Vestnik of Samara University. Economics and Management

The published article presents the development of a stochastic model of the dynamics of development of a multifactor manufacturing enterprise, taking into account the influence of interaction of product and process innovative potentials. To form the balance of the enterprise, a system of stochastic differential equations is established for the volumes of all its resources. Management of the processes of stage-by-stage implementation of innovative potentials in production is carried out by special indicator functions included in the system of stochastic differential equations, which set time intervals for the deployment of innovative potentials. The limiting values ??of the volumes of enterprise resources and the volume of output are calculated. Numerical solution of the system of stochastic differential equations of the developed model allows us to obtain stochastic trajectories and curves of mathematical expectations of the volumes of production factors and output volumes.

The process of innovation activity is considered from the point of view of agency presence. The open innovation market system is described, including an investor, a developer and a user. The cash flows between the specified agents of the system, arising in the process of creating and commercializing an innovative product, are considered. For each agent, a profit function has been developed, which is a criterion for its optimal activity. An economic and mathematical model has been developed that describes the interaction of agents in the system.

In the world community, the concept of sustainable development has firmly established itself as a priority trend of globalization through the transformation of key development vectors into the format of the ESG–concept, within which the performance of enterprises is expressed by indicators characterizing care for the environment, personnel, transparency and efficiency of social activities. The main emphasis is on the formation of anti-corruption activities, ensuring the transparency of enterprise reporting, information openness, the use of modern management tools within the framework of the Industry 5.0 concept, eliminating gender, social and other conflicts, comprehensively ensuring a good image of the organization. In these conditions, the creation of international ratings of compliance of enterprise policies with the ESG–agenda is being updated. At the same time, there is a lack of a unified methodology for assessing the performance indicators of the ESG–concept, in the form of a unified reporting form for enterprises. The purpose of the study is to develop ESG–monitoring based on systematization of indicators in priority areas of activity and calculation of the integral ESG–indicator. The scientific novelty lies in the development of an ESG–monitoring model, which is a decomposition diagram of the organization of ESG–monitoring of enterprises in IDF0 notation as part of the implementation of the state strategy for transplantation of sustainable development goals, including the formation of a list of indicators, the development of a unified methodology for their calculation, the development of a unified form of statistical reporting, and monitoring with current frequency. The proposed toolkit is a promising mechanism for government regulation, by ranking and comparing enterprises according to the level of compliance with the ESG–concept, to create an accurate investment impulse in the field of transplantation of sustainable development goals and ensuring the homeostasis of economic systems in conditions of uncertainty and instability of the external environment.

This article is devoted to the author’s methodology for assessing the innovative activity of an enterprise aimed at integrating quantitative and qualitative indicators. This technique will allow you to more accurately reflect the level of innovation activity, identify the main factors affecting the effectiveness of innovation implementation, as well as form a strategy for further development. The paper considers the key elements of the proposed methodology. The results of the study can be applied in the practice of industrial enterprise management. The methodology can be used by state statistical agencies to monitor and evaluate the innovative activities of industrial enterprises. The implementation of this methodology can contribute to a deeper understanding of the processes associated with innovation and support informed management decisions. The methodological base of the study includes methods of quantitative and qualitative analysis, statistical analysis, factor analysis, and methods of expert assessments.

The article presents the practical implementation of the model for assessing the financial performance of an organization, systematizing and directing its functioning throughout their life cycle. It is noted that financial analytics of the organization’s performance indicators, determined by management technologies and factors affecting the external and internal environment, can be used to create and develop its financial strategy. It is shown that high competition, significant risks, crisis phenomena, geopolitical and socioeconomic processes on the world stage and in the state, additionally increase the relevance of developing a new methodological apparatus for managing the financial stability of organizations, as a basic resource for ensuring their development. It has been established that insufficiently studied methodological approaches and the lack of a unified approach to methods for analyzing the financial performance of an organization hinder the development and improvement of its financial strategy. The author notes that approaches to assessing methods for analyzing the financial performance of an organization’s optimization present additional opportunities and recommendations in business development, as well as the development of theoretical and practical proposals that reveal successful directions for building the entire system of strategic financial management of organizations.

The relevance of the study is related to the development of the circular economy in the national economies of many countries of the world, where it is receiving increasing attention. Circular technological and economic models can be considered promising areas of strategic transformation for companies that contrast themselves with traditional business models of an open economic system based on extensive growth. The concept of a circular economy appeared in order to create closed-loop production and consumption models that aim to increase resource efficiency, use waste management approaches and achieve stable coexistence between the economy, the environment and the population. The purpose of the study is to analyze relevant scientific sources and statistical information to determine the advantages and disadvantages of closed-loop economic models at the current stage of scientific and technological progress. The research methodology is based on the use of general scientific research methods such as analysis, generalization, abstraction, synthesis. The results of the study. The article evaluates the current situation of the development of the circular economy in the world, identifies factors that emphasize the extensiveness of the current economy. The main advantages, disadvantages and barriers of the circular economy are presented, classified into four aspects: environmental, economic, technological and social. It is established that from the point of view of the economic development of the branches of the national economy, the circular economy will create new markets and business opportunities in the sectors of recycling and servicing of goods. It is also assumed that circular business models can increase the competitiveness of companies through innovation and optimization of production processes. In addition, circular economic systems will contribute to the development of innovative technologies and processing methods aimed at more efficient use of raw materials and materials.

In the context of growing digitalization and the transition to domestic information management systems in manufacturing, it becomes critically important to develop adequate methods for evaluating their effectiveness. The relevance of this study is due to the need to create effective tools for the analysis and selection of information management systems that meet the specifics of the Russian market and the conditions of import substitution. The purpose of the study is to develop and justify a method for evaluating management information systems that take into account both quantitative and qualitative indicators. Methodologically, the study includes an analysis of existing valuation methods such as economic value added and total cost of ownership, identifying their shortcomings and developing a new method based on a weighted sum of criteria. The application of the proposed method has shown that it provides a more accurate and comprehensive assessment, taking into account technical characteristics and user satisfaction, which is critical for effective intra-company and strategic planning. The results confirm the hypothesis that the integration of quantitative and quantitative indicators, taking into account the importance coefficients, increases the reliability of the assessment of the information management system. Limitations include high resource requirements and the need to involve internal and external experts, which may limit practical applications. In the future, automation of the criteria normalization process and adaptation of the method to other industries are recommended.

The presented study defines the goal of increasing the innovative activity of business entities, the basis of which is the development of innovative activity, reducing the negative economic consequences of the innovative policy of unfriendly countries, focusing domestic organizations and enterprises on the intensification of production. The analysis of the indicators of innovative activity, reflecting the lack of its development, is carried out, the features of increasing innovative activity are identified, its components are disclosed and methods for its definition are presented, the existing tools for intensifying innovative activity are studied. The main provisions of the new draft law ”On Technological Policy” are proposed, designed to eliminate the gap between science and production, with the existing practice of technology transfer, planned for adoption in September 2024, allowing for the implementation of a new direction of state policy - innovative policy for the development of technological sovereignty. The provisions (main tools) for stimulating the innovative activity of business entities are presented: increasing profits, reducing production costs of enterprises from the introduction of innovations and, on their basis, increasing the added value of manufactured products.

In recent years, cryptocurrencies have become a significant element of the modern economy, attracting the attention of investors, regulators, and researchers. Despite substantial progress in understanding the factors influencing cryptocurrency pricing, many aspects remain insufficiently studied. This article provides an overview of traditional factors such as fundamental, macroeconomic, financial, behavioral, and infrastructural ones, and introduces two new groups of factors: socio-economic and market manipulators. Socioeconomic factors represent a wide range of influences determined by the state of society and the economy, significantly impacting cryptocurrency pricing. Market manipulators, on the other hand, encompass methods such as pump-and-dump schemes, insider trading, and manipulations using stablecoins, which lead to substantial price fluctuations in cryptocurrencies. The review of existing traditional factors in combination with new ones allows for a more comprehensive assessment of the dynamics of cryptocurrency pricing. The introduction of these new groups of factors underscores the need for further research to gain a fuller understanding of the pricing mechanisms in the cryptocurrency market and to develop risk management strategies. This work provides a review of existing studies and highlights gaps that require researchers’ attention.