Vol 12, No 1 (2021)

At a new stage in the development of the Russian higher education system, missions are being adjusted, strategies and programs for the development of universities are being developed in accordance with global trends in the development of higher education and the challenges facing the country and regions. A modern university plays an important role in ensuring the socio-economic development of the country and the region, participates in the implementation of national, federal and regional projects, strategic development programs. The basis of university development programs is the provision of training for the priority areas of scientific and technological development of the Russian Federation, sectors of the economy and the social sphere, the development and implementation of breakthrough scientific research and development, new creative and social and humanitarian projects, as well as their implementation in the economy and social sphere of high technologies. Important aspects of strategic planning of the university are the analysis of trends and challenges in the higher education system in Russia, as well as the study of the educational services market in the region. The paper analyzes the structure and dynamics of development of the national and regional (using the example of the Samara Region) higher educational systems in Russia, identifies general patterns and tendencies, identifies the directions of development of regional universities.

The problem of innovation is a key one for most of the industrialized countries of the world. Scientific and technical products resulting from intellectual activity need to create a system of protection of industrial property rights, which is a mandatory attribute of developed countries. The efficiency of modern Russian national economy is based on the scientific and technical potential of the country, along with natural and labor resources. The transition of the economy to a new qualitative state increases the importance of innovation and the development of high-tech industries, which, ultimately, are the most important factor in overcoming the economic crisis and providing conditions for economic growth. The innovative development of the Russian oil and gas sector depends on the state of the world market. It is necessary to look for other sources directly related to the main issues of scientific and technological development, including: improving the efficiency of exploration; increase of efficiency of development of oil and gasoline in remote areas; improving the efficiency of exploration in the floodplains of the remaining oil reserves; the increase in the average and low production of dense and high-quality construction of wells to a depth of more than 4 km; increasing the productivity of reservoir wells with low permeability. Therefore, scientific foundations of the development of oil and gas complex and the law of the development of innovative technologies are very relevant and have important theoretical and practical significance. The relevance of the topic of the article is expressed in the fact that the world's largest oil and gas companies are constantly looking for ways to improve efficiency, including through the use of innovative methods of oil search, exploration and production. In this case, the competitiveness and long-term survival of an oil company depends on the effectiveness of its innovation activities. The article considers the main innovative technologies in oil production in Russia and their features.

The article considers the main directions of development of the innovative environment of the industrial sector in our country. In modern conditions of dynamically flowing processes of globalization, the level of competitiveness of enterprises and the degree of their economic security significantly depend on their ability to systematically create and implement innovations in production. Meanwhile, despite the powerful industrial, human and intellectual potential of our state, the problem of creating innovations and introducing them into production is extremely acute, if we evaluate it in comparison with the world's technological leaders, and catastrophic from the point of view of the prospects for the development of our state. Its solution lies in overcoming the barriers that exist on the path of innovative development of domestic industrial enterprises. Despite the considerable scientific reserve of scientists regarding the coverage of the problems of innovation in Russia, domestic science still does not fully address the issues related to the barriers that arise in the way of innovative development of industrial enterprises, preservation and expansion of their innovative potential in conditions of increasing turbulence and uncertainty of external environment.

The article considers the methodological aspect of assessing the military-economic efficiency of the logistics potential of a coalition group of troops on the territory of a CSTO member state. A system for assessing the quality of management of logistics support processes for the coalition group of troops (forces) has been developed. This assessment system corresponds to the methodological principles underlying its development (consistency, validity, objectivity, information content). At the conclusion of the authors of the article suggested methodological aspect is application of special methods of expert assessment to the construction of matrix profile highlight the level of the management hierarchy, functional areas and indicators of the level of quality control and to determine the level of quality of management of existing resources departments of logistics for coalition groups in the direction of timely and full provision of contingent troops in the territory of a state party to the CSTO.

Over the past twenty years, various strategic development concepts and programs, as well as federal targeted programs, have been implemented in the Russian Federation. In this regard, it should be noted that this experience of long-term planning has created significant opportunities for using the project management method in the state and municipal sector. The article presents the results of a small retrospective analysis of the emergence of the project management method. It is noted that in our country, the application of the project management method began in the 60-ies – first in construction and industry, and then in other sectors of the economy. The concept and essence of the project management method are considered. The project management process is defined as the solution of some tasks. Further, it should be noted that in Russia today, the application of an innovative method of project management in various fields and areas is developing, as well as the active implementation of various national projects. It is obvious that in the Russian Federation, the use of an innovative method of project management at the state level is directly related to the implementation of «national projects». This study is devoted to the application of the project management method as an innovation in public administration at the regional and municipal levels in the process of implementing public policy, as well as attempts to find solutions for the development of the project management method in the state and municipal sector. To this end, the article assesses the current state of implementation of the project management method and determines the prospects for its development in the state and municipal sector.

The presence in society of a formed middle class, which makes up the majority of the country's population, is a guarantee of stability and sustainable development of state. It is the middle class that represents active economic entities that effectively implement the main economic functions and participate in socio-economic relations. The presence and formation of a middle class should be a priority task for the state. In the article, the authors explore various approaches to the concept and criteria of the middle class. The income characteristics of the middle class are analyzed (average per capita, median, modal incomes, income distribution of the population, indicators of income differentiation). The features of the middle class in modern Russia are revealed, among which there is a significant heterogeneity of the middle class, determined by regional specifics, social characteristics and social status. The ambiguity of the definition of the middle class, the lack of its clear criteria, and as a result, its significant heterogeneity in Russia, complicates the analysis and assessment of the middle class in our country, and, as a result, reduces the effectiveness of measures taken aimed at the formation and development of the middle class. It is necessary to understand that the extraordinary dynamism of the development of modern society, the digitalization of all spheres of socio-economic relations, the consequences associated with the fourth industrial revolution will greatly affect the structure of society, the conditions and standard of living of the entire population.

The pace of innovative development of the machine-building complex and its structural changes are largely determined by the processes of automation, digitalization, improvement of machinery and equipment. The presented article discusses innovative technologies in mechanical engineering. The main trends in the innovative development of industrial production are: development of high-tech foreign economic activity, formation of an innovative space, digitalization of economy, creation of a unified database of innovative developments, formation of a new scientific base working on solving urgent problems, creation of markets for innovative products. It is determined that at all stages of the product life cycle, digital technologies are included, such as virtual reality, additive manufacturing, the industrial Internet of things, and a virtual trading platform. The definition of innovative and technological development of the machine-building complex is given. Despite the fact that innovative technologies ensure efficiency, agility and cost-effectiveness of production, in Russia the digital transformation process is in its infancy and is a promising necessity for the development of all industrial production. The transition to digital production technologies is associated with the solution of a number of problems. Such as modernization of the material and technical base, training and advanced training of personnel, preparation of the legislative framework, standardization, certification of innovative digital production technologies, search for investment resources.

Within the framework of analysis of innovative processes of an enterprise, the role of innovative activity as an indicator of effective management becomes obvious. The authors listed the main economic principles that affect innovation activity in general, briefly described them, then analyzed the dependence of innovation activity on various factors and proposed several ways to classify them. The possibility of changing the internal content and the transition of factors from one category to another was noted, and typical examples were given. In more detail, the key factors that have a major impact on the management of innovation activities, in particular the fourth industrial revolution, were considered. The authors showed the historical heritability of industrial revolutions from the first to the fourth (the introduction of the steam engine (the essence of the beginning of labor automation) develops into conveyor production, which with the next stage is transferred to the monitoring and full control of information systems with elements of artificial intelligence), demonstrated the development of features characteristic of sequential mechanization and automation. Based on the available results of the digital revolution and the existing promising developments, the authors conducted a SWOT analysis of the likely factors of innovation activity arising from the onset of Industry 4.0. In order to maintain high innovation activity, they justified the need to develop an action plan in case of the most likely threats.

The article deals with the problem of organization of financial control procedures for the activities of a joint-stock company by the audit bodies. The development of effective verification mechanisms can significantly reduce the cost of conducting them and increase their effectiveness. One of the problems that arise in the study of such problems is the modeling of behavior of participants in the system of internal and external control. The solution of this problem is impossible without the use on a scientific basis of economic and mathematical models of financial control mechanisms, taking into account the economic relations of the subjects and the object of control, allowing to assess the costs of control and its effectiveness. The article examines the mechanism of interaction between shareholders and control bodies. Models describing this interaction have been developed, as well as the tasks of determining the vector of the planned task of inspections by control bodies have been formulated and solved. The parameters of the verification procedure are determined by the criterion of maximizing the economic effect of the center from conducting inspections by the control bodies. The model uses a multiplicative function of the economic effect of the center on the possession of information on each of the subjects of control. The members of the system are the audit commission, the board of directors and the audit organization. For each participant of the system, target functions are formulated, taking into account information about material remuneration and taking into account alternative income. The developed model is tested on numerical data on the cost of conducting inspections and on alternative income. The results of the calculations illustrate the behavior patterns of the system participants, in particular, the feasibility of paying the full cost of inspections by the center and the implementation of the inspection plan by the control bodies in the appropriate volume.

The complexity of the socio-economic situation at all levels requires a detailed study of the regional development strategy issues and monitoring the implementation of presidential and government decrees. Various approaches to management were considered, for example, the national projects development implementation issues. National projecting, as a new tool for implementing state concepts, is an effective management method. The set of the project office functions provides control over the implementation of national projects at the level of development of municipalities of the Russian Federation. Historically, the level of socio-economic development of the territory has been measured and is measured using the identification of long-term trends in the development of key socio-economic indicators. The article presents a methodology that allows you to evaluate the effectiveness of project management tools since based on the results of its assessment, you can make informed management decisions and judge the effectiveness of the work of local authorities. Therefore, the aim of the scientific article was to develop an effective methodology that allows us to evaluate the effectiveness of the project office functions implemented in the management of the socio-economic development of the municipality. As a result of the study, systemic relationships were revealed of the impact of the project office on the indicators of the socio-economic development of the municipality, which was presented in the work as an important aspect of the study, the significance of which is due to the priorities of sustainable, balanced, competitive, integrated development of the Russian regions. In connection with the socio-economic policy pursued by the state, which requires speedy acceleration of the socio-economic development of municipalities, the effectiveness of the result of the application of the project approach in the municipal authorities was studied in detail.