State science and technology policy in the Soviet Union during the pre-war period


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Abstract

The article attempts to identify the features of the state science and technology policy of the Soviet Republic in the pre-war period. The main purpose of the science and technology policy is strengthening of defense capability of the country. Attention is given to the main areas of activity of the Soviet government: involvement of pre-revolutionary professionals and scientists in solving the most important scientific and technical problems, preservation and development of scientific and technical potential, training of new scientific and engineering manpower, creating  links between science and production, providing scientists and engineering workers with special scientific technical literature, opening new research institutes, design bureaus and universities in accordance with the development of new industries of the national economy: aviation, chemical, electrical engineering, mechanical engineering. The role of technical and scientific societies and inventions in the acceleration of scientific technical progress is revealed. The main contradictions of accomplishing engineering tasks in conditions of the formation of the totalitarian system when the creative initiative of scientists and specialists was dictated by the authorities are shown. The strengthening of the role of People’s Commissariat of Internal Affairs in technical modernization of the country is also discussed in the paper.

About the authors

N. F. Bannikova

Samara State Aerospace University

Author for correspondence.
Email: bannikova-nf@yandex.ru

Candidate of Science (History)

Professor of the Department of Philosophy and History

Russian Federation

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