Vol 10, No 5 (2011)
9-15
Using a high-pressure vessel with cryogenic refuelling as a storage regasifier for autonomous complexes of gas supplyng and railway transport
Abstract
The analysis of possible ways of using a vessel with cryogenic preparation incorporated into an autonomous gas supply complex is given in the paper. The peculiarities of operating the vessel with cryogenic refueling as well as its advantages and drawbacks are also discussed.
16-22
Research of current and power interchange of swirled fluid streams in a hydraulic heat gentrator
Abstract
The paper deals with the analyses of power interchange of swirled fluid flows in a vertical hydraulic heat generator. Expressions are derived for the calculation of velocity and pressure distribution over its length and radius. The pattern of free and forced vortex formation is confirmed. Equations are obtained to calculate fluid heating.
23-28
Vortex gas wind-driven power plant for supplying compressor stations with electrical energy
Abstract
The possibilities of using combined vortex gas wind-driven power plants for electric power generation by using the power of exhaust gases of a gas-transporting unit are assessed. A three-dimensional model is designed and numerical calculation of the stator part of a gas wind-driven power plant is performed. How parameter distributions in the whole design area are obtained. The dependence of the plant power efficiency on the static pressure at the design area exit is established.
29-35
Heat meter for ASECM, integrated into TP management information system of an industrial enterprise
Abstract
Industrial automated systems of energy control and metering are to operate in a reliable and stable way under challenging conditions typical for automated processes at aerospace enterprises. Among critical operation factors are electromagnetic and acoustic noise, pressure and temperature drops, dust, moisture content, metering data loss or distortion etc. We propose a version of the block diagram and the working principle of a heat meter integrated into ASECM which is based on a heat calculator with a fiber-optical interface and fiber-optical channels of data transmission from peripheral sensors of temperature, pressure and heat flow rate.
36-43
Specifying the dimensions of the reverse current area of a 3-D gas-turbine engine combustion chamber model using the ANSYS FLUENT software
Abstract
The paper describes numerical modeling of the reverse current area using a three-dimensional model of an aviation gas turbine engine combustion chamber. The research was carried out at various angles of installing blades in a swirler. Graphs of the twist parameter versus geometrical characteristics of the reverse current area are presented.
44-48
Research of flame distribution speed, width of the zone and intensity of chemical reactions of combustion in the spark-ignition engine
Abstract
The results of experimental investigation of the fuel-air mixture combustion process in the vicinity of the engine cylinder wall are presented. The width of the zone of combustion chemical reactions and the speed of flame distribution are specified, as well as their influence on the concentration of hydrocarbons in the exhaust gas that are not burnt away.
49-54
Experimental investigations of fluid atomization by model frontal devices of combustion chambers
Abstract
The paper presents the analysis of results of experimental research of characteristics of fuel-air sprays produced by various model frontal devices of combustion chambers of promising design. The influence of air supply to the central duet of the atomizer on the configuration of the reverse current zone and the characteristics of the spray cone is revealed. Comparative study of spray cones behind frontal devices of various types is carried out. Data on spraying liquid films from plate surfaces and the distribution of concentration pulsations in the flow are obtained.
55-64
Design and investigation of a pneumatic atomizer as applied to a low emission combustion chamber of a promising gas-turbine engine
Abstract
A new injector module has been developed that meets all the requirements made. The module proposed makes it possible to improve the structure of the field of flow of fuel-air mixture and to ensure high quality of fuel atomization, which, in turn, will make it possible to obtain a wide range of starting and steady operation of the combustion chamber under the terrestrial and high – altitude conditions. The degree of homogenization of the mixture is increased, and, as a consequence, we can expect lower emission of harmful impurities at the output of the gas turbine engine.
65-71
Research of the process of cleaning gas from mechanical impurities in a direct flow centrifugal separator
Abstract
New data on the flow structure and the fundamental characteristics of a direct-flow centrifugal separator are obtained on the basis of experimental and calculation research. The influence of the vortex chamber length, separation slot width, presence or absence of sucking the gathered particles from the container, as well as the size of particles on the efficiency of cleaning gas from mechanical impurities is established.
72-77
The concept of matching the joint operation of the combustion chamber, the compressor and the turbine
Abstract
The paper presents scientifically grounded requirements on the values of corrected velocity of gas flow at the input and output of the combustion chamber aimed at providing stability and the required uniformity of the gas temperature field at the turbine input while maintaining the optimal mode of chamber operation with regard to stability and efficiency of combustion and emission.
78-82
Problems of design analysis of characteristics of a gas turbine engine working on natural gas
Abstract
The paper deals with the problems of calculating the characteristics of gas turbine engines working on natural gas. The algorithm of thermodynamic calculation on the basis of π-h-T functions with the exact account of changing the thermophysical parameters of a working body in the environment of software package Microsoft Office Excel is proposed.
83-87
Investigation of thermal explosion in a pseudoliquid fuel
Abstract
The process of electric spark ignition of aluminium particle air suspension is investigated experimentally in a duct with an expansion on the basis of a model of focal thermal ignition. The critical radius of the initial focal point of ignition is specified, the process dynamics is investigated and the influence of turbulence intensity on the development of the place of ignition is established.
88-93
Research of the zone of plasmachemical reactions in a supersonic air flow in the presence of nonquilibrium electric discharge
Abstract
The paper presents the results of gasodynamic and spectroscopic studies of the possibility of creating the spatial position of longitudinal discharge in a supersonic flow with the help of the vacuum area formed behind the anode when hydrocarbon fuel is fed into the discharge zone. The peculiarity of the module configuration under study is that the burning zone is not close to the walls of the combustion chamber. Due to using the gasodynamic peculiarity of flow and nonequilibrium electric discharge the module of the structure both stabilizes the burning area and intensifies the processes of fuel mixing. The experiments were carried out at M=2 and static pressure in the flow~34.7 kPa in the wind tunnel with the closed 120x120 mm2 working section. The discharge current was maintained at 1 A, the consumption of propane used as hydrocarbon fuel was 1 .2 g/s, that of kerosene – 1 .3 g/s. The distributions of intensity of emission of the products of chemical reactions using various methods of fuel injection were compared.
94-103
Combustion of condensed substance in the electrostatic field
Abstract
The paper presents the results of experimental investigation of the influence of the external electrostatic field on the mass burning rate of tridekane, PMMA, SKN-26, SKMS-30, localized in the zone of gas phase reactions and c-phase. The influence of the field on the gas phase results in changing the form of the flame tongue and chemiionization reactions proceeding in it, which leads to changing the burning rate. The intensity of combustion decreases if the liquid c-phase is first exposed to the field. This effect has not been detected in polymers.
104-107
Using an ionization probe removed from the sparking plug for the development of a two-zone ICE combustion model
Abstract
A simplified method, less labor-intensive than the existing ones, for developing flame propagation geometry and constructing a two-zone combustion model in the ICE cylinder is proposed. The method is based on using one ionization probe removed from the sparking plug. The experimental results processed in accordance with the method proposed can be used for engineering calculations at the predesign stage of developing newinternal combustion engines as well as for the operational development of the existing ICE working process when alternative fuels are used.
108-112
Experimental study of swirled gas flow by the particle image velocimetry method
Abstract
Turbulent jet flows have a wide range of application: rocket and turbine engines, combustion chambers, cooling systems, etc. Hence there is great scope for their study. Knowledge in this area and investigating the possibilities of controlling the intensity of vortices can be used for flame stabilization, as well as increasing the efficiency of heat and mass exchange in various devices. In this paper we obtain a more detailed picture of the formation of local vortices.
113-117
Analysis of the properties of water condensate obtained from heat engine exhaust yases
Abstract
The paper deals with the analysis of physical and chemical characteristics of water condensate obtained from exhaust gases of heat engines. The data obtained with the help of chromatographic equipment are presented and analysed.
118-123
Increasing the capacity of engine intake system
Abstract
The paper presents the results of experimental and computational analysis of the capacity of confuserdiffuser ducts in the direct and reverse directions with stationary air flow, as well as the evaluation of increasing the volumetric efficiency of ICE cylinders due to the use of a self-closing inlet valve and confuser-diffuser ducts.
124-128
Functional analysis of periodic disturbances during intermittent cutting
Abstract
The paper deals with the problems of reducing the amplitude of forced oscillations during intermittent cutting of gear wheel billets on the basis of solving an inhomogeneous second-order equation.
129-132
Method and apparatus for evaluating the efficiency of energy transfer from combustion products to abrasive particles at the exit of a sand blaster nozzle
Abstract
The paper presents the device, allowing the assessment of the size and speed of sand particles at the exit of the sandblaster nozzle. It is based on the photoelectric method of measurement. The structural and functional diagrams of the device are presented. Measurement error is estimated.
133-137
138-144
Fiber-optical pressure transducer for the UA engine control system
Abstract
The difficulties of power plant optimization and airborne equipment complexing are related to UA dimensions and functional complexity of its accessories. They are exhibited to the greatest extent in aircraft with small dimensions. At the same time, up-to-date technologies make it possible to produce powerful miniature processors, superlight fiber-optical transducers and onboard networks on their basis. The use of sensor conduction coatings substantially increases the sensitivity of fiber-optical transducers and expands their dynamic range. In particular, this is true of pressure transducers for power plant control systems.
145-150
Indirect determination of the presence of vibration combustion in combustion chambers of turbine engines by a three-channel sensor for measuring movement
Abstract
The paper deals with the problem of vibration combustion in low-emission combustion chambers of terrestrial gas turbine engines. A design of a three-channel sensor for measuring movement for the indirect determination of the presence of vibration combustion is proposed. The scheme of the sensor and the algorithm of its work is presented. The advantages of a three-channel sensor over a single-channel one are analyzed.
151-154
Development and research of a low-toxic combustion chamber of a stationary GTE
Abstract
The results of experimental studies carried out on the basis of a conventional and modernized combustion chambers for a full-scale gas turbine plant are presented. The concentration of toxic substance emissions is reduced as compared with a serial combustion chamber.
155-161
Tests of the low emission combustion chambers compartment with pressure and pressure–air assist atomizers
Abstract
For the purpose of improvement of ecological and resource characteristics of the existing civil aircraft a front module of a combustion chamber with a combined centrifugal air-atomizing burner is developed. High completeness of fuel combustion, satisfactory range of steady burning, low emission of unburned hydrocarbons, carbon oxide and reduced emission of nitric oxide in the modified version of a combustion chamber with a combined atomizer is experimentally confirmed.
162-167
Modeling of propane combustion processes in case of converting a GTE combustion chamber to gaseous fuel
Abstract
In this paper we consider the possibility of applying the software package ANSYS Fluent to simulate the combustion process of propane in the conversion of a small-size gas turbine engine to gaseous fuels. The fuel reservoir and the inkjet nozzle have been designed allowing for the combustion chamber peculiarities. We analyzed the influence of the burner design on the integral characteristics of the product. According to the results of numerical simulation recommendations for the practical application of the software package ANSYS Fluent to calculate the combustion of gaseous fuels are developed.
168-178
Simulation of aerodynamic structure of the flow in the combustion chamber of a small-size gas turbine engine with the help of CAE–systems
Abstract
A mathematical model of turbulence is chosen and justified, the aerodynamic structure of the flow in a combustion chamber is calculated using CAD/CAE-technologies, an algorithm for solving problems of the kind is developed and implemented in numerical simulation of the structure of the flow in the combustion chamber of a small-size gas turbine engine. The influence of operating parameters on the integral characteristics of combustion chambers is analyzed. Recommendations for the practical application of the ANSYS Fluent software package are developed according to the results of numerical simulation.
179-187
Construction of detailed kinetic mechanisms of forming for five ring PAH and their reduction for use in modern CAE systems
Abstract
The paper deals with constructing a mathematical model describing the processes of hydrocarbon fuel oxidation, creation of database according to thermodynamic properties of individual substances and kinetic reactions, formation of kinetic schemes with various degrees of detailing. The influence of the kinetic scheme detailing degree on the basic physical and chemical processes (ignition delay period, equilibrium concentrations) is analysed.
188-202
Research of toxic substances emission during water injection into a combustion chamber
Abstract
The results of water injection effect on the emission characteristics of combustion chambers of gasturbine engines are presented. The prime objective of the research is the assessment of the influence of water injection info the combustion zone on the combustion efficiency and ejections of NOx, CO, CH4 . A number of experiments has been made to specify the ecological characteristics of the combustion chamber with water injected into the combustion zone. A comparative analysis of different ways of water injection is given.
203-207
Analysis of combustion models applicability for designing combustion chamber with a large number of nozzles
Abstract
Applications of models for predicting the parameters of gas-turbine engine combustion chamber process are discussed in the paper. Characteristic simulation results for different models ofcombustion are presented.
208-214
A new mathematical tool for modelling the processes in fuel sprays
Abstract
New concepts of positively (negatively) invariant manifolds for non-linear systems with non-Lipschitzian nonlinearities have been introduced. It is pointed out that the order reduction of these systems can be performed, using these new concepts. It is shown that the singularly perturbed system of three equations (droplet radii, gas temperature and fuel vapour concentration) describing evaporation and ignition of monodispersed sprays possesses the attractive positively invariant manifold. This allows us to reduce this system to the system of two equations describing gas temperature and fuel concentration when the droplet evaporation process has been completed. An additional equation describes the reduction of droplet radii when the variations of gas temperature and fuel vapour concentration can be considered small.
215-220
Analysis estimation of pulse jet engine operation in detonation mode
Abstract
The problem of deflagration-to-detonation transition in pulse jet engines is described in this work. The conditions of deflagration-to-detonation transition have been considered for hydrocarbon fuel. The disadvantages of technologies of predetonator and shock implosion are discussed.
221-226
Modeling of fuel vaporization and mixing processes in combustion chamber
Abstract
The paper presents a model of vaporization and mixing of liquid, vapor and gas fuel in a combustion chamber. The following problems are solved with the help of the model. The velocity fields of air flow behind front swirlers of three kinds are calculated. The hydrodynamic flow structure in MOGOS modules with and without a prefilmer is specified. Calculations of liquid, vapor and gas fuel distribution in the module of each kind are made.
227-235