Vol 13, No 3 (2022)

This study is aimed at clarifying the main reasons for the formation of consumer debt to pay for the services of housing and communal services. The subject of the study is the opinion of consumers about the quality of services and factors that reduce their payment. The purpose of this study is to identify the main reasons for non-payment of housing and communal services by consumers. To achieve the goal of the study, the following tasks were solved: the assessment of the quality of services was determined; the degree of consumer awareness was assessed; the main reasons for non-payment of services were identified. The research methodology was based on a sociological survey of consumers. For this, a quota proportional sample was used among consumers of housing and communal services in the city of Dzerzhinsk, Nizhny Novgorod region. The study was door-to-door with a given route. As a result, the following causes and factors affecting the occurrence of arrears in payment for services were identified: regular increase in tariffs; discrepancy between the price and the quality of services; lack of information about the rights and obligations of consumers in this area; low level of communication between consumers of services and performers; high need for meetings of owners of premises with representatives of housing and communal services; low income. The results of this study are of great theoretical significance for the development and formation of programs for the socio-economic development of individual municipalities, as well as for the development of strategic programs for the development of enterprises in the sphere of housing and communal services. The practical significance lies in the fact that the main stakeholders of this market, using the described methodology, can repeat the study to identify the main factors in quantitative terms that reduce the pace of sustainable development of housing and communal services and municipalities.

In modern economic conditions, the task of ensuring the effective functioning of business processes both at the level of an individual enterprise and at the regional and national levels as a whole is becoming increasingly important. Ensuring the economic development and stability of the production unit at the regional and federal levels depends directly on the quality of production and services, their compliance with modern technological requirements and consumer needs. The latest production technologies are becoming a vector of modern production sphere. Production innovations determine not only the level of technological development of an individual economic entity or region, but also the entire world order as a whole. It is worth noting that modern global challenges, sanctions, lead to the fact that the economy of the Russian Federation will have to import substitution of most of the previously imported components and goods. The need for reorientation and diversification of production will entail both the modernization of existing production facilities and the launch of completely new ones, which in turn will entail the steady growth of various sectors of the Russian economy. But it is worth noting that the total introduction of new technologies in various spheres entails significant negative consequences for society, expressed in the shortage of highly qualified specialized personnel, environmental pollution, etc.

Our country has been and remains one of the leaders in the world's energy industry. Russia's energy needs are fully met by its own resources. Annual export volume of mineral fuel, oil and petroleum products is about 600–700 million tons in conventional terms. Currently, the situation with exports is complicated by sanctions and the geopolitical situation in Russia and in the world. Only taking into account the embargo imposed by the U.S., Britain, Australia and Canada, export losses are more than 40 million tons. In addition, Russia is the world leader in proven reserves of natural gas, its volume – more than 50 billion cubic meters. At the same time, it should be noted that such high indicators and sufficient resource potential are present at an extremely low level of energy efficiency. Thus, the volume of energy costs for the production of the average Russian producer is about twice as much as the global average. On this basis, the need to improve the quality of strategic planning and to promote targeted activities in the field of energy conservation in industry in the Russian Federation becomes obvious. Such activities will have not only positive economic, but also social, political, environmental and other types of effects. The most energy-consuming branch of industry in Russia is the processing industry, which is about 30  % of all final energy consumption. Another 70 % of the energy saving potential is represented by metallurgy, chemical and oil refining and other industries.

The article compares the goals and content of the Strategy of the Leningrad region with the guidelines formed in the Decree of the President of the Russian Federation as of February 4, 2021 № 68 «On assessing the effectiveness of the activities of senior officials (heads of the highest executive bodies of state power) of the constituent entities of the Russian Federation and the activities of the executive authorities of the constituent entities of the Russian Federation». The purpose of the study is to form recommendations for correcting the Strategy of the Leningrad region in order to ensure the implementation of the goals and objectives set in accordance with the guidelines of the federal level. As a research method, the article uses diagnostics based on the author's table, which allows assessing the goals and content of regional strategies according to 20 parameters established in the Decree of the President of the Russian Federation as of February 4, 2021 № 68, and compliance with the criteria for achieving indicators: the presence of target orientation, quantitative standards, measures to achieve, resource support. The results of the study made it possible to conclude that the Strategy of the Leningrad region is inconsistent with federal standards; according to the results of diagnostics, the strategy of the region scored 36 points. As a result of the study, it was revealed that the document can be classified as a «set of events». The work also highlighted those indicators, the achievement of which is spelled out in sufficient detail in the Strategy of the region (for example, the quality of the urban environment), as well as indicators that were not taken into account when developing the document (for example, trust in authorities). The practical significance of the results obtained is determined by the possibility of their application in the practice of strategic regional forecasting and planning. The prospects for the study are to evaluate the strategies of other regions of the Russian Federation on the basis of the author's diagnostic table, in particular, the subjects of the Northwestern Federal District, and conduct a comparative study on this topic.

In modern realities, it is necessary to increase the efficiency of production and use of high-tech products of industrial enterprises. This becomes possible thanks to the implementation of a cost management system for the full life cycle of high-tech products. This system allows for a significant reduction in both financial and material costs at all stages of the life cycle of high-tech products. At the same time, the main attention is paid to the cost of the full life cycle of the sample. The purpose of the publication is to develop conceptual approaches to the construction of cost management systems at the stages of the life cycle of high-tech industrial products to minimize total (total) costs. Based on the analysis of theoretical and methodological approaches in the field of life cycle management of high-tech products, as well as foreign experience in managing the cost of high-tech products at various stages of its life cycle, the authors have developed a conceptual model of a cost management system for the life cycle of high-tech products. The proposed concept will contribute to the reform of the management system of the full life cycle of high-tech products. This will solve problems in the field of providing financial and material resources for all stages of the life cycle of high-tech products, starting with its development and ending with disposal, as well as increase the efficiency of using the life cycle management system of high-tech products of industrial enterprises. The novelty of the presented results lies in the fact that the authors for the first time from the standpoint of systematic and integrated approaches describe conceptual approaches to building a cost management system for the full life cycle of high-tech products, identify the problems of managing the operating costs of high-tech products and show the tools to solve them. This will allow a systematic approach to managing the full costs of all stages of the life cycle of high-tech products in order to minimize them.

At the present stage of economic development associated with total economic sanctions against Russia by Western countries and the United States, the importance of innovation, especially in the industrial sector, is especially relevant. In this regard, organizational and managerial innovations come to the fore, which multiply increase the efficiency of all activities of enterprises and organizations. The paper presents the approaches of scientists to the formulation of organizational and managerial innovations. It is shown that organizational and managerial innovations are used in terms of improving the efficiency of functioning. The structure of organizational and managerial innovations is presented. The study presents the concept, essence and structure of evaluating the effectiveness of organizational and managerial innovations, the parameters used for evaluation. It is determined that the issues of evaluation of organizational and managerial innovations, during the period of the functioning of Industry 4.0, are of particular importance. The complexity of this assessment is due to the fact that organizational and managerial innovations are practically not quantifiable. For their assessment, expert assessment methods are mainly used. The author's approach to assessing the effectiveness of organizational and managerial innovations is proposed in the study.

This study is devoted to the problem of ensuring a balanced innovative development of the region in the current conditions of digitalization based on the development of the most important resource of the economy – human capital. The subject of the study is the quality of human capital on the example of the selected region, as well as organizational and economic relations in terms of human capital management, aimed at achieving a balance in the development of the region. The balanced economic development of the region largely depends on the factors of interest of the economic entities themselves, both moral and material, in achieving an effective result. The main component of economic growth aimed at achieving balanced development is the human resource. Achieving a balanced development in the production, economic and environmental spheres is impossible without achieving a balance in the social aspect, where human capital occupies a key place. Considering a person as the most important factor in achieving a balanced regional development, it is necessary to identify indicators of the balanced development of human capital itself. This study assessed the quality of human capital on the example of the Russian region, the Orenburg region, from the standpoint of balance. The assessment is based on a study of three components: standard of living, education and length of years. Based on the results of the assessment, imbalances in the development of the constituent parts of the human potential of the Orenburg region were revealed: high indicators of income and education indices and a low index of longevity. The low index of longevity is explained by the presence of an imbalance in the level of development of medicine and the unhealthy lifestyle of the population of the region, which is influenced by economic and environmental components, due to the fact that the Orenburg region is an export raw material region. The study analyzed the human development indices of the Orenburg region in comparison with other regions of the Volga Federal District of Russia, established a downward trend in this indicator, which negatively affects economic development indicators and which, of course, was affected by the situation with the Covid-19 pandemic, noted the role of the influence of digital and virtual space on the level of development of human capital in the region under study, the following problems are highlighted: digital inequality, departmental nature of the introduction of information and communication technologies, insufficient development of telecommunications infrastructure in rural areas, which indicates a lack of balance in the development of information literacy of society in a digital economy. The results of the study are of theoretical and practical significance for the regional authorities in terms of developing strategic and policy documents in the field of economics, education, healthcare, aimed at improving the welfare of the population, which will create the necessary prerequisites for the formation of high-quality human capital in the region and the effective use of this resource. In the context of digital integration, when a person serves as a leading link, we consider it necessary to develop a mechanism for regulating a balanced system of health and education indicators by the regional authorities, which, in general, will help the region to reach a common trajectory of balanced innovative development.

When carrying out entrepreneurial activities, it is especially important to assess the ability of counterparties to fulfill their contractual obligations. While the counterparty carries out its activities, there is always the possibility of settling emerging disagreements, but this possibility practically disappears in the event of bankruptcy of the counterparty. Despite a fairly large number of methods for determining the propensity of an entrepreneur to bankruptcy, they do not always give accurate results. In this regard, the issue of trust in these methods is important. To solve this problem, it is advisable to use simulation modeling, which allows you to explore systems of any nature. In this scientific study, using simulation modeling, the analysis of the results of testing of various kinds, including testing enterprises for a tendency to bankruptcy, is carried out. The results of PCR testing for a new coronavirus infection are also being analyzed. The scientific novelty of the study is determined by the use of simulation modeling of the contingency table of the studied data set for the analysis of test results. The test results are presented in the form of a contingency table. With the help of simulation modeling of the contingency table, the percentage of correctly and incorrectly predicted results by the model is determined, which makes it possible to significantly improve the accuracy of test results.

The article presents an algorithm for choosing mutually agreed management decisions in the implementation of a production project, which allows orienting the interests of the project participants to the interests of the customer in order to increase the efficiency of the project task and the implementation of the project as a whole. The proposed article proposes an economic and mathematical model for choosing mutually agreed management decisions for the "customer-executor" system, taking into account various restrictions. The features of this model are considered, it is shown how an agreed mechanism for stimulating participants in the implementation of the project affects the participants pursuing their goals. Using flowcharts, the actions necessary to ensure the guaranteed result of the customer and the algorithm for the formation of mutually agreed management decisions during the implementation of production projects are shown. A solution to the problem of choosing such coordinated management decisions that will be optimal for all project participants is obtained, taking into account the fact that each of the participants pursues their own goals, which do not always coincide with the goals of the customer. As a result, the scheme proposed in this article for choosing mutually agreed management decisions in the implementation of a production order allows directing the interests of individual project participants to the interests of the customer, thereby increasing the efficiency of the system as a whole.