Vestnik of Samara University. Economics and Management

The past few decades by the emergence of such crises in the economic and social sphere of society, which resulted in economic supply shocks have been marked. Previously extremely rare, they have shifted the focus to the relevance of research on macroeconomic processes affected by shocks of this nature, not only in economic theory, but also in mathematical modelling. As a result of the analysis of already known macroeconomic models, it was revealed that the impact of external economic shocks on the main indicators of macroeconomics can have both negative and positive effects on economic growth. The purpose of the study is to build and analyze a dynamic optimization model, as well as recommendations for developing an optimal economic policy strategy. The article contains a description of the formulation and mathematical formalization of the macroeconomic task of levelling social damage from the impact of an external economic supply shock on the inflationary process and the unemployment rate. The connection between the two latter processes is established on the basis of the equation of the modified Phillips curve, supplemented by inflationary expectations, assuming a short-term perspective. The corresponding to this task economic and mathematical model is classified as an optimization model and represents the task of finding the conditional minimum of the loss functional. The article describes the qualitative analysis of this model, carried out using the methods of calculus of variations, formulas describing the dynamics of the above-mentioned macroeconomic indicators are obtained, a formula is derived for finding the level of inflation expectations at each moment of the time period under consideration. The obtained results of the mathematical model study are interpreted economically, while special attention is paid to the analysis of the impact of the external supply shock on these indicators.

The article offers the author’s view on the formation of an economic and mathematical model that takes into account the influence of the innovative potential of an enterprise on the dynamics of growth in the volume of output, taking into account a number of production factors characteristic of a manufacturing enterprise. The proposed economic and mathematical model allows us to take into account the mutual influence of both the product potential of an industrial enterprise and its process and innovation potential. In its structure, the economic and mathematical model proposed by the authors is presented in the form of a system of differential equations that takes into account the volume of resources of various types available to an industrial enterprise, as well as the functions of its innovative potential and indicator functions that characterize the process of managing the processes of using the innovative potential available to an industrial enterprise. The work displays several options for assessing the process of forming the innovative potential of an industrial enterprise, taking into account different combinations of possible product and process technological innovations. The economic and mathematical model proposed by the authors for taking into account the influence of the innovative potential of an enterprise on the dynamics of growth in the volume of manufactured products provides for an alternative approach to the formation of the innovative potential of an industrial enterprise: either the innovative potential of an industrial enterprise is formed through the introduction of product technological innovations, implying the introduction of new goods to the consumer market with an additional set of product characteristics, or innovative potential is formed on the basis of the use of innovations in the field of organizational sphere: production organization and labor organization. The authors proposed variants of scenarios for the development of events in which the innovative potential can be used both immediately and with some delay in time.

The optimal use of material resources is an essential factor in ensuring the profitability of the business of an enterprise in the real sector of the economy. An essential part of the system of material resources of an industrial enterprise is the material costs of repair and maintenance needs. The purpose of the research presented in this article is to structure the information space with a high level of transparency and improve the quality of tools for operational planning and accounting of these expenses of an industrial enterprise at all stages of production activity; The tasks include the development of a model for improving operational planning of the need for these resources for repairs, maintenance and operation of production equipment in the context of production orders and operational accounting, including the preparation of management reports on the implementation of planned plans. The research used methods of systematic and situationally oriented analysis; collection, accumulation and systematization of information about economic activity; economic analysis; classification; aggregation; reduction; generalization; graphical visualization of data; comparison; process approach.

The article highlights the importance of the study, due to disagreements in the theoretical and methodological aspects of considering the concept of regional potential. The analysis of current scientific publications devoted to the study of various conceptual approaches to its interpretation is carried out. The paper analyzes the formulations of the concept of "regional potential" ("regional potential") by a number of authors from the point of view of content orientation to various groups of factors. The generalization was carried out according to the internal and external characteristics, the field of activity (specialization) of the region. The author’s interpretation of the concept is given. The classification of the types of regional potential is carried out, their complex structure is presented, designed taking into account rationality and complexity. Two groups of potentials have been identified – dependent and independent. The concept of aggregate potential is highlighted, which is the final indicator of regional development. As a methodological basis, the developed approach is proposed through the compilation of maps of regional potentials, which allows to unify the order of selection of fundamental factors as the criteria for the development potential of the region. The direct and indirect influence of different types of regional potential on each other is indicated. The substantial essence of the concepts is analyzed and three main approaches to the definition of regional potential are identified – factorial, resource, and effective. The basis for the development of a more detailed study of the interrelation of regional potentials is determined and emphasis is placed on the prospects for formalizing the proposed approach in order to identify mathematical dependencies to support decision-making of strategic management of the region.

The article presents the directions for the development of information and methodological support (IMS) for the activities of industrial enterprises on the basis of the unified digital platform "RosTech", which are of particular importance in the organization of innovative activities at the present stage, carried out in conditions of geoplastic instability and the influence of economic sanctions against Russia from unfriendly states. The article reflects that the GosTech platform is intended for the implementation of processes of the full life cycle of industrial activities of industrial enterprises, according to the developed methodology, features of the organization of technological processes, the use of digital services and platform products that ensure the formation and operation of platform information systems, for the purpose of methodological support of production activities of enterprises. The article substantiates that the essence of IMO in the activities of industrial enterprises, based on the GosTech platform, is represented by the formation and use of innovative technologies, digital services, business models of production, taking into account artificial intelligence objects available at enterprises. Also, IMO, lies in the development of individual competencies of enterprise employees, the implementation of new opportunities for implementing innovative activities in the production processes of the enterprise, increasing operating efficiency and competitiveness. The article reflects that the GosTech platform creates conditions for designing the architecture of the production technologies used, developing the operation of the information systems used, by providing instrumental services for automated software development, monitoring its quality, monitoring operating parameters, and ensuring the information security of the information systems used. The work presents that the main goal of creating IMO on the GosTech platform is: reducing the production time of industrial products, increasing the efficiency of processes for the development of information systems used in the enterprise, moving to a new level of their compatibility, ergonomics, security and reliability. As a result of the use of IMO based on the GosTech digital platform, the innovative activity of enterprises and the degree of interaction with government agencies and institutional entities increases. The effectiveness of IMO management decisions in the innovative activities of industrial enterprises is determined by the effectiveness of managing the services and artificial intelligence objects used, which are the main tools for ensuring innovative activities. Thus, IMO management decisions in innovation activities contribute to the formation of new innovative products and technologies. 

The article is considering the phenomenon of blurring boundaries between economic sectors, the merging of various stages and functions within the production process occurs, which is a distinctive feature of modern economic development. The authors emphasize imbalance in the distribution of capital: in conditions of excess financial resources throughout the national economy, there is a shortage of funds allocated for innovative projects. A key aspect of this problem is the lack of a long-term perspective and development strategy among economic entities. It is substantiated that insufficient attention to the development and implementation of risk management strategies leads to underestimation of the value of innovations with a long-term perspective, and in order to effectively overcome innovation shortsightedness, necessary an integrated approach that includes not only improving corporate culture and developing innovation infrastructure, but also improving legal and regulatory environment. The concept of innovative short-sightedness is considered, which reflects the underestimation of future benefits and the narrowing of the planning horizon of economic agents. Attention is focused on the fact that government policy and regulation can also have a significant impact on innovation activity; an imperfect legal framework in the field of intellectual property or unpredictability of tax policy creates uncertainty for entrepreneurs and investors, which can discourage investment in innovative projects. It is argued that in the context of industrial policy formation, the most significant aspects are the establishment and support of economic entities. It is emphasized that industrial policy should be focused on stimulating the primary links of production; it can be aimed at ensuring the development of high-tech sectors of the economy, which can become the driving force of innovative growth and increasing the competitiveness of national producers in world markets. In the realm of investment strategies, significant attention is directed towards crafting standards for utilizing approaches that simplify the integration of intellectual assets into economic systems, all while considering the expected duration of product viability.

This article is devoted to the consideration and assessment of the total impact of the digital economy on sustainable development. Problems such as environmental emissions and pollution, resource depletion and irrational use, which negatively affect the environment, are considered. The authors point out that solving these problems is possible thanks to new technologies and the digital economy. The basis of this study is the analysis of countries with high levels of innovation. Based on these data, the ranking of innovative countries in terms of their level of achieving sustainable development was analyzed. As part of the study, based on the studied material and the data analysis carried out, measures were taken to develop an innovation-sustainable direction, which requires extremely great attention for its further modernization and dissemination. The analysis of innovative countries that are successfully implementing sustainable development goals showed that in Russia it is necessary to increase the level of innovative development, as well as improve measures to achieve sustainable development goals. In addition, it was concluded that, despite the possible negative effects of the digital economy, the positive impact of information technology plays a key role in sustainable development.

The relevance of the topic is related to the need to study those industries of the region that are points of growth and drivers of development of the region. Such industries play an important role in the socio-economic development of the region, therefore, studying the problems of development of such an industry as the gas industry is an urgent task of economic science. The purpose of the article is to identify patterns and features of the development of the gas industry in the Orenburg region, its role in the development of the region, as well as problems that require urgent solutions. The scientific novelty of this research lies in the fact that the work substantiates the position on the development of the gas industry in accordance with such economic laws as the laws of increasing needs, saving time, scale of production, competition, and the effect of experience. The features of the regional gas industry related to the multicomponent composition of gas are highlighted, which made it possible to develop the chemical industry in the region. The article also identifies the problems of development of the gas industry. The article is based on a positive research methodology; the following methods were used: analysis, synthesis, induction, deduction, tabular, generalization, comparison, logical, historical and statistical analysis. Based on systematic and integrated approaches, cause-and-effect relationships between the development of the gas industry and the level of socio-economic development of the region have been identified. The practical significance of the study lies in the possibility of using its results in developing a regional development strategy and implementing regional economic policy. It is proposed to continue further research in the direction of scientific analysis of industry problems and the development of scientifically based recommendations for solving them.

The unfolding fourth industrial revolution involves increasing the innovative activity of Russian economic entities with the aim of producing high-tech products that replace foreign analogues and ensure the achievement of independence and accelerated development of enterprises. Digital maturity in this aspect is the main factor contributing to their transition to a digital path of development and accelerating innovative growth through the introduction of modern software and the subsequent use of emerging digital capabilities for effective functioning in the face of ongoing changes. A scientifically based approach to assessing digital maturity and managing the digitalization of domestic enterprises is a guarantee of increasing their competitiveness in the market. The purpose of the study is to develop tools for assessing and improving the digital maturity of Russian enterprises to ensure effective implementation of digital renewal strategy and independence from Western developers provision. In the process of achieving this goal, methods of structural analysis and synthesis, system analysis, generalization and description were used. Based on the results of the study, a set of recommendations was developed that are of high importance for the development of methodological management tools and acceleration of economic growth of enterprises in the Russian Federation. The study is based on modern works of leading domestic and foreign economists. The digital transformation of enterprises contributes to their resilience to risks and uncertainty, which inevitably manifest themselves in the conditions of economic restructuring.

The evolution of healthcare industry management corresponds to management trends in the global economy. Reforming medicine within the framework of the concepts of sustainable development, value-oriented approach, person-centeredness, as well as challenges due to the pandemic provide a number of relevant tasks and subjects for management consulting. A comparison of the market volumes of domestic and foreign medical management consulting shows a significant difference in the demand for this field of activity. It is necessary to explore the objective and subjective reasons for the restrictions on the development of domestic management consulting. The purpose of the study is to identify problems of management consulting in dental practice. The authors set the task of reviewing foreign and domestic sources of scientific literature and analytical reporting on the management consulting market, clarifying the main economic trends in domestic and foreign consulting services in healthcare, and identifying indicators and performance factors for management consulting in dental institutions. The methodology of content analysis of scientific information made it possible to draw conclusions about the state of the industry and formulate recommendations for its scaling. The results of the study confirmed the relevance of management consulting for the management and staff of dental organizations and the need for the development of the industry. The challenges of modern management increase the need to attract experts and professional management consultants to dental organizations.