Vol 12, No 3 (2021)

In the Strategy of scientific and technological development of the Russian Federation, the main goal is to ensure the competitiveness and independence of the state by forming an effective system of the most complete application and development of the intellectual potential of the state. The main directions in the work of the Government of the Russian Federation, for the period up to 2024, is the formation of conditions for the entry of the Russian Federation into the top five leading countries in the field of R & D, represented by the priorities of scientific and technological development of the state, determined by this Strategy.These areas are represented by the Program, which is the main mechanism for implementing the Strategy. It is aimed at increasing the socio-economic effect of applying the results of scientific research and intellectual activity, significantly increasing the efficiency of using budget funds and extra-budgetary sources to finance R & D, by switching to the « qualified customer» model. The Strategy also provides for measures to develop the « level of capitalization of the educational potential of the population» to fulfill the tasks of technical modernization of industrial production, development of entrepreneurial structures of all types, attracting talents, social mobility, ensuring the required rates of economic growth, as well as the quality of life of society

The unfolding fourth industrial revolution sets global goals for the world community, requiring the implementation of systemic transformations in all spheres of human activity. Preparations for securing Russia's technological leadership began a long time ago. However, the measures being taken are not enough to build an integral innovation ecosystem, which would make it possible to organize at a high level the building up of innovative potential, its effective use and increase the country's competitiveness in a dynamically changing environment. The key problems of the shortage of expected effects include the lack of formation of the competitive market, the low potential of domestic research in the field of improving strategic planning and methodological tools for making managerial decisions, poor management at all levels of the production hierarchy, the low degree of interest of economic entities in innovative transformation and investment in changing organizational and managerial structures. The paper analyzes the scenario conditions that determine the formation of an innovative economy and the improvement of the country's rating at the global level. The main factors that maximally affect the resulting indicators of innovative activity are investigated. Predictive models of innovative development have been constructed depending on the intensity of changes in factors sensitive to variations in world trends. The need for a systemic restructuring of the traditional economic order is argued. Scientific and practical recommendations on increasing innovative activity and improving the digital culture of the subjects of the Russian economy, taking into account the existing opportunities and potential of world leadership, are proposed.

The article considers the main reasons for the occurrence of technological losses of oil, as well as the state of innovation activity in the oil and gas complex of Russia and abroad. The main idea of modern trends in the oil industry, today, has become energy saving. The preparation and processing of associated petroleum gas is directly related to high energy intensity indicators, since these processes are carried out by creating and maintaining a continuous technology. The interest of manufacturers in reducing the costs (resource and financial) for production without compromising the quality of products leads to innovative growth. The goal is to reduce electricity consumption, so one of the main ideas of the developments is to create new technologies that are aimed at rational use of energy. The largest energy costs are spent on: gas compression, its movement around the production facility, creating positive and negative temperature values in a wide range, as well as maintaining the operation of the equipment at the created temperature regime. In the period of economic globalization, the task of effective development of oil and gas complex is more urgent than ever. An important role in the modern economy is played by the innovative activity of oil and gas processing enterprises, which contributes to improving the quality of services and goods. Lack of resources, depreciation of technical funds, old wells, as well as the slow development of new oil and gas fields leads to a slow development of industry, which necessitates the introduction and active use of innovative technologies. The article also presents methods for evaluating the commercial efficiency of investments, highlights the main principles for evaluating the effectiveness of an investment project in the oil and gas industry.

Delta-neutral trading strategies for trading volatility allow you to make a profit regardless of the direction of change in the price of the underlying asset. Despite their popularity and high efficiency, they are usually made manually, which makes them less systematic and vulnerable to the negative influence of the human factor (emotions, late actions, erroneous submission of applications, etc.). The article proposes a unified delta- neutral strategy, taking into account several parameters for long-term volatility trading through transactions with underlying assets (futures or stocks) and options on these underlying assets, which creates prerequisites for its automation. The use of the strategy helps to increase the liquidity of investment assets traded on the exchange, increases the receipt of taxes, exchange fees and commissions, which brings great socio-economic benefits. Automation of the strategy significantly simplifies calculations, increases the speed of decision-making and can significantly increase the number of transactions made in the financial markets. In addition, the automatic calculation of the optimal values of the method parameters can make a significant contribution to the theoretical research of the modifications of the volatility trading methods.

The development of foreign economic activity and the increase in exports and the share of non-primary non-energy exports are the most important tasks for the development of the regional economy. The research contains a retrospective analysis of trade and economic cooperation in the Samara region and an assessment of changes influenced by significant political, economic and global events and phenomena. It has been shown that significant developments since the beginning of the XX century (the global financial crisis of 2008 and the sharp fall in oil prices in 2009, 2015, the imposition of sanctions in 2014, the COVID-19 crisis) have necessitated and state policy has created the conditions for a consistent shift towards the expansion of non-primary non-energy exports. The evaluation showed that the Samara region’s economy has entered a new stage of increasing the positive contribution of non-primary non-energy exports. The region’s economy has successfully adapted to the impact of economic sanctions, reducing the role of European countries as an export destination and diversifying its export portfolio towards Asia and Africa. The authors have identified fast-growing five-year export countries for which special promotional policies have been proposed. The research has identified certain European countries that, despite the pan-European sanctions policies, are actively recovering exports from the Samara region, as well as European countries where local friendly policies can encourage mutual trade growth. The conclusion was reached that more attention should be paid to the border Kazakhstan, which has recently witnessed a trend towards the cooling of mutual relations at the national level. However, the neighborhood with Kazakhstan makes it impossible to ignore the policy of strengthening friendly relations in order to increase the economic stability and security of the border region of Samara.

The article examines the components of management technologies for the mechanism of sustainable innovative development of the national economy. The purpose of the article is to highlight the basis and components of management technologies for the mechanism of sustainable innovative development of the national economy. As part of the management technologies of the mechanism of sustainable innovative development of the national economy, the study of the goals of sustainable innovative development of the national economy is substantiated. The basis for sustainable innovative development of the national economy is an innovative infrastructure, the institutions of which are able to qualitatively perform the function associated with the production and implementation of innovations. Despite the significant achievements of domestic economic science, the problem of defining management technologies for the mechanism of sustainable innovative development is very relevant. The market segment of the innovation infrastructure deserves special attention, since the innovation market in many areas of economic activity is underdeveloped. A characteristic feature of the innovation infrastructure is the lack of a clear management system for the process of innovative development of the national economy. As a result of the study, we proposed our own vision of a promising innovative infrastructure, which will allow us to implement the tasks of innovative development of the national economy. The innovation infrastructure of sustainable innovative development of the national economy should include institutions related to the production and implementation of innovation, and which are an integral part of the innovation process.

The most important factor in ensuring the well-being and prosperity of the region is its potential for integration into national and international production and economic systems, which are additional sources of necessary resources for development. In this sense, the border regions of the countries have a unique resource – the ability to directly enter the foreign market, but they use this resource in different ways. The efficient use of the potential of the border position makes an additional contribution to the territorial capital. It is now recognized that boundaries do not so much hinder communication and the formation of relationships, but also direct them in a positive direction and predetermine. In this regard, the authors set themselves the goal of systematizing and revealing the practical application of scientifically based approaches to the development of cross-border cooperation. The authors came to the conclusion that, from a practical point of view, for the development of cross- border cooperation, it is currently advisable to use the institutional, cluster and spatial approaches, which allows a comprehensive approach to the development of triggering mechanisms for bilateral processes. The need to supplement the existing theoretical and methodological apparatus with the theory of cooperation between competitors (B. Neilbuff, A. Brandenburger) is noted, which will allow to define and systematize the "fine" criteria that govern the subjects of foreign economic activity, to better understand the balance of interests. To this end, it was proposed to monitor the currently used cooperation mechanisms based on the PVP approach of limology, to assess the relevance of existing mechanisms and identify gaps in measures to support cross-border cooperation on the basis of the methodological approaches of a randomized controlled trial.

The article discusses the problem of modeling the functional dependence of the volume of loans issued and the growth rate of the Russian economy. The relevance of this study is due to the need to identify the factors affecting the growth of the indicator of real gross domestic product. The analyzed domestic and foreign sources do not provide a single set of factors affecting the growth rate of the national economy, highlighting financial mechanisms, production processes, lending volumes to individuals and legal entities, investment activity, etc. The article notes the problem of the formation of a multifactor model of the influence of various parameters on the indicator of the growth rate of the national economy. The process of modeling the functional dependence of GDP on the elements of the influence vector is complicated by the specifics of statistical data. In order to avoid such problems associated with series cointegration, a vector error correction model was proposed. The model was tested on statistical data of organizations in the banking sector and enterprises of the real sector of the Russian economy. It was revealed that under the existing conditions of organizing the lending process, the banking system works not so much to increase production volumes as to maintain the level of the financial condition of economic entities (maintaining the level of liquidity and increasing financial investments), while not contributing to a change in the overall structure of the Russian economy. The developed vector model of error correction makes it possible to measure deviations from equilibrium and the rate of its recovery, which indicates the greater efficiency of this technique. At the same time, the above results allow us to conclude that in the presence of a positive relationship between the volume of lending and the main indicators, the degree of influence of lending on economic growth is generally insignificant

The article is dedicated to issues related to the formation of the Russian Federation regions’ economically justified classifications by housing mortgage lending (HML) system’s stage of development, for the implementation of mortgage markets’ selective government adjustment policy. The purpose of the study is to develop the methodology of regions’ mortgage potential assessment based on the search of additional application solutions in the area of rapid assessment and forecasting of regional mortgage market’s state. To achieve the purpose, an additional version of common methodology of Russian Federation regions’ systematic ranking by HML system’s stage of development is represented, and its main steps are structured. Within the third step of new methodology, a multiple regression model of Factor 1 (F1) is developed, which was interpreted in author’s early studies as a performance indicator of regional mortgage market’s functioning effectiveness. The model’s development was based on the statistical processing’s results of 510 observations in 85 Russian Federation regions in a period from 2014 to 2019. The high accuracy of model’s approximation has been proved, as well as its statistical reliability. The application capabilities of the model are represented, particularly the results of period 2020-2021 forecasting for Samara region and Saint-Petersburg city. The ways of managing the rating of region through targeted distribution of available regional and federal resources received by the models’ predictors are outlined. The novelty of this study is contained in the results of adaptation of the new assessment methodology, which is based on the obtainment of multiple regression model for Factor 1. The methodology base of the study consists of systematic analysis methods and multivariate statistics, particularly regressive and correlation analysis methods.

Increasing the intensity of the production process is directly related to improving the quality of human life. Today, there is a need for a quick and flexible response to changing consumer priorities. The solution to this complex problem is taken over by logistics. The logistics process is a sequence of operations that are organized in a certain way in time, allowing you to achieve your goals. The subject of the study of the logistics process is the organization, coordination, and optimization of the movement of material and related flows. The structure of the logistics process includes the following links: natural resources; mining; recycling; storage; distribution; transpor- tation of products. A simulation model of the logistics chain consisting of the above-listed links has been devel- oped. Resources are an energy source that feeds the logistics chain and ensures the movement of the material flow. Recycling – transformation, transformation of resources into a specific type of product. Transport – repre- sents active losses. Storage – the delay in the movement of the material flow for the duration of storage. Distribu- tion – costs for the trading sector. Mathematical models for studying the intensity of production processes using the Mathcad program are developed. The analysis was carried out: of a market model of the intensity of the flows of the production process of the market economy with a different resource bases; of a planned model of the inten- sity of the flows of the production process of the planned economy with different resource bases.