Vol 13, No 4 (2023)

The article is devoted to the general issues of design formalization and practical methods of conceptual project development in civil aircraft industry. The project idea and the sequential implementation of the project concept development stages are considered. Special attention is paid to marketing and justification of the project strategy. The importance of the idea analysis method for the project concept is shown. In the task of the technical system synthesis an approach to the coordination of its elements and a risk analysis of the designed civil aircraft critical characteristics is presented. The process of validation the aircraft project concept under development by means of experimental analogies is described. The presented methodology was developed for the first time as a complete full-cycle technology of civil aircraft conceptual design, the scientific results of which will eliminate the risks of erroneous choice of the technical concept and its inconsistency with the technical specifications.

The paper considers the model of an intelligent software analytical complex that allows electric power industry organizations to remotely apply electricity metering systems designed to take consumer's meter readings online, register deviations, and determine the quality of electricity. The software analytical complex is presented in the form of a set of models: a model for ensuring the sustainability of the quality of electric power, which makes it possible to create rules for the information environment and a unified data repository to systematize the processes of collecting, processing and transmitting data, simplify the search and increase the speed of access to data; a model of the product knowledge base, designed to search for solutions in the process under consideration and evaluate the search results; a dynamic graph of deviations of the Descartes square, which makes it possible to manage electrical power parameters in order to increase the efficiency of the organization and improve the process of managing the technical strategy of the energy system; and ontological and network models of electric energy quality indicators. The diagrams of the software analytical complex algorithm as well as the developed neural network node designed to analyze deviations for the presence or absence of malfunctions in the hardware operation are presented. The application of the presented models in the software analytical complex will help to promptly identify emerging deviations and analyze them.

The article explores the potential and demonstrates the effectiveness of using some models and methods of ontological data analysis in the problem of structural analysis and synthesis of technical decisions. Morphological analysis and synthesis of layout diagrams of artifacts are considered as a working methodology for structural design. A set-theoretic model of the morphological decision space is constructed for the classical version of the methodology. The model includes the functional subsystems of the designed artifact, implementation options for these subsystems, and potential technical decisions themselves. Moreover, in contrast to existing versions of such formalization, the emphasis is on the description of binary relationships between the entities of the knowledge domain of morphological analysis. It is proposed to describe the incompatibility of implementation options for a single functional subsystem of a designed artifact and the restricted compatibility of implementation options for various functional subsystems within the framework of a single model, known in ontological engineering and, in particular in ontological data analysis as “existence constraints”. Analysis of one of the regularities inherent in this model made it possible to strictly substantiate the approach common in structural design to describing the restricted compatibility of implementation options for various functional subsystems in the form of prohibitions. The advantages of using existence constraints to describe the morphological decision space are shown, and the frame of a formal ontology for the knowledge domain of morphological analysis is constructed. The structural synthesis of a technical decision is compared with the method of semantic identification of an object, developed within the framework of ontological data analysis for processing incomplete and inconsistent empirical information about the results of measuring object properties. A conclusion is made about the suitability of the latter for solving the problem of structural synthesis when correcting the concept of a “normal” subset of properties and information about the costs and/or benefits of including each individual implementation option for the functional subsystems of the designed artifact.

Designing pipeline energy systems (heat, water, oil, gas supply, etc.) is a complex task that requires the use of specialized software to solve it. It is proposed to use ontologies to structure knowledge that is used in the processes of software development automation and organization of the computing process and user interface content. The proposed methodological approach includes the following components: the composition of ontologies, tools for implementing ontologies, and the methods for constructing ontologies (metaontologies, ontologies of specific classes, ontologies of design tasks, software ontologies). It is shown that the use of ontologies allows one to obtain the following results: a single platform for research and development of new methods, algorithms, mathematical models of pipeline systems and their elements; the ability to automate access to data for different types of systems and tasks; and automated software system construction. An example of ontology system application in software development is presented. The architecture of a software system for solving problems of designing pipeline systems of various types and purposes is given.

The method of forming criterion weights in tasks of multi-criteria evaluation of objects with a multi-level structure of indicators presented in the form of a hierarchical tree, is shown. The weights values are calculated on the basis of indirect measurement of preferences of adjacent pairs of local weights of criteria included in the vertices of a higher level of the hierarchical tree, in the form of expert assessments in the quantitative scale of relations. The calculation of quantitative weights first comes down to lexicographic sorting by descending order of criteria importance at each level of the hierarchy that are included in the vertices of a higher level, as a result of which the number of expert comparisons of adjacent pairs in the scale of relations is reduced. The formation of local coefficients of the criteria importance is mathematically justified and is based on a matrix with special properties. A comparative analysis of the proposed method for forming quantitative weights with the method of hierarchy analysis, the least squares method and the approximation matrix method based on the matrix of paired comparisons, is given. An example is given of solving the problem of multi-criteria evaluation of combat aircraft that participated in the tender, according to the tactical and technical characteristics presented in various measurement scales.

The purpose of the study is to develop analytical approaches for the comparative assessment of technical systems in the implementation of expert activities. In the course of the research, priority directions for the selection of quantitative demonstration indicators of devices and technologies, and recommendations for choosing strategies for expert work when conducting assessments of technical systems security have been identified. A factual approach has been developed for relative (rating) comparison of designed, planned or applied technologies without the use of experimental data in the absence of operational experience. New opportunities for expanding expert assessments and analysis of equipment designs and technological solutions are shown. Their novelty lies in the application of the approaches of the safeometrics developing concept and consists in the use of plausible patterns for quantitative assessment of the parameters contained in the design and technical documentation and characterizing technical systems and complexes. Data for analysis can be prepared (collected) by experts or designers based on the requirements and recommendations of experts.