Vol 22, No 2 (2016)

The article of Yu.M. Guseinov is devoted to the policy of the Russian Empire in the Crimean region. In particular, the displacement of the policy of Turkey from the European area on the Caucasian bridgehead is shown. The author doesn’t ignore Ottoman-Crimean aggression from the northwest to Dagestan, which allowed to chop off the waves of Iranian and Turkish invasions from the South-East. Important intermediate bases of fight against Eastern conquerors were also Adygea, Circassia, Karachay, Balkaria, Ossetia, Chechnya and Ingushetia. In this regard it is appropriate to consider the campaign of the Ottoman Turkish troops in Kabarda and their defeat, which, of course, brought untold misery to local peoples, and was met with a decisive rebuff.
Significant place in the article is given to the Russian-Turkish relationships and the role and place of Crimea in it. As the Crimean region was at the investigated time, part of Turkey it once had been involved in all conflicts, where a party was Port.
Thus, international standing of the Crimea was motivated by the foreign policy of Turkey as the Crimea was under protectorate of the Ottoman Empire. Not infrequently the Crimean Ottomans made plundering inroads on neighbours, however the majority of them was not a success. One of the most unsuccessful campaigns of gereis was the campaign to Kabarda in 1708.

The main drink of the multinational population of the Southern Urals in the XIX century was the tea brought from China through Siberia. The main centers of the tea trade were first Menzelinsk, then Ufa, where large fairs were held. Tea was also sold on all smaller fairs of the Orenburg province. At the end of the XIX century increased the supply of tea from the seaports, but at the beginning of the XX century again dominated Chinese tea from Siberia. The turnover of the tea market in the Ufa province
accounted for millions of rubles. By the beginning of the XX century, there was a system of regional tea trade, in rural areas it is mainly combined the sale of tea with sugar. Ufa became one of the most important in the Russian center of wholesale tea trade. Here operated the largest tea trade firms of Vysotsky, Gribushina, “Caravan” and Kuznetsov, tea-packing factory was opened.
It is shown that by the beginning of the XX century among the multinational population of Southern Urals strong and mass culture of tea consumption was formed. The strength of this tradition even tried to use at struggle with excessive drinking by opening public tea houses all over the Ufa province.

The article is devoted to the «Process of SR Combat Organization» which was held since 18 up to 25 February, 1904 and which become a prominent event in the public life of Russia of the beginning of the XX century. For its progress the authorities including imperiality and Nikolai II himself, conservatives, liberals and revolutionaries followed with strained attention.
The article analyzes the behavior of the leaders and members of SR Combat Organization under investigation, during the trial and after the verdict. It is shown that to testify during interrogation refused the minority of the involved in the process of the terrorists, the majority, including G.A. Gershuni, and during the investigation and in court denied his involvement in the military organization; all the defendants refused the final word. Almost all prisoners on the process petitioned for a pardon as soon as the verdict was announced, as well  as serving their sentences. All this is largely not in line proclaimed by
the Code of Conduct of the revolutionary at court.

The activity of radiouniversity as an oral tool of antireligious propaganda was represented rather widely in soviet historiography, however due to ideological constraints of the latter, the objectivity of their interpretation has been questioned by contemporary scholars in consequence of which this theme get polemical character. Turn to micro-history caused special interest to the local aspect of the problem which had been predominantly ignored in the previous years. Ethno-religious peculiarities of TASSR, which differ it from the other regions of the Soviet state, singles out the regional radiounivesity against the general system of soviet antireligious propaganda in the 1930-ies. This article looks at the diversity of forms of antireligious propaganda implemented in the TASSR as well as the question about the role of radiouniversity in the above mentioned system is placed. Special attention is paid to the analysis of its efficiency among semi-literate local population. The author concludes that the religious consciousness of the believers was rather high as well as their ability to resist ideological pressure of the authorities.

The article is devoted to the main stages of scholarly career of the prominent Russian historian P.S. Kabytov, and to the key trends of his historical studies. The authors characterize the impact of Petr Kabytov’s works on studying the agrarian history of Russia since the midst of the 19th to the early 20th century. Petr Kabytov has been interested not only in social and economic relations in Russian country, but also in psychology and mentality of Russian peasants, and their attitude to the social changes after the abolition of serfdom. P.S. Kabytov is well-known as one of the founders and leaders of the community of Russian agrarian historians. The authors pay special attention to Petr Kabytov’s role in studying the history of the South-Eastern region of the European part of Russia, the Samara Region, and Russian historiography. They
underline the role of Petr Kabytov as the leader of Samara historical school which explores successfully the problems of Russian and regional history, historiography, and methodology of historical studies.

The article is devoted to the problem of identifying interrelation of reducing life satisfaction and development of hidden features that determine the success of the adaptation process of adults in terms of socioeconomic crisis.

The article comprises necessity of psychological and pedagogical preparing parents to the new behavior features of three years’ children in the age’s development crisis. The article presents the effectiveness of realizing special program for three years’ children parents. The author shows and account for the way of psychological training to parents, which includes knowledge of three years’ children behavioral and psychological features.

The article considers the term «operational competence of a guide-interpreter», which is represented by a certain set of strategies, that is seen as a general program of some professional activities with the corresponding tactics.

This article presents the results of studies of the relation of creativity
and resistance to stress in such creative professionals like designers
and students-future designers. Analysis of the data allowed the author
to define a number of conditions under which educational and professional activities of student-future designers will be most productive.

The article presents the results of empirical research of the pupils’ learning success. The author defines specifics of consideration of this issue on the part of parents, students and teachers. The author identifies the major factors that affect the pupils’ learning success. The perception of success is similar in all three groups. Majority of surveyed agreed that the basis for success are the results of the student, but also respondents emphasized the social factor of success. Interviewees noted that the current education
system is not conducive to the formation of success of students, that emphasized the relevance of the topic.

The article discusses the concepts of poetic and prosaic type of structure of artistic integrity (M.M. Girshman), prosaic and poetic image (N.D. Tamarchenko). In the M.M. Hirschman's work «Rhythm of fiction» attributes that define the structure of the artistic image in poetry and prose are defined, and used in the analysis of stories by A.A. Temnikov «Snyaschiysya Forest» and «Other Sixty», representing the prose, which is dominated by the poetic type of structure integrity. The article also suggests that the movement of the prose poetic integrity of the structure of the type is associated with the problem of authenticity of artistic expression, which is developed in the works of N.T. Rymar.

This article deals with the question about the style of literary diaries. This article describes two basic approaches to the concept of "style" and also the classification of O.G. Egorov (theorist of the genre), which was developed on the material of the XIX century is given. Basing on the diary heritage of the XX
century we made a proposal to outspread the scientist's classification at the expense of impressionistic and essayistic styles.
The subject of direct analysis is becoming a diary of K.I. Chukovsky. His diary is characterized by diversity of stylistic layers. On the one hand, it is connected to multi-dimensional consciousness of the author. On the other hand, it is explained by the inevitable evolution of the diary's content, because the writer
had been leading his diary for 69 years (from 1901 to 1969).Particular attention is paid to such stylistic features of the diary genre, as the presence of «some one else's» word. This article describes the way to turn on «some one else's» word, specific to notes of K.I. Chukovsky, in the narrative fabric of the diary.

The present article studies some specific features of the functionioning of utopia and anti-utopia genres in creative works by brothers Arcady and Boris Strugatsky. The main importance is being paid to the study of the structure of time and space interconnection of the artistic whole. In particular the article is
focused on the chronotope as high register content related of the prose. Complicated pattern of literary utopia and anti-utopia in the novels under study primes analysis of chronotope use to distinguish the dominant genre. The clarification of the temporal and spatial components of the chronotope character will make it possible to identify the characteristics, immanent to definite genres. The novels under study are "Noon, 22nd century" and "The Doomed City". The specificity of chronotope in these novels by the Strugatsky
brothers allows to research the transformation of the nominal characteristics of utopia and anti-utopia in the context of the authors' conception influence.

The article focuses on irony as an illustration of one of the topical trends in business communication, that of evolving deconventionalisation and functional deregulation of Business English discourse. Irony is analyzed as means of enhancing figurativeness that generates new sense components in discourse. The author comes to the following conclusion: considering that business circles accept English communicative models as authoritative, and non-native
speakers follow their style, this verbal means is worth special attention in teaching business communication. Thus irony as a means of business rhetoric deserves profound investigation in terms of its use for increasing communicative efficiency and for more profound perception of foreign culture.

The article is devoted to semantic analysis of lexical explication of the concepts of Pravda (Truth) and Lozh (Lie). The empirical base of the investigation is made up by the dialect vocabulary and the dialect phraseology denoting speech act. The main semantic components, supplement regularly with the meaning of telling lies in the semantheme of dialect word, are revealed. The verbalization of the concepts explicates in a lot of metaphoric names, and their multiplicity is caused by the abstractedness of denotation, which reflects conceptual and communicative side of speech. The analysis
of metaphoric paths used for the conceptualization of Pravda and Lozh demonstrates their extra linguistic nature. The considered concepts are characterized by the high level of lexical variation. Besides the metaphoric models realized in the vocabulary and phraseology are common for the all subsystems of the Russian language.

The focus of the article is a review of representation of the concept of «Boredom» derivatives, that occupy the area of conuclear parts in its structure. The semantics of the analyzed conceptual field associated with the concept of human and verbalized by mainly adjektive lexemes capable at the same time to express and the emotional and estimated relation, and to identify value
criteria in the approach to the characterization of the object. The results of the analysis allow to allocate in the maintenance of the concept the interconnected signs the «estimation» and «value», belonging to its axiological party. Through semantic opposition of reprezentants the group of value-oriented features of the conceptual notion of «person boring» in the writer’s system is revealed.

In the article the problem of understanding and explanation of communicative and pragmatic aspect of studying of YaSTs is investigated. Terminotvorchestvo is considered as a kind of activity. The fundamental principles of nominalization in an author’s terminotvorchestvo are revealed. Cognitive approach allows to explain emergence and evolution of special concepts, to designate the reasons and mechanisms of dynamic processes in the professional nomination. The question of influence of the language personality on the development of scientific knowledge, in connection with
the changing cognitive and communicative needs of scientists is raised. Actual tasks of lexicographic description of terms are defined.