The article is devoted to the investigation of functioning of different types of nomination of famous people in the publicistic discourse. The nominations of famous people fixed in the modern press served as a material for the article. Issues of contextual variation of formal and informal names are touched upon, the regularities of their use in modern newspaper language are marked. Stylistic peculiarities of functioning of newspaper nominations are noted in the article. Specificity of usage of different nomination types in different communicative situations is identified. The successive using of two member nominations by name and surname in the official communication, the usage of unofficial nominations
by nicknames is noted.
MERONYMIC RELATIONSHIPS AS A MANIFESTATION OF SYSTEMATICITY OF LEXIS
Abstract
The article is devoted to the investigation of meronymic relations
in the language and also to the semantic classification of holonyms
and partonyms in language. The specificity of meronymic relationships
is in their semantic variety. Meronymic relationships are established
between entities of different types: biological and physical objects,
processes and actions, geographic regions, states and properties,
collections and groups, abstract entities, etc. In this regard, various
subtypes are distinguished in the semantic classification of holonyms
and partonyms, extra-linguistic and semantic features, which can be
the basis of this classification, are identified. Analysis of these features
allows to identify defined criteria for the differentiation of meronyms
as components of lexical-semantic system. The proposed classification
will expand notions of semantic nature of meronymy and can be the
basis for further study of the whole-part relations.
VOCABULARY WITH THE ETYMOLOGIC ROOT *SЬRD- INCLUDED IN THE MICROFIELD «INTERVAL» IN THE HISTORY OF THE RUSSIAN LANGUAGE
Abstract
The article describes the vocabulary with the etymological root *sürd-, which is part of the micro field «interval». The main meanings that are expressed as a single rooted tokens and composites in the history of the Russian language are identified. It is noted that some linguistic units found syncretic meanings and belong to multiple semantic micro fields, for example, «interval» and «center», «interval» and «mediation». In diachrony words that had meaning in their semantic invariant «interval», pointed out the sign of the average in size, characteristics, qualities; they called the object, which was located in the middle of something (country, countryside, rivers, etc.) or that was the average period of life, history,
development, etc.; denoted the average of any quantities.
SEMANTIC RELATIONS OF COGNATE LEXEMES IN A LITERARY TEXT (BASED ON THE POETRY OF B.A. AKHMADULINA)
Abstract
The article analyzes the semantic relations between words with repeated roots in the poetic texts of B.A. Akhmadulina. Such lexemes from the semantic point of view often are intermediate between synonyms and antonyms, at the same time sometimes being paronyms.
SEMANTIC STRUCTURE OF THE NEWEST LOANWORD FROM ENGLISH INDIE IN THE MODERN RUSSIAN DISCOURSE
Abstract
The article gives the model of the semantic structure of the newest loanword from English indie that was made by means of contextual
analysis. Research of the collected contexts allowed to determine scopes
of the most frequent use of the loanword indie. Matching the meanings
of the word indie in English dictionaries and the meanings of the loanword indie in the modern Russian discourse makes possible to mark modification of the meaning of the word indie. The study established that loanword indie is complicated in its semantic structure. Two new meanings of the loanword indie are formed in Russian — «the cinema genre» and «the genre of video games».
COMPOSITIONAL ELEMENTS OF THE PRESENTATION ARTICLE AND THEIR PRAGMALINGUISTIC FEATURES
Abstract
In this article we consider a presentation article as a new genre of PR-text. The focus is on the composition of the text of the designated genre. The main structural elements of the presentation articles and their pragmalinguistic features are identified and analyzed. The conclusions about the necessity of formation of each structural element depending on the target audience and in line with the overall goals and objectives of the text are made.
METAPHORICAL MODELING OF HUMAN PSYCHE BASED ON CONCEPTS OF OBJECT WEIGHT (BASED ON THE DISCOURSE OF SOCIAL PSYCHOLOGY)
Abstract
The article is dedicated to the specifics of functioning of conceptual metaphor in the discourse of social psychology. We understand conceptual metaphor as cognitive process involved in understanding and representation of new knowledge on the basis of something well-known. In this article we consider the metaphorical modeling of human psyche in the process of socialization, social and interpersonal interaction on the basis of
representation about the weight of the object. The results showed that the representation of different weight of the object is a form of linguistic expression of human’s attitude to the social phenomena of life. The process of reducing weight is a metaphor for the principles of psychological work with human emotions and ways of perception and cognitive information processing.
IMAGE OF PHYSICAL CONFRONTATION AS A WAY OF METHAPHORIC CONCEPTUALIZATION OF EMOTIONAL ATTITUDE AND ESTIMATION IN RUSSIAN DIALECTS
Abstract
The article aims to investigate the metaphoric modeling of the emotional attitude and estimation in dialect vocabulary denoting speech in Russian language. Lexical expressions are centered by metaphoric images, or concepts. The conceptual sphere, which is described in the article, is presented in a large variety of denominations, and most of them are connected with negative emotions of estimations, especially in a conflict situation. So the most part of metaphoric images is assigned to the expression of altercation and reproach. The image of physical confrontation distinguishes itself as the most fruitful and is estimated as wide-spread in dialect vocabulary.
LINGUISTIC TRANSFORMATIONS AS AN INDICATOR OF ADEQUACY OF PROFESSIONAL TRANSLATION AND SELF-TRANSLATION (ON THE EXAMPLE OF THE NOVEL «MINSK DIRECTION» BY I. MELEZH)
Abstract
The article deals with comparison of the original Belarusian-language novel of Ivan Melezh «Minsk direction», its authorized translation by L. Rakovsky and self-translation by the writer. Based on the analysis of over 300 linguistic transformations in both translations the author classifies them, distinguishing stylistic and lexical replacement, replacement of the grammatical form of the word and grammatical constructions, omission or addition of a lexeme, changes in the structure of sentences. The findings about the greater proximity of the original and authorized translation are the result of the research. The article substantiates the assumption that the writer turns to the self-translation because he wanted to improve both language versions of the novel.
CONNOTATIVE AND VALUE POTENTIAL OF COLOR NAMING IN THE PRAGMATIC ASPECT
Abstract
Color naming acts not only as an indicator of human physical abilities of a person (sensitivity of an eye to the waves of a particular character) or cognitive powers of a human mind (choice of the basic characteristics for the creation of the name of the colour); research of the process of color naming and color terms gives possibility to learn more about the system of values of the society and get cultural dominants in the language and in the society at this or that evolution stage of development of the language. Color terms could be arranged into some semantic groups and classified as ‘jewels’, ‘coloring materials’, ‘goods/materials’, ‘nature’, ‘health’, ‘foodstuff and spicery’, ‘social related/marked words’. Color terms (abstract and descriptive) originally were produced as words with great pragmatic potential. They are deeply connected with psychobiological and cultural stereotypes, that fact makes them an important component of advertising strategies and marketing policy.
DUALITY OF HEADINGS OF ARTICLES IN PERIODICALS (BASED ON GERMAN ECONOMIC PRESS)
Abstract
The present research deals with distinctive features of article headings in German economic press that indicate their duality. A heading can be a separate piece of literary work or an element of text. The process of heading’s interpretation is showed with the help of a feature heading. A heading contains both individual features of the journalist and some specific features of the style of a periodical and its conceptual ideas. The presence of headings in contemporary German-speaking economic discourse is optional. Some short newspaper articles with a common rubric are given as an example.
COGNITIVE ASPECTS OF SPEECH BEHAVIOR OF FEMALE CHARACTERS OF CONTEMPORARY BRITISH AND AMERICAN DRAMATIC DISCOURSE
Abstract
The article is aimed at describing and systematizing the main gender markers in contemporary British and American dramatic discourse female personages’ communication. Gender markers dynamics reveals tends and trends in the cognitive system of axiological paradigm of modern British and American dramatic discourse. Studies of verbal behavior of the person in the stream of anthropocentric paradigm allows linguists to study the processes occurring at the time of the voice phenomena, which reflects cultural, sexual, social and age factors. Any of these aspects affect the persons’ communication strategies that allow to explore the linguistic activity of the speaker in terms of linguistic and cultural, conceptual and gender approaches.