Vol 11, No 2 (2020)
ECONOMICS
BUSINESS PROCESS REENGINEERING MODEL FOR INNOVATION IN RESIDENTIAL REAL ESTATE
Abstract
In the proposed article, the author considers the objective prerequisites for reengineering business processes in the field of residential real estate, details the term «reengineering of the business process in
the residential real estate» and gives its author's definition. The main attention is paid to the formation of a model for reengineering business processes of innovation in the field of residential real estate on the basis of a constantly updated resource of scenarios (options) of business processes in the field of residential real estate, improved by using know-how, innovations, and the latest developments in fundamental and applied science. A scheme for the development of innovative activities in the field of residential real estate based on reengineering of business processes with control during implementation is proposed. The paper presents the key directions of development of innovative housing construction, on the basis of which perspective vectors of strategic management of innovative housing construction are developed.
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DIRECTIONS OF INNOVATIVE DEVELOPMENT OF HIGHER EDUCATION INSTITUTIONS AT THE PRESENT STAGE
Abstract
In the article the author analyzes the socio-economic problems of development of innovative activity of higher educational institutions. The necessity of implementing innovative directions of the University at the present stage is shown. It is noted that in countries that have a positive development dynamics to date, a bet was made on the implementation of innovative activities and the development of high-tech technologies based on the education system. The research focuses on innovative activities of Samara University and suggests the creation of a University innovation center based on cluster development of the region. It is noted that in the context of the development of the knowledge economy, the priority task is to integrate science, industry and education on the basis of research universities. The results of integration and networking of economic entities in the region are the development of innovative activities of the university. The article also notes and analyzes such important fundamental components of modern processes as transformation, the formation of university centers for innovative development as well as many others. Particular attention is paid to the participation of Samara University in the socio-economic development of the region and federal priority development projects, such as «Universities as centers for innovations creation» – Samara University wins the right to participate in priority projects on a competitive basis.
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STRATEGY OF INNOVATIVE POTENTIAL OF THE RUSSIAN OIL AND GAS INDUSTRY: PROBLEMS AND CURRENT DIRECTIONS
Abstract
In modern conditions of global integration, competition is increasing, both on the world and national markets, and therefore the role of innovation in the processes of economic development is increasing. Intellectual labor products have the highest value on the world market in comparison with other types of products. At present, it is the market that dictates the need to create conditions for widespread use of innovations, strengthen innovation activities due to its openness and tougher competition. Changes in the economy and the introduction of new elements into it and the emergence of new industries of a higher technical and economic level, in comparison with existing industries, are due to innovations that are initially designed to meet public needs. Initiators of innovations, seeking to improve the quality of life, become leaders of technological development, provoking other market participants to look for new solutions to improve their own competitiveness. As a result, there is an increase in the level of development of the economic environment at various scales: local, regional, national, and global. This article discusses the problems and current trends of the innovative potential of the Russian oil and gas industry.
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RATIONALE FOR MAIN INDICATORS OF THE «INTEGRATED» MODEL FOR ASSESSING THE ATTRACTION OF THE REGION TO THE INVESTMENTS OF AGRICULTURAL ORGANIZATIONS OF THE ORENBURG REGION
Abstract
The main problem in assessing the investment attractiveness of agricultural organizations is the search for a valuation technique. Due to the lack of research into the category of «investment attractiveness of agricultural enterprises», at the moment there is no single methodology for its evaluation, which would contain a specific list of indicators that allow unambiguous interpretation of the results obtained in the course of analysis. The research presents and discusses in detail the main economic indicators of the «integrated» model for assessing the region's attractiveness to the investments of agricultural organizations. The article studies the assessment of latent (hidden, internal) characteristics of the investment attractiveness of agricultural organizations (working capacity of workers, technical equipment, competence of the enterprise management and production conditions on the basis of the main components method). Investigations to assess the attractiveness of agricultural areas to investments were carried out in two main stages. The first stage is a preliminary assessment of the selected main components that characterize the main and the principles that affect the level of labor productivity. The second stage comprehensively assesses the investment attractiveness of agricultural areas, taking into account the values of the four main components. This analysis revealed that fluctuations in labor productivity in an enterprise depend primarily on the working capacity of the workers of the enterprise, their technical armament, conditions production and competence of the company's management. Defined Main components that can be used for ranking and classification are defined. Enterprise, which corresponds to the ranking or classification of associated sets of characteristics. For ranking or classification of enterprises, it is necessary to calculate the values of the main components for each of them, which is very important to consider when evaluating investment attractiveness. The proposed integrated assessment of the attractiveness of investments on the basis of the calculated values of the main components allows not only to objectively approach the issue of choosing an investment object, but also significantly reduce the risks of a non-return of investors' financial resources.
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SPECIAL ECONOMIC ZONES OF RUSSIA: EVALUATION OF EFFICIENCY OF ACTIVITY AND PRACTICE OF ATTRACTING INVESTMENTS
Abstract
Russia's entry into the five largest economies in the world will be ensured through the implementation of new investment projects in industry, increasing the level of production localization and the mass introduction of advanced production technologies. This is a necessary condition for the Russian economy to enter a stable growth path, increase the competitiveness of enterprises in the world market of high-tech products. The only way to accomplish this task is to switch to a growth model based on increasing the investment attractiveness of Russia and the investment activity of enterprises. One of the main drivers of the formation of a new generation economy is a developed infrastructure, the key element of which are special economic zones. The special economic zones created and functioning in Russia are an important tool for attracting investments and a large-scale project to develop the economy of the country's regions by attracting investments in priority types of economic activity. In the process of numerous studies, it was found that the creation in regions with a high level of investment development and attractiveness of special economic zones has a positive effect of a new special regime of doing business on the results of investment development of the country's regions. The article discusses the performance indicators of special economic zones and provides an assessment of their investment attractiveness.
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CLUSTER ANALYSIS OF THE EFFICIENCY OF RESEARCH ACTIVITY IN INNOVATIVELY DEVELOPING UNIVERSITIES OF RUSSIA
Abstract
The article studies the performance of national research universities, as universities, which are distinguished by high rates in the field of innovation, research and educational activities. The following indicators have been analyzed: the amount of publications performed by the university employees and the income from research activities in terms of financing of research from the budgetary funds of the Russian Federation. Based on statistical data, a cluster analysis of national research universities of the Russian Federation was performed.
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MECHANISM FOR THE DEVELOPMENT OF INNOVATIVE ACTIVITIES OF ENTERPRISES IN THE FIELD OF RESIDENTIAL REAL ESTATE BASED ON BUSINESS PROCESS REENGINEERING
Abstract
In this article, the authors consider the problems that hinder the development of innovation in the field of residential real estate at the present stage, and give the author's definition of the term «mortgage innovation». The mechanism for developing innovative activities in the field of residential real estate based on business process reengineering has been modernized. An organizational and functional model has been developed that takes into account the balance of interests of participants in the residential real estate market.
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PROCESSES OF TRANSFORMATION OF ECONOMIC INFORMATION SYSTEMS INTO A DIGITAL ENVIRONMENT
Abstract
Economic and managerial issues of transformation of economic information systems into digital economic systems are considered. Differences of the systems of informatization on a system of digitalization of the economy are presented. The analysis of legal framework for digitalization of the economy is carried out.
The directions of solving the problems of digitalization of the Russian economy are revealed. The most significant result of the work is to determine the stages of transformation of information processes into digital ones, to reveal the essence of these stages and the results of their implementation.
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ENERGY SAVING AND ENERGY EFFICIENCY OF THE RUSSIAN AUTOMOTIVE INDUSTRY (ON THE EXAMPLE OF PJSC «AVTOVAZ»)
Abstract
The article reflects that the industrial enterprises of the domestic automobile industry are the most energy-intensive sectors of industrial production, which use a significant amount of primary and secondary resources, semi-finished products and automotive components. This study is caused by the fact that automotive enterprises, due to their specifics, use energy-intensive industrial and technological equipment that is in constant operation and intensive use, which causes a significant increase in energy consumption. The sphere of energy consumption and energy efficiency of automobile manufacturing is an actual topic of research. The article presents a study of industrial production in the automotive industry on the subject of energy savings achieved through the modernization of production processes. The organizational structure of AvtoVAZ industrial production is considered, the main measures of transformation of the AvtoVAZ industrial complex are shown, based on energy saving and energy efficiency improvement, the analysis of AvtoVAZ energy production, which includes five power plants: metallurgical production, the main building, the Western and Eastern zones, and external facilities. The authors show that one of the issues of organizing activities in the field of energy conservation and development of energy efficiency is the modernization of the production structure of the enterprise. The paper examines the economic effect of implementing modernization measures in the production of AvtoVAZ. In the article, the authors substantiate that the management of energy conservation and energy efficiency requires special methodological approaches based on the introduction of innovations in the production process of the enterprise.
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ASSESSMENT OF THE EFFECTIVENESS OF IMPLEMENTING «SMART CITY» ELEMENTS IN THE PROCESS OF DIGITALIZATION OF THE URBAN ENVIRONMENT
Abstract
The article presents scientific, practical and methodological results of evaluating the effectiveness of implementing «smart city» elements. The main problems of digitalization of the urban environment in Russia are highlighted. The concepts of «smart city» and «digitalization» are revealed. Digitalization is considered as the introduction of digital technologies. A model of a «smart city» is constructed and the trajectory of urban development according to the SMAT CITY 3.0 vector is revealed. The efficiency indicators of the digital transformation of urban economy are determined and methods for evaluating the effectiveness of
the implementation of «smart cities» (the city's IQ index): index and integral indicators. The integral method is based on a score. The index method is based on determining the maximum and minimum values. Enter the variable t (time). Time in assessing the effectiveness of digital transformation of cities is a new opportunity to realize the professional abilities of the population and the productive recovery of human life parameters. The score is based on performance indicators for implementing «smart city» elements, and the threshold values for this indicator are determined. The threshold values are compared with the current data. Regions of Russia with low and high efficiency of smart cities implementation are identified. The city of Moscow was put in the first place with a high efficiency of implementing «smart cities».
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MATHEMATICAL AND INSTRUMENTAL METHODS OF ECONOMICS
DEVELOPMENT OF AN ECONOMIC AND MATHEMATICAL MODEL FOR INVESTING IN PERSONNEL
Abstract
Investment in the education of company personnel is an investment in the creation of its intangible assets, which increases the level of competitiveness of the organization. The article describes the solution to
the problem of formalizing the problem of investment in personnel and evaluating their profitability. The authors propose an economic and mathematical model of investing in personnel based on the formation of an investment portfolio. Methods for calculating various types of investments, portfolio asset weights, and expected returns are described. Using the developed model, you can evaluate the financial effectiveness of investments in employee development; get a clear, reliable tool for monitoring the effectiveness of personnel development activities; make the «human factor» and its impact on the company's performance more measurable; increase transparency, and, consequently, the manageability of the organization.
92-101
STUDY OF THE ROAD TRANSPORT INDICATORS BY METHODS OF FORMING AN INTEGRAL FACTOR
Abstract
The transport system of Russia is an important component of the industrial infrastructure, and its development is one of the priorities of state activities. In the context of integrated regional development, transport is a tool for implementing the economic interests of subjects. Currently, the transport system of the Russian Federation is actively developing. This largely determines the development of economic indicators, such as imports and exports, as well as an increase in the volume of sales of goods of their own production. In this regard, it is important and relevant to study the current state of the transport system and the factors of its development. The paper explores the forms of dependent indicators of the road transport industry of the Volga Federal District. Due to the limited sample size, it is proposed to study this area using the formation of integral indicators using discriminant and canonical analysis methods. The use of canonical variables as integral indicators expands the possibilities of applying canonical correlation in other analyses, including in econometric modeling. The integral factor calculated by the discriminant analysis algorithm reduces the dimension and allows us to estimate the degree of crowding and the form of dependence between the integral variables in conditions of a small sample size.
102-114
DYNAMICS OF FORMATION OF ECONOMIC INDICATORS OF A PRODUCTION ENTERPRISE UNDER DIGITAL TRANSFORMATION
Abstract
The published article proposes a mathematical model for assessing the output, costs and profits of a manufacturing enterprise in digital transformation. The features of changes in the economic indicators of an enterprise accompanying its development in the context of digital changes are considered. The impact of digital transformations on the economic potential of the enterprise is evaluated. The patterns of temporary changes for the production, profit and costs of the enterprise with the introduction of digital technologies are established. The process of digital transformation of an enterprise is described by means of a special dimensionless digitalization function, which varies from zero to one. Using this function, it is possible to organically combine the two main components of the digital transformation of the enterprise, which are internal digitalization (digital inside) and external digitalization (digital outside). The first component corresponds to the initial stage of the digital transformation of production, management, administrative processes, and the second component corresponds to the stage of the developed digital transformation of the enterprise in terms of interaction with customers, partners, suppliers, regulators. A numerical analysis of the obtained economic and mathematical model shows that the maximum value of the enterprise’s profit varies over time and corresponds to the level of digital transformation of the production enterprise in question.
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MATHEMATICAL MODEL OF HOSTING OF VIRTUAL MACHINES ON PHYSICAL SERVERS OF COMPUTER NETWORKS
Abstract
Transition to a digital economics leads to global introduction of IT-technology and computer engineering in every sphere of economic activity. In turn, it is related to growth of the cost for creating local networks. Size of material costs for introducing high-scale IT-projects is not always comparable to company’s financial potential. One of the methods to solve this problem is introduction of virtualization technologies into the manufacturing process, concretely speaking, organization of IT-system’s functioning on virtual machines network. In this paper, basic terms in the field of virtualization are reviewed; also, a brief description of optimal virtual machines’ hosting problem is given. Paper discloses informative formulation of the problem that serve as the basis of the model of virtual machines hosting on computer networks’ physical servers. In addition, group of authors give various algorithms of solving the problem.
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ACTUARY METHODS FOR ANALYSIS OF INFORMATION RISKS
Abstract
The article discusses actuarial methods of information risk analysis. The concept of information risk is given, and strategies and methods of risk management are described. The fund estimates for losses in the individual risk model, in the collective risk model and in the Shuette – Nesbitt model are considered. Methods for assessing the required size of the fund and insurance premium are considered. The estimates obtained can be used both by the risk holder to form the fund necessary to cover losses (risk financing method), and by insurance organizations to calculate the insurance premium.
132-142
MODELING AGGREGATE SUPPLY USING THE PRODUCTION FUNCTION
Abstract
Economic and managerial issues of transformation of economic information systems into digital economic systems are considered. Differences in the systems of informatization of system of digitalization of the economy are presented. The analysis of legal framework for digitalization of the economy is carried out. The directions of solving the problems of digitalization of the Russian economy are revealed. The most significant result of the work is to determine the stages of transformation of information processes into digital ones, to reveal the essence of these stages and the results of their implementation.
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ANALYSIS OF THE RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN GRP AND HARMFUL EMISSIONS IN THE VOLGA REGION FEDERAL DISTRICT
Abstract
The article examines the relationship between the volume of gross regional product and harmful emissions from stationary sources. The research was conducted on the basis of statistical data of the regions of the Volga Region Federal District for 2004–2017, presented in the official statistics of Rosstat. The regions that are leaders in terms of gross regional product and harmful emissions are identified. The correlation coefficient between the studied indicators for the analyzed period is calculated. An uneven distribution of the gross regional product and the volume of harmful emissions from stationary sources was revealed: there are regions with high gross regional product and low emissions, as well as regions with the opposite situation. For the regions of the Volga Region Federal District that have a relationship between the gross regional product and the volume of harmful emissions, a functional dependence is constructed in the form of a power function. These regions include the Republic of Tatarstan, Perm Krai, Orenburg Region, Samara Region, and Saratov Region. It should be noted that only the Republic of Tatarstan has a positive correlation coefficient greater than 0.7. The accuracy characteristics of the obtained functional dependencies indicate that they can be used for forecasting and further research.
151-156
MULTI-FACTOR MATHEMATICAL MODEL OF DEVELOPMENT OF A PRODUCTION ENTERPRISE ACCOUNTED BY INTERNAL AND EXTERNAL INVESTMENTS
Abstract
The published article proposes new models of the dynamic development of enterprises that restore their production through internal and external investments. Equations of balance are established for such enterprises, which describe changes in output and factors of production. The developed economic and mathematical models are presented in the form of systems of differential equations for an arbitrary number of production factors. In these models, proportional, progressive and digressive depreciation charges are considered. Their interaction with internal and external investments is investigated. Equations are obtained that describe the equilibrium state of enterprises and the corresponding limit values of production factors are calculated. Constructed in the form of systems of differential equations, economic and mathematical models allow you to describe the various modes of operation of enterprises. Such regimes include stable production output by enterprises, temporary suspension of enterprises for the period of its technical re-equipment, and temporary partial winding up of production. As an example, a two-factor enterprise model is considered in detail. The regularities of the influence of depreciation, internal and external investments on the dynamics of the enterprise are established. Equilibrium equations are obtained and the marginal volumes of production factors of the enterprise – fixed capital and labor – are calculated.
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MULTI-DIMENSIONAL WEIGHT CLUSTERING METHODOLOGY
Abstract
The combined approach to the analysis of the socio-economic sphere is based on the use of information-mathematical methods. This allows you to expand the possibilities of a monothetic approach, for example, when structuring objects of research or indicators describing the studied objects. This approach is currently part of business intelligence. A multidimensional approach is applied in the classification of multidimensional data. Classical classification methods are complemented by the introduction of latent factors. The classification procedure based on latent factors without weight factors is described. In addition to expert methods, a methodology for estimating weight coefficients in multidimensional clustering is proposed. Given the structure of latent integrated indicators, the methodology of formation of weighting factors is considered.
The paper proposes structuring using non-metric multidimensional scaling techniques, including taking into account weighting factors. Given the ranking positions of clustering objects, a grouping is carried out in the theoretical space of stimuli. The share ratio of indicators both in latent factors and in the theoretical scale space allows us to exclude the use of expert estimates and their subjectivity. The paper also notes the possibility of combining and dynamic analysis in the analysis of multidimensional data arrays. As an object of study, indicators of the non-production sphere of the Volga Federal District are considered.
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