Vol 14, No 3 (2023)

The article discusses the conceptual foundations of energy efficiency management and increasing the level of energy efficiency of industrial enterprises at the regional level under the influence of modern innovative processes for its development. As part of the work carried out, the limiting factors that have a restraining effect on the spread of innovations with a high potential for improving energy efficiency at industrial enterprises in the Russian economy are indicated. The uniqueness of many industrial clusters of the domestic economy imposes the need to consider models of different, differentiated approaches to solving the issue at enterprises dedicated to the processes of improving energy efficiency within the framework of its active innovative development. Thanks to the experience of recent years in attracting and introducing innovative programs to enterprises, an up-to-date, modular classification of energy-saving measures has been formed in accordance with the state and problems of fuel and energy complex of our country. Different approaches to the selection of effective energy saving and energy efficiency programs at enterprises of different types are presented, as well as aspects of innovation activity within the framework of a single management process that unites the sustainable development of the enterprise, achieving the main goals of the enterprise through the processes of relevant innovation activity, as well as ensuring the development of a stable, sustainable management system of an industrial enterprise to update the program of adopted innovative measures to improve energy efficiency. The ways of development of innovation policy within the framework of improving the energy efficiency of industrial enterprises of the Samara region in accordance with the current economic situation, the problems of the industrial cluster in relation to the development of innovative activity of enterprises are given. The methodological foundations of establishing the procedure for introducing innovations in the field of energy efficiency and resource conservation, as well as an approach to choosing priority ways of developing regional procedures for planning, implementing, implementing and monitoring energy efficiency programs at industrial enterprises in the region are considered. The research materials can be used to improve the management processes of developing programs to increase energy and resource efficiency at the enterprises of the region in the conditions of current level of development of the economy of the Russian Federation in general and the Samara region in particular.

In public life and practical activity of people, uncertainty is an objective and very important and complex scientific category. In this article, one of the first attempts is made to reveal the essence of the category of economic uncertainty itself and to identify its impact on the final results of production, economic and socio-economic activities of enterprises in the region. The scientific and practical significance of uncertainty in the sphere of economic activity of enterprises is to take into account its impact on real processes to the fullest extent, as well as to best justify such types, volumes, timing and other indicators of production and sale of goods and services. Taking into account the market conditions, with the skillful use of available resources, this can bring the greatest final result to the enterprise. The completion of this study involves the theoretical justification, methodological support and practical application at industrial enterprises of a comprehensive system of scientifically based criteria, organizational and management mechanisms, planning and economic standards and indicators to reduce the impact of uncertainty and increase on this basis the efficiency of the use of production resources, primarily the labor of employees and the capital of entrepreneurs. The study reveals the essence of the category of «uncertainty» in the field of economic activity from a scientific standpoint, suggests a mechanism for reducing uncertainty in the work of industrial enterprises, provides recommendations for assessing the level of uncertainty and improving the final economic results.

The article deals with the issues of the influence of long-term financing on the technological development of the sectors of the Russian economy as a whole and its individual regions. The purpose of the study was to identify the relationship between the amount of investment, the availability of external long-term financing, and the level of technological development of economic sectors. The objectives of the study were: to identify the dynamics of commissioning and the level of renewal of fixed assets in basic industries; determination of the structure of sources of financing with the allocation of budgetary funds and a bank loan; assessment of the compliance of the volume, sufficiency and nature of financing with the requirements of the technological development of the economy. The study used general and special methods of scientific knowledge: theoretical generalization, the method of monographic research, systemic and evolutionary approaches, methods of economic analysis and statistical data processing, graphics. The information base was the data of Rosstat and its territorial departments, presented on the official websites. As a result, the following conclusions were drawn: about the discrepancy between the level of technological development of basic industries and the requirements of economic growth, which is expressed by the low dynamics of indicators of innovative development of the economy; about the inconsistency of the structure of sources of long-term financing with the needs of the technological development of economic entities; about the forced use by economic entities of their own funds (according to the author, up to 70 % against 54–55 % according to statistics) as sources of investment due to the inaccessibility of bank loans. Technological development is carried out through an active innovation and investment process, which requires not only long-term debt financing, but also low-cost funds. Such sources in Russia are budgetary funds from the federal and regional budgets, as well as funding equivalent to them from funds (modernization of industry, development of single-industry towns, etc.). Bank loans, which in developed economies are the most important source of economic development, occupy 10–11 % in Russia (twice less than budget financing). Thus, the banking system has not become a driver of technological and, more broadly, economic development. In general, the need for financing to ensure technological development is shown by all basic sectors of the economy. Directions for future research may include measures taken at the level of the Government of the Russian Federation, the Bank of Russia, and regional authorities to increase the volume of investment financing; the effectiveness of tools to reduce the cost of funds raised (in particular, bank loans); determination of a sufficient amount of financing for investment processes; decomposition of scientific and technological priorities in the territorial aspect. The conducted research and its results will be useful to scientists dealing with the problems of organizational and economic support of economic development, as well as teachers and students in economic areas.

The article is devoted to the possibility of creating a modern recreational zone near the city of Zhigulevsk, on the territory of which the formation of a tourist cluster is likely. Further, the article presents a description of the city of Zhigulevsk, which is located in the Samara region, on the banks of the Volga River. This city was founded in 1952, it is almost 70 years old. Zhigulevsk has the status of an "urban district" and is a small town with a population of 53,800 people. In accordance with the strategic goal, the urban district of Zhigulevsk should become a high-class tourist center and a «smart city» with high-tech industry, a comfortable urban environment and a favorable investment climate. The unique location conditions include the fact that Zhigulevsk is located within the boundaries of two specially protected natural areas of Federal significance – this is the Samarskaya Luka National Park and the Zhigulevsky State Natural Biosphere Reserve named after I.I. Sprygin. Diverse landscapes, picturesque relief, relic and endemic plants and animals, numerous monuments of nature and history, culture and architecture make this region an unusual territory. All this is the basis for the creation of a recreational and tourist cluster with a control center in the urban district of Zhigulevsk. This area may be attractive to investors. At present, the process of establishing this territory as a modern recreational area is being actively carried out, where it is possible to create a tourist cluster. The article points out that there are complex obstacles for the implementation of this: the infrastructure is poorly developed, most of the settlements are not well-maintained, there are not enough facilities for accommodating tourists: hotels, shelters, glampings, boarding houses, recreation centers, etc. At the same time, the Zhigulevsk urban district has competitive advantages that distinguish it from other small towns in the region and create opportunities for sustainable development in the long term. These include: a fairly developed industrial potential, high logistics capabilities, developed transport network, qualified labor resources, favorable geographical position and rich cultural traditions. All this substantiates and reveals wide opportunities for the formation of tourist and recreational potential. A brief description of domestic clusters is also given, the shortcomings of their organization and functioning are shown. Recommendations on the creation of a domestic innovation cluster are presented.

Over the past two decades, leading statesmen of the Russian Federation have emphasized that they are building a social state that has great economic security and puts the quality of life of citizens at the forefront. This is supported by the development and implementation of national projects for the development of the country in priority areas, which are planned and implemented in the form of a number of programs at different administrative levels. At the same time, the history of the world economy has shown that the development of large infrastructure projects and a number of smaller, but very long-term and non-profitable ones, turns out to be impossible without the involvement of the state as an investor or guarantor in their financing. The role of the state especially increases when it is necessary to develop the country during periods of economic downturns and exit from them. In this case, various mechanisms and tools for organizing processes and their financing can be used. One of the well-established ways of implementing state programs for the development of territories and industries is public-private cooperation. However, it is necessary to approach it from the standpoint of complexity, identifying the most popular and promising areas and forms for the implementation of specific activities in various sectors, taking into account the socio-economic situation within a particular region. It is also important to determine the most effective level of implementation of public-private cooperation projects. Based on the complexity of projects, their cost and funding opportunities in modern Russia, they have become a regional level. It is at this level that the largest number of territorial and sectoral development projects are implemented, industry clusters are created, technology parks and other points of economic growth appear. At the same time, one of the leading regions in the field of public-private partnership over the past few years has been the Samara region. The article examines the evolution of public-private partnership, the current conditions in which the mechanism of public-private partnership is developing, and also suggests directions for its further development in the Samara region.

The article discusses the theoretical and methodological foundations of clustering, which serve as the basis for a modern proactive innovation policy. The cluster-network mechanism, which is the most important tool for ensuring the innovative development of regions, is considered. The principle of regional cluster policy is singled out, aimed at progressive development by encouraging the formation of clusters in order to create a self-sustaining ecosystem that ensures economic growth and social well-being in the region. It is stated that the formation of a cluster economy is based on a set of interrelated theoretical, methodological and methodologically sound provisions revolving around the concept of a balance of economic and social interests in order to harmonize relations between regions. Strategies that can be used in the implementation of cluster policy are identified: increasing the critical mass; supporting innovation through funding, grants or other forms of financial assistance; encouragement of cooperation between cluster entities, which involves the creation of networks or platforms that facilitate the exchange of knowledge, or the holding of events and initiatives that bring together stakeholders; development of infrastructure that supports business in a particular industry or sector; creating an enabling policy environment that promotes the growth and development of clusters through a regulatory framework that supports innovation and entrepreneurship. The article substantiates the methodological groups of provisions for the creation of a cluster economy, formulated both positive (presence of modern technological and scientific infrastructure on the territory, readiness of all parties to cooperate, an effective system of interaction between various organizations), and constraining conditions (bad business climate, underdevelopment of associative structures, inadequate planning of the regional economy, neglecting the specific requirements of cluster development), necessary for the functioning of clusters. The definition of the cluster-network approach and its mechanism is also presented, as well as the various stages of the implementation of the cluster-network management model. The integral approach allows us to assess the diversity of the state of the economic system of the region with a high level of clustering. Reflected integral approach allows us to assess the diversity of the state of the economic system of the region with a high level of clustering. In addition, the article proposes a methodological approach to stimulating the cluster-network mechanism of regional development.

The innovative activity of an enterprise reflects its ability to respond to changes in the external environment through the production or development of new products, the introduction of new technologies, as well as restructuring, development of organizational systems and management systems. In practice, the innovative activity of an enterprise is manifested in the regular updating of production technologies, in the growth of investments in production and scientific developments, in the growth of expenses for training (advanced training) of personnel, etc. The result of innovation activity should be an increase in financial results and strengthening of the financial condition of the enterprise, an increase in the value of assets, a decrease in indicators of harmful effects on the environment, etc. In the article, innovative activity is considered as an important factor in the development of an enterprise that determines the dynamics of its economic indicators. The purpose of the study is to assess the impact of an organization's innovation activity on the results of its activities. The object of the study is the oil refining enterprise of Public Joint Stock Company (PJSC) «Orsknefteorgsintez», which operates on the territory of the Orenburg region. The authors analyzed the achieved results of the company's work in the current economic conditions, the directions of its innovative activity. The article presents the prospects for further development of the company, taking into account the ongoing measures to modernize and upgrade equipment, expand production. The authors showed the expected results of innovation activity in 2023, measured by indicators: financial results, volume and quality of oil refining. The information base of the study is the reporting of PJSC «Orsknefteorgsintez», specialized Internet portals for 2020–2022. The tools of empirical research are presented by statistical methods of analysis of dynamics and structure.

The presented study analyzes the foreign experience of import substitution, which made it possible to identify three types of strategies implemented with the help of state policies – the first, second and third types. In the author's scientific work, a chronological study of import substitution processes in the Russian economy is carried out, the need for an import substitution policy at various stages of economic activity is substantiated. The objectives of import substitution are defined, which are the elimination of artificial barriers, sanctions, the creation of analogues and fundamentally new domestic technologies, support and policy of economic preferences for the most vulnerable types of economic activity, the organization of R&D and the production of experimental high-tech product samples. It is revealed that in order to solve the priority tasks in the field of import substitution, it is necessary to form a set of state measures that create conditions for the creation of domestic products that are competitive on the world market and represent the basis for the modernization of the Russian economy. The policy of import substitution should be carried out systematically, using methods of public administration and regulation, economic incentives and the combined method. The types of import substitution policies have been supplemented: the policy of ensuring state sovereignty; the policy of developing strategically important sectors of the economy; the policy of forced import substitution caused by the sanctions impact on the state economy; the policy of state preferences and protectionism of the domestic sector of the economy. The paper presents models of import substitution policy implemented at the present stage, reflecting innovative and intellectual activity. It is determined that the basis of the import substitution policy at the present stage is the opposition to economic sanctions in the innovation sphere, in order to create technologies of «superiority» and advanced development.

The article examines one of the most common methods of preventive measures used by the management of most organizations – insurance. The role of this process in the risk management system of enterprises is studied, its types are considered: property, personal (employee insurance), liability insurance. The normative legal acts regulating this process are listed. A description of the risk management system in the «Center-Agent» format is proposed. This system will allow modeling systems involving multiple Agents. The company acts as a Center, the insurance company acts as Agent 1, it is also assumed that there is an Agent 2 in the system – a waste disposal company. There are information, financial and resource flows in the system. This study describes the activity of Agent 1: its functions in the system, as well as its overall functioning process. The Center acts as a decision-maker, Agents build their work on the basis of this information. The work schematically depicts the activity of Agent 1 and its relationship with the Center. Mathematical models are constructed based on the objective profit function of Agent 1, as well as a system of constraints. The first model describes the relationship between the Center and Agent 1 in the standard mode, when the company carries out the insurance process, but the insurance indemnity is not paid, since there was no risk event. The second model is designed to calculate when an emergency has occurred, since it includes compensation for damage paid by the insurance company. The resulting models are designed to predict the costs of preventive measures of the Center, they also allow you to plan the activities of Agent 1.

The problem of timely prevention of personnel risks is relevant for large industrial organizations due to a decrease in the comfort index of the organizational environment due to the socio-economic situation and ongoing organizational changes. In the article, the authors consider the problem of improving the methods of the process of releasing (dismissing) the personnel of an industrial organization in order to prevent personnel risks in modern socio-economic conditions. The purpose of the study is to develop scientific and practical recommendations for the implementation of methods for identifying and assessing personnel risks that arise in the process of personnel measures to release personnel from industrial organizations. As an empirical material, the analysis of scientific publications of Russian scientists on the research problem was carried out. Analysis of the effectiveness of the existing process of releasing the personnel of the industrial organization under study served as the basis for identifying and assessing the existing external and internal personnel risks. Based on the method of expert assessments, their significance and probability of occurrence were assessed, a profile of personnel risks was built and a personnel risk passport was formed for the release of personnel of an industrial organization. As a methodology, recommendations are presented that allow minimizing external and internal personnel risks of an industrial organization. Scientific novelty is determined by the proposed scientific and practical recommendations for improving the process of releasing personnel, ensuring the minimization of personnel risks of an industrial organization. Measures for the prevention and minimization of personnel risks in the process of dismissal (dismissal) of personnel include: development of documentation support (register and passport of personnel risks) of the process of dismissal of personnel; implementation of advanced training programs aimed at improving the managerial competence of personnel officers; annual stress monitoring and assessment of personnel risks.

In the published article, a new economic and mathematical model of the stochastic dynamics of the development of a multifactorial manufacturing enterprise is proposed, the restoration of resources of which is provided by internal investments. Forecasting the growth of output volumes, production costs, profits and depreciation deductions is described by a system of stochastic differential equations. It is shown that the dynamics of optimal development of an enterprise, within which it enters production capacities that correspond to maximum profit, correspond to effective coefficients of internal investment rates, for the calculation of which a special system of equations is established. It is shown that the choice of inefficient coefficients of internal investment rates does not allow the enterprise to ensure its maximum profit.

Анализ показателей развития сферы образования в настоящее время является важным и одним из первостепенных. Данная сфера определяет стратегию дальнейшего развития трудового потенциала отдельного региона и страны в целом, формирует устойчивые тенденции в развитии показателей социально-экономической сферы. Регулярный мониторинг результатов развития и формирование тенденций являются актуальными и практически значимыми. Изучению вопросов развития показателей сферы образования на примере данных по Приволжскому федеральному округу посвящено настоящее исследование. В работе в качестве математического инструментария использовался аппарат многомерных статистических методов. Классификация без обучения позволила выявить однородные по показателям субъекты Приволжского федерального округа. Средствами факторного анализа проведена визуализация субъектов Приволжского федерального округа, а также изучена структуризация субъектов, факторов. Субъекты Приволжского федерального округа представлены в теоретическом пространстве двух латентных факторов, что позволяет выявить долевое соотношение между изучаемыми показателями с учетом их взаимосвязи с латентными факторами. Используя компоненты матрицы факторного отображения, проведена кластеризация субъектов Приволжского федерального округа с использованием взвешенной евклидовой метрики.