Vol 13, No 4 (2022)

The presented article considers the current economic situation, taking into account the restrictions of imported supplies of products, equipment and technologies. The need to develop domestic engineering in the field of high-tech equipment production, to create a powerful innovation and technological potential on the basis of enterprises producing modern machines and developing advanced technologies is justified. The trend in the development of mechanical engineering in one of the industrialized regions – the Samara region – was analyzed. It was revealed that the main supplier of machinery and equipment to the domestic market today is a domestic manufacturer, the production capacity of which in some sub-industries operates at the limit. In this regard, a significant increase in investments in the renewal of fixed assets is necessary. The increase in the production of innovative high-tech equipment is associated with significant investments and serious time costs, even if financing is carried out from the federal budget. The reason for the weak investment activity of enterprises is the low profitability of production and an unstable external environment. The priority should be the development and development of innovative equipment that meets the modern requirements of the innovative and technological development of industry.

Against the backdrop of accelerating the processes of digitalization of the economy, regionalization and globalization, the development of the “knowledge economy” and the “intellectual economy”, the topic of the company’s life cycle is becoming more and more relevant and in demand. At the same time, there is a growing interest on the part of both researchers and practitioners in understanding certain aspects of the organization of processes within companies that have certain specifics, in particular, within innovative companies. The purpose of this study is to study the existing life cycle models, to conduct a comparative analysis of the life cycle models of innovative enterprises. To achieve this goal, the following tasks are defined and solved in the article: to analyse the main domestic and foreign databases, to identify existing models of the life cycle of a company of innovative companies, to describe the main characteristics of these models and to conduct a comparative analysis of the stages of existing models of the life cycle of innovative companies. This study is based on company life cycle models published in scientific journals. For this, domestic and foreign melon databases were analysed. In the process of conducting the study, methods of theoretical generalization, comparison, grouping, system analysis and synthesis were used. As a result of the study, five models of the life cycle of innovative companies were identified, their main characteristics were formulated, and a comparative analysis of these models was carried out.

Every day the importance of «digital economy» becomes more significant, one of the reasons for the high interest in the phenomenon is the perception of the digitalization process as part of the global process of technological revolution and, at the same time, the expectation of large-scale ensuing consequences. Previously, such historical changes led to a significant increase in the efficiency of economic and industrial activities in particular, which is a basic factor in improving the level of public welfare in global terms. Nevertheless, business has a dual attitude to digitalization, in addition to the source of additional benefits, it is perceived as a problem in terms of the destruction of existing sustainable business models of large businesses and the complete demoralization of smaller structures, in some cases [1]. Thus, «digital economy» is one of the key elements of the transition and the existence of Industry 4.0. There are no statistical data reflecting the share of Russian enterprises that have switched or at least use Industry 4.0 technologies in practice, at least open ones. But it can be assumed that with the conditional ranking of technologies into simpler and more complex, with an increase in the share of the use of the former, the share of the use of the latter will also increase. And, further, it is necessary to consider in more detail the current state of IT in the Russian economy on available indicators, which will make it possible to determine the level of development and the state of the technological base for the full transition of Russian industry to the base of «Industry 4.0».

The article is devoted to the consideration of the most pressing issues related to the development of the modern energy sector of Russia. Among them there are the technical obsolescence of energy production facilities, a huge amount of unused energy equipment, serious disruption of the innovation cycle in the energy industry, and inefficient management. The authors pay special attention to the difficulties associated with the ever-accelerating process of digitalization of economy in general and the energy industry in particular. The article also predicts the most probable possibilities for the emergence of environmental problems initiated by the development of renewable energy. The priority tasks for the development of the energy sector are determined. The list of the mentions tasks includes domestic power equipment competitiveness increasing; ensuring full utilization of energy capacities; restoration of the innovation process; improving the quality of strategic decisions; solving the problem of negative impacts of digitalisation.

Modern market conditions, burdened by the process of active restructuring of the economy under new circumstances related to geopolitical instability and the sanctions burden, change the concepts, principles and requirements for the quality of innovation management, as one of the main elements of the sustainable functioning of the enterprise and increasing its competitiveness, as innovation today is becoming the main aspect of maintaining competitive positions. The well-established models of organizational process management in Russian practice are characterized by conservatism and low efficiency. The innovative activity of most modern domestic enterprises, in comparison with the standards of developed countries, is characterized by low innovation activity, a large percentage of the use of traditional technologies and organizational and managerial methods, separation of production capabilities and ideas from dynamically changing market conditions. In fact, an increase in the efficiency of industrial enterprises in the field of innovation and an increase in its competitiveness, taking into account modern intensively changing and unstable conditions, should be achieved through a qualitative increase in the level of economic science and educational technologies, taking into account modern, including world standards of innovation management. In addition, it is necessary to concentrate on our own R&D, possibly based on high-tech developments of friendly countries, and increasing the level of innovation activity within the country by industry. The successful implementation of innovation activities at industrial enterprises ultimately depends on management and management's approach to management and innovation activities. It is important to understand the importance and necessity of updating production standards, adapting management methods to market conditions, and the superiority of the final product over competitors inside and outside the country. Thus, the modeling of the innovation process at industrial enterprises today has a promising strategic role.

The transformational processes taking place in the Russian economy over the past few years necessitate the development of new ways and methods to ensure the effective management of innovative activities of industrial structures. Before starting to solve this problem, it is necessary to identify the key problems that require prompt elimination in order to create a basic platform for improving domestic innovation management. The purpose of the scientific article is to study the innovative activity of Russian and foreign industrial enterprises and identify problems that hinder innovative growth. In the process of achieving this goal, methods of statistical, portfolio, structural analysis and synthesis, generalization, analogy, and system analysis were used. Based on the results of the analysis carried out by the author, recommendations were formed to ensure effective management of the innovation activity of domestic industrial enterprises. Scientific conclusions and proposals are of high importance for the development of theoretical and methodological provisions of innovation management and acceleration of economic and innovative growth of the Russian economy. Thus, the scientific recommendations and conclusions formed in the work can serve as an information base for the management of industrial structures in determining the vector of strategic development and increasing competitiveness. A strategic guideline for further research is the development of author's recommendations for ensuring effective management of innovation activities and improving the methodological tools of innovation management using modern digital technologies.

Taking into account the current trends in the development of innovations related to the impact of total economic sanctions against Russia by the United States and Western countries, which represent a ban and significant restrictions on innovative activities, in particular in the education system, the formation and development of intellectual capital comes to the fore, becoming an active measure to counter Western sanctions. The research presents scientific directions for the research of intellectual capital, clarifications of its formulation. The article reveals the essence and content of intellectual capital, presents transformational processes associated with its development, taking into account modern transformational processes in the innovation market. It is shown that the role of intellectual capital has increased even more – it is an integral part of innovative products, based on the use of intellectual results: licenses, patents, copyrights. The study presents the prerequisites that cause the transformation of the structure and functions of intellectual capital, its elemental composition is given. It is proved that the structural and functional transformation of the higher education system is carried out within the framework of the «Priority 2030» program, which defines the goals and objectives of the development of the education system, presents the paradigm of the development of the intellectual capital of the university. The article reveals the directions of transformational processes in the structure of education and proposes a model of the ecosystem of intellectual capital.

Oil and gas industry occupies a significant place in the economy of the Russian Federation – its share in GDP in 2021 was 17.4 %. The trouble-free operation of oil and gas industry enterprises allows the stable development of this industry in particular and the economy of the state as a whole. Mining is associated with many risks – general, inherent in any economic entity, and private, reflecting the specifics of the industry. Common risks include market, currency, natural, political and others. The risks inherent in the oil and gas sector are associated with the peculiarities of the production process, a high proportion of workers employed in production with harmful factors, accidents and injured workers, and harmful emissions. The object of the study is PJSC «Gazprom», the largest gas supplier in the Russian Federation. The article considers such risk indicators as the number of accidents, the number of victims of industrial accidents, the volume of wastewater discharge into surface water bodies. These indicators are analyzed for the period from 2011 to 2021. A decreasing trend of these risk indicators, accompanied by fluctuations, is revealed. The cost of risk reduction measures was also analyzed: the cost of industrial safety, the cost of labor protection, the cost of environmental protection for PJSC «Gazprom» for the period from 2011 to 2021. Costs, in contrast to the considered risk indicators, do not have a definite trend. A model of the relationship between production volume, risk indicators and risk reduction costs has been developed. On the basis of the developed model, the problem of minimizing the total costs under regulatory restrictions on risk indicators is formulated. Separate functions have been developed that reflect the relationship between the number of accidents and the cost of industrial safety, the number of victims of accidents and the cost of labor protection, wastewater discharge and environmental protection costs. The presented models can be used by specialists of PJSC «Gazprom» when developing a risk management strategy, as well as by risk managers of other oil and gas enterprises after adjusting the parameters of the models taking into account the specifics of an individual enterprise.