Vol 14, No 2 (2023)
ECONOMICS
Innovative methods for cyber threats prevention to ensure the economic security of organizations
Abstract
The article presents the results of a study of theoretical, methodological, institutional, technical and legal aspects of the problem of preventing cybersecurity threats in the organization, which occupy a crucial place in the system of economic security. The authors identified and described the main cyber threats in the company. These could include: the spread of computer viruses, the declassification of information that is important to the organization, data theft through competitive intelligence methods, unintentional mistakes of employees, which subsequently led to technical failures in the software. Possible negative consequences were also identified. As they were presented as the following: reduction of the organization's income from loss of profit, dissemination of confidential information and trade secrets, undermining of public opinion and reduction of the company's credibility, loss of customers. The paper considered the most common types of cyberattacks, which include DDoS-attack, phishing, malware, social engineering, smishing, data leakage, Brute-force. The authors present the results of an analysis of statistical data for 2021 and 2022 on the number of leaks, their distribution by perpetrator, by victim category among organizations. Based on the questionnaire developed by the authors, a survey was conducted to identify the main threats to cybersecurity in the organization. The article developed and proposed a list of measures to neutralize and minimize cyber threats in the company, which is legitimate to consider as innovative methods of their prevention to ensure economic security. The basis of measures to prevent cyber threats included the following: constant assessment of possible risks and timely updating of information bases and systems, the introduction of an active training program for employees of the organization, the creation of a plan to respond to cyber-attacks. Scientific works of domestic and foreign scientists were used as an information base for writing this article. In addition, the authors referred to data from the InfoWatch Center for Expert Analysis, FBK CyberSecurity and Positive Technologies.
7-16
The role of the gross regional product in forming the standard of living in the regions of the Volga Federal District
Abstract
Russia is characterized by differences in the level of development of regions, the quality of life of the population. According to the World Bank, Russia ranks third in the world in terms of regional inequality. The quality of life is one of the most important indicators recognized by the UN, characterizing the level of development of countries and nations. For Russia, the issue of assessing the quality of life in the regions under the current sanctions conditions is of particular importance. The purpose of the study is to study the role and significance of GRP in the socio-economic development of regions, in shaping the standard of living of the population, and to establish the relationship between GRP and other indicators. In the absence of a unified methodology, the RIRATING rating agency conducts a quality of life rating based on more than 70 indicators, but this list does not include GRP. The peculiarity of the author's approach: GRP is considered as the most important, initial indicator, on the value of which the standard of living of the population depends. The information base of the study was the data of the rating agency, methods were used: analysis and synthesis, grouping, comparison, collation, index, tabular, generalization, etc. The study established the impact of GRP on the quality of life. At the same time, high GRP values do not indicate the efficiency of the region's economy; they do not in themselves provide a high standard of living for the population, since the quality of life is a whole range of interrelated indicators.
17-24
Applying lean principles to innovation management
Abstract
The innovative potential of the organization is increasingly becoming one of the key factors of competitive advantage. The philosophy of lean manufacturing has a well-established reputation for its focus on process efficiency and is therefore often applied in various areas of innovation. This broad and growing applicability has resulted in a large body of literature on lean innovation. The purpose of this article is to conceptualize an integrative view of Lean Innovation Management. Based on a systematic review of the literature, key principles and practices of lean manufacturing that are useful in the context of innovation management are identified and combined into a comprehensive framework. Five aspects of lean innovation are identified: coaching, learning culture, collaborative organizational structure, collaborative external networks and learning procedures), which reflect the structure of the relationship between lean manufacturing and innovation. Contributing to the current socio-technical concept of lean, this study brings together the literature into a comprehensive framework of cultural, relational, organizational, technical, and leadership qualities. Future research may focus on the Lean Innovation Management transformation process and how it can be monitored and evaluated according to management maturity levels or organization development stages.
25-34
Analysis of the implementation of the cluster approach in the Russian economy in modern conditions
Abstract
The Russian economy is currently under significant pressure from various challenges that determine the need for an appropriate response, the basis of which is the intensification of innovative development, primarily in priority sectors. The effectiveness of innovation processes is largely determined by the existing infrastructure that provides the necessary traffic of innovative ideas at all stages from generation to implementation to end users. In this regard, the urgency of creating the necessary structural solutions that ensure the interaction of participants in innovation processes, among which the cluster is one of the priorities, is increasing. Domestic practice shows that active state support for the creation and functioning of clusters is not proportional to the achieved result, which determines the need to identify existing "bottlenecks" in the implementation of the cluster approach in Russia, leveling the efforts made, and identification of possible solutions. The purpose of the article is to identify the main trends and specifics of the cluster approach implemented in the Russian economy, and to identify the most important directions of its development, taking into account existing needs. Based on the data analysis, the dynamics and structure of clusters created in our country are determined, including in the context of regional differentiation, specific features of clusters functioning on the territory of our state are identified. Based on practical cases, the necessity of transformation of the cluster approach is justified, characterized by a shift in emphasis from the territorial aspect to the sectoral one. Thus, the scientific novelty of the presented research is the confirmation of the existing readiness and need for the development of the cluster approach implemented in Russian practice, and the shift of focus towards the sectoral aspect, in connection with which the role of the so-called national clusters is justified and their classification into sectoral and intersectoral clusters is proposed, which will contribute to achieving higher and faster results of innovative development of the Russian economy
35-46
Purpose of the largest investment projects of system-forming enterprises of the Samara region in 2018–2019 and prospective investment projects in 2021–2030
Abstract
The article considers the directions, goals and types of investment development of the backbone enterprises of the Samara region, determined on the basis of data obtained as a result of a survey of the heads of enterprises. Enterprises whose projects were analyzed in the course of the study by type of economic activity belong in the majority to section C «Manufacturing» of the OKVED. The study analyzes the largest investment projects of the backbone enterprises of the region in 2018-2019 and promising investment projects in 2021-2030. During the analysis, the following areas of investment of enterprise projects were considered: new construction, re-profiling of existing business, including the development of new products, reconstruction and modernization of existing business, including the development of new technologies. During the analysis, the following objectives of investment projects of enterprises are considered: increasing the profitability of the enterprise, increasing the share of the enterprise in the market, entering new markets for products, reducing costs, reducing economic risks, increasing the competitiveness of the enterprise and controlling the existing market. The analysis identifies several key types of innovations used in the implementation of investment projects to achieve the goals of the latter: product, technological, digital technologies. The above directions, goals and types of investments according to the results of the survey of enterprises are recognized as relevant in the implementation of investment projects by most enterprises. The analysis of the directions, goals and types of investment was carried out, on the basis of which the matrices «Directions-Goals» and «Types-Goals» were compiled. Based on the analysis of the results, the directions, key goals and types of investment development of the backbone enterprises of the Samara region are determined. Reconstruction and modernization of the existing business, including the development of new technologies, are recognized as the main direction of investments of the backbone enterprises of the region. The key goal of the investment projects of the backbone enterprises of the region is to increase the share of the enterprise in the market. Most of the investments of the backbone enterprises of the region were directed to the renewal of fixed assets, including the technical re-equipment of production.
47-54
Prospects of lean production in the oil and gas industry
Abstract
The paper considers the problem of lean manufacturing in the oil and gas industry. Oil-producing enterprises have no experience in using lean manufacturing, but it seems to be cost-effective. Now the introduction of resource-saving technologies at the enterprises of the oil and gas industry, including lean manufacturing, is relevant. The purpose of the article is to develop recommendations for promising directions for the development of lean manufacturing in the oil and gas industry. The current state of the oil and gas sector of the economy in the world and in the Russian Federation has been studied. The importance of the issues of the concept, philosophy and tools of lean production in the works of domestic and foreign scientists is noted. The distinctive features and goals taken into account when implementing the concept of lean production in the oil and gas industry are highlighted. Lean manufacturing tools and methods that are actively used in the oil and gas industry are presented. The article also tells about the experience of implementing lean manufacturing at a machine-building enterprise in Moscow. Orenburg – JSC «Drilling Equipment Plant», engaged in the development of drilling equipment and tools for the oil and gas industry. In order to develop lean production in this industry, it was proposed to use lean oil refining, which makes it possible to ensure the competition of Russian oil refineries efficiently and at low costs. Considerable attention is paid to the implementation of strategic management, which enables enterprises to adapt to changes in the external environment in a timely manner and achieve sustainable competitive advantages. The use of the latest resource-saving strategies is of practical importance, they will allow enterprises to achieve sustainable competitive advantages for long-term survival and achievement of their goals.
55-63
SWOT-analysis of tools to counter shadow in small and medium-sized businesses
Abstract
A.A. Lobanov
Saint Petersburg University of the Russian Interior Ministry, Saint Petersburg, Russian Federation
E-mail: 79062443893@yandex.ru. ORCID: http://orcid.org/0000-0003-0590-6314
Abstract: In this article, the author conducted an analytical study of existing tools for countering shadow economic phenomena in small and medium-sized businesses through SWOT analysis. To conduct a study of tools for countering shadow economic phenomena in small and medium-sized businesses through the use of SWOT analysis, the author selected four tools for state regulation of entrepreneurial activity, such as: strengthening product quality control; simplifying the procedure for registration of economic entities, reducing the number of activities requiring licensing and anti-corruption tools. The purpose of the study is to identify and establish the significance of strengths and weaknesses of various tools for countering shadow economic phenomena in small and medium-sized businesses. Also, in order to identify the resource base, the direction of measures to regulate the processes of shadowization, identify threats and opportunities for strategic decision-making in terms of choosing tools to counter shadow economic phenomena, a SWOT analysis of each tool separately was carried out and the main characteristics were identified. The study is planned and conducted in three stages. At the first stage, a SWOT matrix was compiled for tools to counter shadow economic phenomena. Next, a process of cross-evaluation of strengths and weaknesses, opportunities and threats was carried out. At this stage, the level of significance is estimated from the highest to the lowest, and then the assessment of each specified tool for countering shadow economic phenomena is calculated. And the third stage carried out an assessment of the significance of each factor, and further, these tools for countering shadow economic phenomena are ranked by the degree of significance from the largest to the smallest. In conclusion, based on the SWOT analysis, conclusions are formed about the degree of significance of the studied tools for countering shadow economic phenomena. The analysis of the tools for combating the shadow economy suggests that the most significant tools for countering the shadow economy include such as reducing the number of activities requiring licensing, as well as anti-corruption tools.
64-72
Regional mechanism for managing the sustainable development of an industrial enterprise
Abstract
The article describes an approach to the analysis and management of sustainable development of industrial enterprises and presents a comprehensive strategy for the analysis and management of sustainable development within an industrial enterprise. A control mechanism is presented that is crucial for determining the result of a controlled object and which can be used in a control system. The mechanism for managing the sustainable development of an industrial enterprise is a comprehensive and systematic approach that includes several stages. Various types of enterprise sustainability are considered: economic – as its ability to generate profit and remain financially viable in the long term; social – as its ability to work in a way that benefits society as a whole, including its employees, customers and the communities in which it operates; environmental – as the efforts of a company or organization to minimize the negative impact on the environment while ensuring long-term economic viability; risk – as the ability of a business to identify, manage and mitigate various types of risks in such a way as to ensure long-term viability and sustainable growth. The results of this assessment of the level of sustainable development serve as the basis for the development of management decisions and recommendations for the next stage, which may include adjustments to the foundations of sustainable development management. The principles of sustainable development of an industrial enterprise are formulated: environmental responsibility, social responsibility, economic responsibility, innovation, continuous improvement, cooperation, transparency. The article presents methods for managing the sustainable development of an industrial enterprise: developing and implementing a sustainable development policy, conducting a sustainable development assessment, sustainable supply chain management, environmental impact assessment, implementing an environmental management system, eco-design, implementing an energy management system, life cycle assessment, corporate social responsibility, investment in employee training. A regional approach is proposed, as well as a methodology for assessing the levels of sustainable development using qualitative and quantitative indicators. The principles of sustainable development management are outlined.
73-80
Clustering of creative industries in the development of regional economy
Abstract
The relevance of the study is related to the definition of the concepts of «creative industries», «creative economy», «cluster of creative industries», which have entered the Russian reality together with national goals and strategic directions for the development of the domestic economy for the period up to 2030, providing new guidelines for the development of entrepreneurship, employment, and requiring state support measures. The purpose of the research is to determine the essence and main characteristics of clusters of creative industries in the regional economy. The objectives of the study are closely related to the hypothesis that the study and definition of economic activities corresponding to creative industries will allow an adequate assessment of the indicators and trends in the development of the creative economy in the Russian Federation as a whole and its individual territories. To conduct research, we used scientific methods that allowed us to quantify and qualitatively assess the essence of creative industries. The use of methods of deduction and induction, statistical analysis allowed us to differentiate the types of economic activities that characterize the directions of development of creative industries, and to identify trends in their economic development. The practical aspect of the research results is an integrated approach and the formation of the content and characteristics of the creative industries as a new sector in the national and regional economy.
81-90
The impact of sectoral polarization shifts on economic growth in the regional aspect
Abstract
Economic science has been studying polarization features in the socio-economic development of territories for a long time. However, the current state of economic, political, social and other processes contributes to the strengthening of the gap in key economic indicators in the global space, subjects and industries provoking a strong asymmetry of socio-economic development of the regions of Russia. The purpose of the research is to study trends in the manifestation of polarization shifts and explain spatial heterogeneity in order to form conceptual approaches to the qualitative achievement of equilibrium in a single economic space. The objectives of the study are closely related to the study of the emerging imbalance in the strategic development programs of the subjects, the level and sources of financial flows, the distribution of labor resources, the level of the social situation and other important areas of economic activity of the territories. To conduct research, we compiled approaches to the analysis of indicators of socio-economic development, changing methods and approaches to the formation of key indicators, identified concentration zones in the intersubject space of the leading complexes of the country's economy. Fundamental research and scientific methods confirm the manifestation of the phenomenon of increasing spatial polarization characteristic of developing countries, in view of the active search and use of competitive advantages to stimulate the economic development of their territories. The domestic economy, traditionally characterized by a high level of spatial polarization, has faced a significant increase in this phenomenon in recent decades. The result of the research is the formation of a new concept for the development of tools and mechanisms for smoothing the socio-economic disunity of the territory, acting as a target for the systemic development of the economic space. New mechanisms should be incorporated into the roadmaps of strategic development of territories. We have studied not only the specifics of transformational processes leading to polarizing shifts in the sectoral and regional economies, but also identified the priority tasks of leveling asymmetric manifestations of socio-economic development. At the same time, current trends in the distribution of accents in the study of classical indicators of the analysis of socio-economic development of regions were formed and trends reflecting the current state of the world economic system were proposed for study.
91-100
Systematization of industrial innovation management based on the project approach
Abstract
Innovative development of the economy in general, and industry in particular, is one of the key priorities of state policy today. It is also aimed at stimulating and encouraging strategic project initiatives and increasing the innovative activity of enterprises. The solution of topical issues related to innovative developments and project activities in modern conditions is assigned mainly to large industrial enterprises, state corporations, research organizations, as well as young initiatives in the form of startups and other project forms. It is manufacturing innovations that are becoming most important now, as they are a fundamental factor of competitiveness and may be of strategic importance for industrial production. Purposeful search for ideas, conducting scientific research, active development, timely technical and informational support and updating, orientation and readiness for structural changes and the influence of the external environment, allow an industrial enterprise to successfully develop in the field of innovation. It is important to ensure and organize the internal organizational environment. Thus, the implementation of an enterprise's innovation policy should be based on competent system management, in a certain way, delimiting and designating the areas of responsibility of departments and specialists. The technical department, in this case, solves the tasks of activating innovation activity based on selected key strategically important decisions, purposefully established in the innovation policy of the enterprise. Managers should be responsible for using up-to-date regulated approaches to activating the system management of this activity. Technological solutions obtained in the process of R&D must be effectively introduced into production or commercialized, but, of course, not every idea is justified and finds application on the planned scale. Many innovations do not reach the implementation stage and are rejected at the first stages of design work, and some are implemented, but are ineffective, which is associated with a poorly developed or unproductive management system, and this, in turn, leads to suboptimal expenditure of funds, time and other production resources. This implies the need to systematize the management of production innovations.
101-107
Principles and tools for ensuring integrated sustainable development of the industrial complex of the Russian Federation
Abstract
The importance of studying the problems related to the sustainable development and functioning of the Russian industrial complex comes from a large number of reasons, not only economic, but also political, social, environmental and others. They, in turn, are based on new management paradigms associated with networking and increasing the adaptability of macro and microsystems necessary to adapt to new conditions and continuously changing factors of the external and internal environment, which include innovative technologies, digitalization, general technological progress, as well as general economic instability. The concept of sustainability in this case is the most important criterion reflecting stability, continuity, as well as providing a significant share of the efficiency of the production and economic system. An integrated approach to its study in the context of sustainable development is based on the duality of the state of the system: stable and unstable. In a general sense, stability describes such a state of the studied object that ensures the immutability of its main indicators and properties over time. The state of instability, on the contrary, is described as the lack of an object's ability to realize its functions and capabilities, the loss of positive properties and characteristics due to negative exo- and endogenous effects. Proceeding from the fact that the process of functioning of the production and economic system is always associated with a large number of risk factors, it becomes necessary to determine the critical point – the «point of no return», after the fall of the characteristics of the system, to which its change begins, splitting into components and transformation into another. Thus, an integrated approach makes it possible to determine in a timely manner the cause-and-effect relationships between the stable and unstable state of the system and its current characteristics, but at the same time questions remain related to the possibilities and prerequisites for the transition of the system to one of these states.
108-113
The role of technoparks in the development of innovation activity and strengthening the technological sovereignty of Russia
Abstract
At present, one of the priority goals for the development of the Russian economy is to stimulate domestic innovative developments in industry to ensure the country's technological sovereignty. Strengthening technological sovereignty, ensuring the outstripping growth of industry is one of the tasks set by the Presidents of the Russian Federation to overcome the impact of international sanctions. Technoparks, as objects of innovation infrastructure, are one of the effective forms of supporting industry in the regions and stimulating innovation. This determines the relevance of the present study. Target. Determination of the role, place and effectiveness of technoparks in solving problems of enhancing innovation and strengthening the technological sovereignty of Russia in the context of international sanctions. Tasks. Identification of priority areas for ensuring technological sovereignty. Determination of the constituent elements of the innovation environment and consideration of technology parks as objects of innovation infrastructure. Study of the performance of Russian technology parks in the direction of the implementation of innovative projects for the development of industry. Methodology. The study presented in the article was carried out using such general scientific methods as analysis and synthesis, scientific generalization. Results. The priority areas for strengthening technological sovereignty proposed by the Government of the Russian Federation were studied, and a study was made of the activities of Russian technology parks in the implementation of innovative projects, including those in the selected areas of technological sovereignty, which is necessary when implementing the import substitution policy in the context of international sanctions. Conclusions. The technopark is a particularly important object of innovation infrastructure in the context of implementing the import substitution policy, developing domestic industrial production and ensuring technological sovereignty.
114-124
The impact of the monetary policy of the Federal Reserve System of the United States on world oil prices
Abstract
The relevance of the presented scientific research lies in the search for new data on foreign economic factors that can change world oil prices. The purpose of the study is to predict the prices of Brent crude oil based on the impact of new external economic factors, because the influence of supply and demand in the energy market has significantly weakened. To achieve the purpose of the study, the following tasks were solved: the theoretical foundations of the oil market were considered; a methodological approach to forecasting world oil prices was selected; as a result, an equation of multiple linear regression with independent variables in the form of indicators of the monetary policy of the United States is constructed, which makes it possible to make a forecast of world oil prices. The research involves general and special scientific methods: analysis, synthesis, monographic, statistical (graphical, tabular, centered moving average method, correlation and regression analysis). The scientific novelty of the study is as follows: based on statistical data on Brent crude oil prices, the effective federal funds rate of the US Federal Reserve, the M2 monetary aggregate in the US, the US dollar index, the US core personal consumption expenditure price index, the unemployment rate in the US for the period January 2014 – January 2023, the equation is constructed multiple linear regression with the function of forecasting Brent crude oil prices. The above equation of multiple linear regression reflects the noticeable influence of the monetary policy of the US Federal Reserve System on world oil prices.
125-132
Institutional structure and state regulation of NIS
Abstract
Сurrent geopolitical situation caused by unfriendly policies and sanctions against Russia by the states of Western Europe and the United States are the main reasons for the preservation and development of its state sovereignty, further improvement of innovation policy. In addition to the above, we can add the withdrawal of foreign companies from the Russian market, the ban on the supply of Russian high-tech products to foreign markets, the instability of the economic situation in domestic markets, in terms of import substitution of products and the reorientation of the Russian economy to the markets of Southeast Asia and China. Taking into account the modern transformation processes taking place in the domestic innovation market, a special role is assigned to the National Innovation System (NIS), consisting of a complex of interrelated business entities and institutional organizations interacting with each other in the process of innovation. The main element of the NIS is the state, which ensures the functioning and comprehensive support of innovation activities, as well as the formation of its strategic priorities, monitoring and coordination. The functions of state power to regulate economic development in the field of innovation, at the stage of formation and functioning of the NIS, are represented by organizational and financial support, the creation of incentives and conditions for the organization and implementation of innovative activities by business entities. With the targeted support of the state, the institutional structures of NIS are able to: increase the volume of modern high-tech technologies and high-tech industries, increase the output of competitive innovative products, stimulate the construction of innovative infrastructure and, in general, increase the level of development of the Russian economy. State regulation of innovation activity includes two management subsystems: the first one serves to ensure direct management of innovation activities, by virtue of its authority, and the second is intended for state regulation of innovations carried out by large corporations, high-tech enterprises, due to the importance of their activities for the state. As a scientific increment of the research results, the authors introduce the concept of «institutional mechanism of NIS development», with the integration of key areas of development. The most important function of this mechanism is the scientific, industrial and technological sphere, using intellectual property and artificial intelligence technologies implemented in national technoparks, regional innovation centers, territories of advanced development of high technologies.
133-143
STATE AND MUNICIPAL ADMINISTRATION
To the question of the need to strengthen the role of municipal administration in the realization of spatial potential of small enterprises
Abstract
The sector of small and medium-sized enterprises (SMEs) traditionally refers to potential points of innovative growth that can play a key role in the modernization of the national economy. The current transition to spatial research has led to the study of new aspects. The publication reveals the features of the implementation of the spatial potential of small and medium-sized enterprises in terms of resource capabilities and the quality of public administration at the regional and municipal level. This aspect is relevant in view of the upcoming reform of local self-government, which implies significant qualitative changes in the management system. The purpose of the study is to substantiate the need to strengthen the role of municipal management in the spatial development of small enterprises as a result of the planned reform of local self–government. The paper presents the updated author's structuring of the economic space on the basis of existing documents of a strategic nature. The main directions of regulating the spatial development of SMEs are analyzed on the example of the Samara region (allocation of priority regions and territories, development of depressed territories, development of non-agglomeration territories, cluster interaction), as well as gaps in regulation and support at the municipal level are identified. An updated list of strategic documents on the development of small enterprises operating in the Samara region has been compiled. The spatial and territorial organization of small enterprises is reflected in the documents of the Samara region. Legislative innovations are aimed at more active involvement of the municipal level of public authorities in the development of the local economic space. The proposed powers of the public authority at the municipal level include its own, redistributed and voluntary. However, the issues of resource provision of the powers proposed for implementation come first. Based on the results of the work, a number of additions to the draft law «On the general principles of the organization of local self-government in a unified system of public authority» concerning the municipal level of regulation and support of SME activities have been substantiated. By way of discussion, the article assesses the possible impact of the main innovations proposed in the draft law on the activities of SMEs.
144-154
MANAGEMENT
The importance of brand positioning and current methods of brand promotion of an organization
Abstract
The article examines the role and influence of branding on the corporate image of the company. Special attention is paid to the importance of the brand positioning process for creating a positive reputation of the company. The definition, key goals, tasks and functions of the concept of branding are considered. The components that create individuality, such as the value and philosophy of the company, are given, the circumstances that affect the image of the organization are analyzed. The steps for the positive positioning of the company are analyzed. The article contains information about current methods of promoting organizations. The relevance is explained by the fact that in the modern world an organization that does not have a recognizable brand has minimal chances in the market. The purpose of the work is to consider the actual methods of promoting the organization on the example of Russian companies. If earlier the slogan, goals and objectives, the mission of the company created the name of the product, today all these factors create an internal and external environment. Having studied the main ways of promotion in the form of ATL, BTL and TTL communications and their content, a conclusion is formed that those companies that use trending methods of advertising, PR and working with the audience are relevant in the market. Also, the article discusses current methods of promoting the organization's brand on the example of well-known Russian companies: «Tinkoff», «Dodo Pizza», «Fragrance Library», «Kinopoisk». It was in these companies that the brand was formed through the introduction of such relevant methods as content management, podcasts and partnerships into the system. Having considered specific examples, the purpose of the article is confirmed by the following conclusion, which suggests that the choice and application of promotion methods depends on many aspects, but for the result it is necessary to focus on trends, the experience of competitors and their shortcomings, which can be eliminated by creating your own individual product.
155-163
HUMANE RESOURCES MANAGEMENT
Application of the MVP (minimum viable product) approach for justifying the effectiveness of HR-analytics implementation
Abstract
This article discusses the problem of implementing HR analytics in a company, namely the problem of the evidence base for the effectiveness of tools, methods and the overall system of HR analytics. There are many approaches to justification: peer review, someone else's experience, experiment, empirical way. The authors have developed an approach that allows you to prepare material for a business case for the introduction of HR analytics tools. The material is evidence of the effectiveness of HR analytics tools based on our own experience in implementing the Minimum Viable Product (MVP). This approach was borrowed from innovation management. Using the example of HR-analytics in the recruitment system, the efficiency of the MVP approach is demonstrated. Among the tools of HR-analytics the «funnel» of recruitment, calculation of recruitment costs and analysis of recruitment sources were considered. Improving the efficiency of recruitment service is substantiated by the authors through two indicators: reducing time costs, minimizing recruitment costs. Having calculated the effect of the proposed tools, it is proposed to calculate the efficiency through costs and results. Important in this work is the presence of practical experience in applying the MVP approach to substantiate the effectiveness of HR analytics in the recruitment system in a company. The example used the experience of a pharmaceutical company, which, after implementing the Minimum Viable Product in the form of several HR analytics tools, saw reserves for improving the efficiency of the recruitment system. HR analytics of the market for products and services for HR managers is an additional key to improving the efficiency of the recruitment system, it can increase the effective efficiency, which is also important to remember. The article reviewed the work of Dirk Jonker, programs, products for personnel managers (Talantiks and Pulse), services of job sites. The authors propose HR metrics and formulas for calculating the main and most important selection indicators, and also describe in detail the key HR analytics tools that anyone who has read the article can use.
164-170
Competitiveness in the labor market
Abstract
The article analyzes the main trends in the competitiveness of specialists in the labor market, relevant at this stage of development of the Russian economy. The changes that have taken place and the further prospects for the development of this field of activity of enterprises at the global level are considered in detail. As in previous years, 2023 is witnessing the transformation of Russian business, along with serious technological, socio-cultural and economic changes, and, consequently, with specialties in demand on the labor market. Such changes take place in parallel with new methods of competitiveness management. This includes data management programs for all interested parties to attract highly qualified specialists, their organizational readiness to use new technologies, which professionals must solve. Overcoming any problems related to the competitiveness of the personnel of organizations lies in their ability and skills to work in a certain field of activity, since employees must cope with the business tasks assigned to them. The article reveals how terminologically the competitiveness of specialists can be used in the labor market and how it depends on its development. Against this background, the application of information technologies is considered, which affect the choice of the proposed vacancies and are used for direct and feedback communication between employers and applicants in the form of search and transmission of information. The obvious advantage of using information technologies is their accessibility, where you can use the online mode when interviewing for a vacant position, if the applicant is unable to attend in person due to certain circumstances. At the same time, with the help of these technologies, an employer can use additional materials in the form of presentations, audio and video materials about his company or a specific place of work to attract qualified specialists to it.
171-179
Human capital as a fundamental factor in innovative transformations and management at the regional level
Abstract
The article considers the process of introducing innovative technologies and modernizing production. A systematic analysis of national economies during the modernization of technological structures is presented. It is substantiated that the condition for the emergence of a stable demand for innovations is the process of total modernization of production. Historically, the increased efficiency of the work of innovative active local networks based in regions, which are characterized by a certain set of favorable conditions for innovative activity, has been proven. The need is identified for the distribution of the interstate system of suppliers of components for manufactured products on the one hand and the zoning of various elements of production on the other. The importance of innovative changes in the regional economy, the need for industrial reorganization in accordance with the principles of Industry 4.0 and the subsequent internal reorganization of the enterprise, especially in the approach to human capital, are shown. Fundamentally different processes in the study of digitalization and digital transformation are revealed. From a historical and economic point of view, the concept of human capital is considered from the position of a determining factor of an innovative economic system. The classification of human capital has been expanded, taking into account the regional level. The characteristics of positive and negative human capital are revealed. It has been proved that in order to achieve a positive effect of human capital, it is necessary to initially form an innovative strategy that includes algorithms for investing in human potential. The features and structure of human capital are revealed with the addition of the element of possessing environmentally significant information. The analysis of academic sources significant in economics, offering various conceptual approaches to the study of human capital, has been carried out.
180-186
MATHEMATICAL AND INSTRUMENTAL METHODS OF ECONOMICS
Application of methods of economic cybernetics to the design of a sports financing model
Abstract
One of the priority directions of the state policy is the development of the sphere of physical culture and sports as a significant branch of national economy and socio-economic practice of effective management. In the current economic conditions, on the one hand, there are tendencies to increase commercialization in the sports industry. On the other hand, the need for financial support, diversification of sources and modernization of the sports financing model, increasing the effectiveness of public-private partnership mechanisms, and developing state order tools in order to achieve sustainable industry dynamics are announced. The severity and unresolved financial and economic problems of sports development determined the choice of the direction of this study and its relevance. In the process of research based on the synthesis of system and process approaches, we used methods of economic cybernetics, organization theory, construction of structural-information decision-making schemes using analytical assessments, tools of structural-logical and criteria analysis, methodological approaches of unit economics. As a result, the poly-subject environment of the industry ecosystem was determined, a conceptual approach to the formation of the financial model of sports was developed, the structural and functional space of the ecosystem business model was designed taking into account its digital component, sources, business processes and alternative financing objects were identified, a set of model parameters and infrastructure components were developed.
187-196
Stochastic models of the dynamics of the maximum and optimal profit of a manufacturing enterprise introducing technological innovations
Abstract
The published article presents new stochastic models that describe the dynamics of profit formation in manufacturing enterprises using innovative technologies. The dependence of the enterprise's profit not only on the level of production (transformation) costs, but also on the level of non-production (transactional) costs resulting from the search and processing of economic information, financing of negotiation procedures, conclusion of contracts with partners, protection of property rights and payment for opportunistic behavior has been studied. employees and management of the company. It has been established that in order to find the optimal values of profit, it is necessary to maximize not only the profit function, but also the target transactional utility function that redistributes the profit of the enterprise, both in the interests of management and for the implementation of socially oriented programs. It is shown that the presence of transaction costs makes it unattainable for an enterprise to obtain the maximum possible value of profit, instead of which it is necessary to limit itself to its lower optimal value. For indicators of innovative transformations in the production of an enterprise that affect the increase in output and reduce costs, stochastic differential equations are established, random solutions of which describe the stochastic diffusion process of introducing technological innovations. Algorithms for the numerical solution of the stochastic differential equations of the model are constructed using the Euler–Maruyama method, according to which each of their implementations is a stochastic trajectory of random functions of indicators of the dynamics of the development of manufacturing enterprises. For the mathematical expectations of the considered random functions, the corresponding differential equations are obtained. Numerical analysis of the developed model showed that taking into account the external random perturbing factor in the stochastic model leads to significant deviations from the deterministic model of the profit formation dynamics of manufacturing enterprises.
197-213
Principles of market mechanism management in the digital economy. The intensity of the flow of the logistics chain
Abstract
The object of research in this article is the market mechanism of management of socio-economic systems. The subject is the study of the stability of the functioning of the market mechanism. The market mechanism is able to solve tactical issues in the management of socio-economic processes and is not able to solve strategic tasks that ensure the sustainable development of the state (military, social and economic security). Therefore, under certain conditions, regulation of market processes by the state is required. Today, unfortunately, these issues are solved by trial and error, which leads to large socio-economic losses. The author suggests using the method of mathematical modeling using information technology (digital economy) to solve these problems. The optimal variant of the market management process is the condition when demand is equal to supply, i.e. the controlling effect on the market is zero. However, this is an unlikely event, since there is no planning mechanism in the market. Therefore, a large error occurs in the management system of the market mechanism, which leads to a violation of the stability of the system. Particular attention is paid to the development of a mathematical model of the functioning of the market mechanism. The methodological basis of the study was the "black box" method using mathematical modeling of the market mechanism as a system with 100% negative feedback. The application of this method enabled the author to investigate the behavior of the market mechanism for stability. The main scientific results of the study are to obtain transitional characteristics of the market process.
The study of the stable functioning of the market mechanism was carried out using modeling based on the Mathcad computer mathematics system. In the work, criteria for assessing the stability of the market mechanism under various parameters of the socio-economic environment were obtained. The research was based on the method of mathematical modeling to determine the optimal parameters of the stability of the system. The scientific novelty of the work is to determine the stability of the functioning of the market mechanism. The parameters of effective market management are determined. The most responsive parameters affecting the stability of the functioning of the market mechanism are the frequency and attenuation coefficient of the process.
214-222