Vol 24, No 2 (2018)

The article offers a look at the metaphor as the mechanism of art reception process and at the same time as the mechanism of consciousness organization together with the unconscious area. The idea is expressed
that in this case the traditional conceptual apparatus of philological science acts as an instrument of rationalization of the sense of unity with the text, known to any reader. It is assumed that a reader/viewer holistic emotional impression can be considered in a broad psychological context associated with the metaphorization and synesthesia phenomenas.
The perception of an art work is defined as a specific communicative act in which the intention of the subject reception – its ability and readiness for an aesthetic experience, a kind of «openness» to the text – and the corresponding art work potential readiness to «be experienced» play a decisive role. This ability of the text to resonate with reader and viewer conscious and unconscious is associated with the specifics of the text metaphorical structure and the features of identification and experience of metaphor subject.
The author reveals the idea that metaphor is the language of the internal psyche structure and at the same time the mechanism of translation into the sphere of consciousness. From this point of view the author
show some trends of modern drama: the attraction to the «incarnation» of metaphors, «the object-game». The examples of modern dramaturgic works show how the metaphor is able to accumulate the viewer receptive activity.
The idea that the nature of catharsis lies in the point of the opening access to the unconscious and becomes possible due to the universal «metaphorization portal» is emphasized

In the paper the concept of artistic-legal narrative is advanced, its specificity and some features of functioning in Russian literature of the XIX–XX centuries are considered. Under the artistic-legal narrative,
the authors of the article understand the system of narrative and rhetorical «figures» that form texts describing events of a legal nature. The methodological base of the research was compiled by the works of the Russian and foreign philosophers, philologists, law theorists, sociologists – M. Bakhtin, G. Genette, W. Iser, Yu. Lotman, D. Likhachev, P. Ricoeur, V. Tyupa, M. Foucault, H.R. Jauß. Bakhtin’s idea of a dialogue, the method of communicative analysis, the method of narrative analysis, the structural-semiotic method were significant for the research. The law in artistic-legal narrative is interpreted as a socio-cultural phenomenon, while the legal code appears as a system of signs allowing you to read out information of legal nature and interpret it within a certain artistic system in conjunction with other codes. It was found that rhetorical techniques in the artistic-legal narrative correlate with various speech practices: judicial (court documents, speeches of the accuser, lawyer, etc.), legislative and documentary (Constitution, criminal law, civil law), regime-restrictive (internal regulations in prisons, the army) and other speech practices. The authors substantiate the dependence of this type of narrative on the rhetorical practices of the courtship inherent in a particular historical epoch, and also trace the similarity of the narrators to the participants in the trial. Particular attention is paid to the «hard labor» and «camp» prose narrative. In the course of the research, the influence of reporter and journalistic genres on Dovlatov is established. The artistic-legal narrative of «hard labor» and «camp» prose incorporates normative references related to various kinds of
prohibitions, and eliminates them via various compositional and rhetorical techniques. The authors argue that the legal discourse acquires such features as conflict and spectacularity through interaction with dramatic
and theatrical discourses. The influence of the developed forms of psychological analysis in the 19th century and laconic forms of an anecdote, a song, an intellectual story in the 20th century on the artistic and legal narrative is emphasized.

The article touches upon the verbal means of cognitive strategies and techniques used by participants of a personal interview, which is the most frequent pattern of modern media discourse, online media. The ways of overcoming conflicts and reaching consensus are described in the framework of the discourse cognitive phenomenon of intersubjectivity.
The article contains a description of an integrated methodology developed for the study of one of the hybrid forms of modern communication, a personal interview, which combines a thoughtful cognitive plan characterizing the interviewer’s behavior and the spontaneous response of the interviewer, the condition of which becomes the topic of communication. The overall goal of the participants is to reach an agreement, which is possible only if the interviewer refuses to dominate and trust him.
In the course of the research, the hypothesis of existence of modern hybrid practices of algorithms for verbal behavior was verified, with the help of which the regulation of communication process is regulated and the possibility of reaching the partners’ consent is provided. The complex methodology, which included the research methods of conversion analysis and discourse analysis, made it possible to identify the phases of
the interview, characterized by standard formulas implemented with the help of information request tactics, and highlight transactions in which the field of interaction of participants is created. Key to the success of
the interview phase of the communicative process involves, as the study shows, an equal distribution of the partners’ initiative, achieved in the event of the interviewer’s refusal to dominate.
The selection of common questions, pronominal pick-ups, development of the topic chosen by the interviewer, implement strategies for motivating the response, which allows the partner to generate a detailed monologue statement about himself. In the transcript of the interview, this phase of the communicative process is reflected in the emergence of a sequence of utterances with high information density. At the same time, the speed of communicative exchange changes significantly, replicas of participants alternate with each communicative move.
Verbal algorithms that organize communicative interaction in a personal interview are located, as the study shows, in certain phases of the communication process, and can be presented as a sequence of
transactions. The possibilities of conversion analysis, allowing to demonstrate the structure of transactions, receive meaningful content by describing communicative strategies and tactics that implement them.
The results of the research are considered in the article in the perspective of the «grammar of the language game», declared by universal pragmatics and intended to form an idea of how communicative interaction proceeds in various discursive practices.

This paper deals with an experimental project method applying in teaching English writing and composition in an American higher school. The authors describe their impressions of a joint research, started in the autumn of 2012 and having been carried out in Ball State University (Muncie, Indiana, USA) with several groups of scholars within three terms in the frame of ILS (Interactive Learning Space) multi-stage project. In this connection they touch upon such most problematic aspects as: interactive environment-enhanced writing and composition teaching specific aspects; project activity different forms and types using possibilities; collaborative projects implementing into educational practice advantages and problems; working out assignments, tasks and tests specially aimed at active, individual, personally oriented students, learning; modern computer equipment and digital devices, in particular, newest types applying, etc. The detailed statistical review of experiment project work results given in the article proves the effectiveness of research project methods use in teaching writing and composition in higher schools. Basing on the multi-aspect analysis of vast theoretical and practical material presented in the research the authors come to a well founded conclusion that teaching process general intensifying by means of newest interactive technologies mass introducing on all levels of modern education system can doubtlessly provide success, high results and good prospects of humanities and other subjects teaching on the whole, as well as their particular aspects practical learning.

The article considers the issue of adjacent utterances functional interaction through which discourse sense space is formed. In particular, the input of the pragmatic comment relation in this process is analysed. The topicality of the stated problem arises out of the necessity to reveal the participation of linguistic means in building up constructive and promising, or, conversely, destructive and hopeless for society, role of verbal communication. Methods of the functional linguistic analysis make an optimal research basis to this end. Examples of English discourse from books by American and British writers of the XX–XXI centuries are taken as the empirical material which models typical communicative situations. Proceeding from works by T.A. van Dijk, functional relations are defined as pragmasemantic links between utterances in a speech chain in the process of communication between the sender and the recipient of the message.
The author looks into the specificity of the pragmatic comment relation in comparison with other functional links of discourse, the range of the pragmasemantic meanings under discussion, different variants of contamination of pragmatic comment functional components with relations of other types. The pragmatic comment relation is special due to the fact that, unlike other links, it does not advance the narration propositionally; it only discloses the speaker’s personal impression and modality of his/her perception of the situation. It is this emotional sensation that makes the purport of superphrasal unities which actualize the given functional relation. The growing frequency of such emotive linguistic means is also noted in business communication, which usually shows the communicative
partners’ strife for solving their professional tasks by exerting the desired rhetorical impact on each other.
Finally, the author concludes that pragmatic comment as a special type of pragmasemantic links in English discourse reveals a variety of the meanings expressed, stylistic effectiveness and wide occurrence in fiction and actual speech.

The effectiveness of an integrated approach applied by P. Kabytov to a scientist’s biography as a genre of scientific research has been shown in the review of his biographic essay about Yu. Smykov. The essay is based on written and oral sources. Reflections on the fate of the researcher and his works are presented in the context of historiographical comprehension of the problems in the national science about the Past, primarily, on the example of the agrarian history of pre-revolutionary Russia. Researches in this area became undoubted progress of Soviet historiography during its last decades. Among the most prominent scientists who carried out and organized these researches Yu. Smykov has been also. In this sketch the good example of truthful and attentive relation to merits of representative of professional corporation of historians, scientific academic community is given. The essay by P. Kabytov gives a good example of a truthful and attentive attitude to the merits of representative of historians’ professional corporation and the academic community. P. Kabytov managed to capture the main thing, showing the contribution of his colleague as the initiator
and coordinator of scientific researches, as the champion of education, as the teacher, who formatted the new generation of highly qualified scientific and pedagogical personnel. The most interesting materials identified by P. Kabytov were published in the relevant sections of the book: Memoirs, Letters, Photos. Thanks to this, readers and other researchers can familiarize with them, evaluate them, take advantage of them. The narrative about the scientist in this essay was not absolutely completed due to objective circumstances and has been consciously stopped for personal reasons. P. Kabytov himself considers his essay as the basis for creating
a scientific biography of Yu. Smykov, who has yet to write.