SOME QUESTIONS OF FORENSIC EXAMINATION AND THEIR REFLECTION IN S. A. SHEYFER'S WORKS


Cite item

Full Text

Abstract

The article is devoted to the analysis of some aspects of regulation and enforcement of the legal institute of forensic examination and their reflection in the works by Semen Abramovich Sheyfer. Attention is paid to the issue of the essence of forensic examination as an investigative or procedural action, the conclusion is made about forensic examination as a complex procedural action. There is still some discussion about the possibility of not only the appointment, but, above all, the production of forensic examination before the initiation of criminal proceedings. Giving a positive answer to this question, the author formulated several criteria that are mandatory for compliance. Summarizing the opinions of scientists on the possibility of a specialist to conduct research identical to the expert, the article emphasizes the impossibility of this action. Revealing the question of samples for comparative research, the author focuses on the essence of this action, concluding that it is either a procedural action or an action carried out within the framework of an expert experiment. Arguing about the possibilities of the parties to file petitions for the appointment and production of forensic examination, the author substantiates the idea that today there is a need to provide participants with the right to submit to the investigator or the judge an expert opinion obtained as a result of the independent treatment of participants to the expert (alternative examination). It is assumed that this right should be guaranteed by the obligatory inclusion of such an opinion in the criminal case and its evaluation as an expert opinion.

About the authors

O. G. D'yakonova

Department of Forensic Examination, Forensic Examination Institute, Kutafin Moscow State Law University (MSAL)

Author for correspondence.
Email: grigorjewa.katerina@yandex.ru
Russian Federation

References

  1. Sheyfer S. A. Sledstvennye deistviya. Sistema i protsessual'naya forma [Investigative actions. System and procedural form]. M., 2004, 208 p. Available at: https:// www.studmed.ru/view/sheyfer-sa-sledstvennye-deystviya-sistema-i-processualnaya-forma_87b4df0811c.html [in Russian].
  2. Solovyov A. B. Sistema sledstvennykh deistvii kak sredstvo ugolovno-protsessual'nogo dokazyvaniya (problemy ugolovnogo protsessa i kriminalistiki): nauchnometodicheskoe posobie [System of investigative actions as a means of criminal procedural proof (problems of criminal procedure and criminalistics): research and methodological manual]. M.: Yurlitinform, 2006, 216 p. [in Russian].
  3. Sheyfer S. A. Sledstvennye deistviya. Osnovaniya, protsessual'nyi poryadok i dokazatel'stvennoe znachenie [Investigative actions. Grounds, procedural order and evidentiary value]. Samara: Izdatel'stvo «Samarskii universitet», 2004, 184 р. Available at: http://window.edu. ru/resource/907/46907/files/ssu34.pdf [in Russian].
  4. Gladysheva O. V., Sementsov V. A. Ugolovno-protsessual'noe pravo. Obshchaya chast' i dosudebnoe proizvodstvo: kurs lektsii. 2-e izd., pererab. i dop. [Criminal procedure law. General part and pre-trial proceedings: a course of lectures. 2nd edition, revised and enlarged]. M., 2013, 319 p. [in Russian].
  5. Rossinskiy S. B. Ponyatie i sushchnost' sledstvennykh deistvii v ugolovnom sudoproizvodstve: diskussiya prodolzhaetsya [The Concept and Essence of Investigative Actions in Criminal Proceedings: the Debate Continues]. Zakony Rossii: opyt, analiz, praktika [Laws of Russia. Experience. Analysis. Practice], 2015, no. 2, pp. 16– 31. Available at: https://elibrary.ru/item.asp?id=23236464 [in Russian].
  6. Aleksandrova S. A. Sudebnye deistviya, osushchestvlyaemye sudom pervoi instantsii v ugolovnom sudoproizvodstve Rossii: ponyatie, vidy, protsessual'nyi rezhim: avtoref. dis. … kand. yurid.nauk [Judicial actions carried out by the court of the first instance in the criminal proceedings of Russia: concept, types, procedural regime: author’s abstract of the Candidate’s of Legal Sciences thesis]. Voronezh, 2010, 24 p. Available at: https:// www.dissercat.com/content/sudebnye-deistviya-osushchestvlyaemye-sudom-pervoi-instantsii-v-ugolovnom-sudoproizvodstve-r/read [in Russian].
  7. Sheyfer S. A. Sobiranie dokazatel'stv po ugolovnomu delu: problemy zakonodatel'stva, teorii i praktiki: monografiya [Gathering evidence in a criminal case: problems of legislation, theory and practice: monograph]. M.: Norma: INFRA-M, 2015, 285 p. URL: https://znanium. com/bookread2.php?book=492296 [in Russian].
  8. Shafer S. A. Sistema sledstvennykh deistvii: kakovy puti ee razvitiya? [The System of Investigative Actions: What Are the Ways of its Development?]. Zakony Rossii: opyt, analiz, praktika [Laws of Russia: experience, analysis, practice], 2015, no. 2, pp. 5–16. URL: https://elibrary.ru/ item.asp?id=23236463 [in Russian].
  9. Lazareva L. V. Kontseptual'nye osnovy ispol'zovaniya spetsial'nykh znanii v rossiiskom ugolovnom sudoproizvodstve: dis. ... d-ra yurid. nauk [Conceptual bases of the use of special knowledge in Russian criminal proceedings: Doctoral of Law thesis]. Vladimir, 2011, 470 p. Available at: https://www.dissercat.com/content/ kontseptualnye-osnovy-ispolzovaniya-spetsialnykh-znanii-v-rossiiskom-ugolovnom-sudoproizvods [in Russian].
  10. Belkin A. R. UPK RF: konstruktivnaya kritika i vozmozhnye uluchsheniya. Chast' VIII. Predvaritel'noe rassledovanie [Code of Criminal Procedure: constructive criticism and possible improvements. Part VIII. Preliminary investigation]. M.: MGUPI, 2014, 69 p. [in Russian].
  11. Bochinin S. A. Sledstvennye deistviya kak sposoby sobiraniya dokazatel'stv v dosudebnom proizvodstve: dis. … kand. yurid. nauk [Investigative actions as ways of gathering evidence in pretrial proceedings: Candidate’s of Legal Sciences thesis]. Khabarovsk, 2014, 197 p. Available at: https://www.dissercat.com/content/sledstvennye-deistviya- kak-sposoby-sobiraniya-dokazatelstv-v-dosudebnom-proizvodstve [in Russian].
  12. D’yakonova O. G. Teoreticheskie osnovy sudebnoi ekspertologii: monografiya [Theoretical bases of forensic expertology: monograph]. M.: Prospekt, 2017, 480 p. Available at: http://www.medcollegelib.ru/book/ ISBN9785392248780.html [in Russian].
  13. Dyakonova O. G. Sledstvennoe, sudebnoe ili protsessual'noe deistvie — k voprosu o sushchnosti sudebnoi ekspertizy [Investigative, judicial or procedural action — the question of the nature of forensic examination]. In: Problemy otpravleniya pravosudiya po ugolovnym delam v sovremennoi Rossii: teoriya i praktika: sb. nauch. st. IV Mezhdunar. nauch.-prakt. konf. 16-18 aprelya 2015 g., g. Kursk: v 2 ch. Redkol.: T. K. Ryabinina, A. A. Kozyavin (otv. red.) [i dr.]; Yugo-Zap. gos. un-t., ZAO «Universitetskaya kniga» [Problems of administration of justice in criminal cases in modern Russia: theory and practice: collection of scientific articles of the IV International research and practical conference. April 16–18, 2015, Kursk: in 2 parts. T. K. Ryabinina, A. A. Kozyavin (Eds.) [et al.]]. Kursk, 2015, Part 1, pp. 248–254. Available at: https://elibrary.ru/ item.asp?id=23843254 [in Russian].
  14. Sheyfer S. A. Sudebno-meditsinskaya ekspertiza i sudebno-meditsinskoe osvidetel'stvovanie [Forensic medical examination and forensic medical examination]. In: Ugolovno-pravovye i protsessual'nye problemy realizatsii ugolovnoi otvetstvennosti. Mezhvuzovskii sbornik statei [Criminal and procedural problems of realization of criminal responsibility. Interuniversity collection of articles]. Kuibyshev, 1986, pp. 139–140 [in Russian].
  15. Rossinskaya E. R. Sudebnaya ekspertiza v grazhdanskom, arbitrazhnom, administrativnom i ugolovnom protsesse. 4-e izd., pererab. i dop. [Forensic examination in civil, arbitration, administrative and criminal proceedings. 4th edition, revised and enlarged]. M.: Norma, INFRA-M, 2018, 576 p. Available at: https://znanium.com/ bookread2.php?book=977661 [in Russian].
  16. Orlov Yu. K. Problemy teorii dokazatel'stv v ugolovnom protsesse [Problems of the theory of evidence in criminal proceedings]. M.: Yurist", 2009, 175 p. [in Russian].
  17. Zaitseva E. A. Realizatsiya sostyazatel'nykh nachal pri primenenii spetsial'nykh poznanii v ugolovnom sudoproizvodstve: monografiya [Implementation of adversarial principles in the application of special knowledge in criminal proceedings: monograph]. Volgograd: VA MVD Rossii, 2006, 192 p. Available at: https://nashaucheba.ru/ v60910/?cc=1 [in Russian].
  18. Logvinets E. A., Lukyanchikova E. F. Problemy ispol'zovaniya zaklyucheniya spetsialista v protsesse dokazyvaniya [Problems of using expert opinion in the process of proof]. Sudebnaya ekspertiza [Forensic Examination], 2007, no. 4, pp. 14–23. Available at: https:// elibrary.ru/item.asp?id=9920535 [in Russian].
  19. Bykov V. M. Zaklyuchenie spetsialista [Conclusion of an expert]. Zakonnost', 2004, no. 9, pp. 21–24 [in Russian].
  20. Ovsyannikov I. V. Zaklyuchenie i pokazaniya spetsialista [Conclusion and expert testimony]. Zakonnost', 2005, no. 7, pp. 32–33. Available at: https://www.lawmix. ru/comm/818 [in Russian].
  21. Aver'yanova T. V., Koruhov Yu. G. Zaklyuchenie spetsialista kak novyi vid dokazatel'stv v ugolovnom sudoproizvodstve [Conclusion of a specialist as a new type of evidence in criminal proceedings]. «Chernye dyry» v rossiiskom zakonodatel'stve [«Black Holes» in Russian Legislation], 2004, no. 4, pp. 260–262 [in Russian].
  22. Belkin A. R. UPK RF: otmenit' nel'zya popravit'? V 2 t. Tom 2 Dosudebnoe proizvodstvo. 2-e izd., ispr. i dop. [Code of Criminal Procedure: can't be undone? In 2 vols. Vol. 2. Pre-trial proceedings. 2nd edition, revised and enlarged]. M.: Yurait, 2017, 331 p. Available at: https:// urait.ru/viewer/upk-rf-otmenit-nelzya-popravit-v-2-t-tom-2-dosudebnoe-proizvodstvo-438451 [in Russian].
  23. Kudryavtseva Yu. A. Poluchenie obraztsov dlya sravnitel'nogo issledovaniya v ugolovnom sudoproizvodstve Rossii (protsessual'naya priroda, poryadok, dokazatel'stvennoe znachenie): dis. … kand. yurid. nauk [Obtaining samples for comparative research in criminal proceedings in Russia (procedural nature, order, evidentiary value): Candidate’s of Legal Sciences thesis]. Chelyabinsk, 2013, 239 p. Available at: https://www.dissercat.com/ content/poluchenie-obraztsov-dlya-sravnitelnogo-issledovaniya-v-ugolovnom-sudoproizvodstve-rossii [in Russian].
  24. Chashin A. N. Poluchenie obraztsov dlya sravnitel'nogo issledovaniya i ekspertiza v ugolovnom protsesse [Obtaining samples for comparative research and expertise in criminal proceedings]. Sovetnik yurista, 2011, no. 6, pp. 15–23. Available at: https://elibrary.ru/item. asp?id=21746492 [in Russian].
  25. Bezlepkin B. T. Nastol'naya kniga sledovatelya i doznavatelya. 3-e izd., pererab. i dop. [Handbook of legal investigator and investigating officer. 3rd edition, revised]. M.: Prospekt, 2013. Available at: https://gcp.ucoz.ru/_ ld/1/142____.pdf [in Russian].
  26. Bezlepkin B. T. Kommentarii k Ugolovno-protsessual'nomu kodeksu Rossiiskoi Federatsii (postateinyi). 11-e izdanie, pererab. i dop. [Commentary on the Criminal Procedure Code of the Russian Federation (article-by-article). 11th edition, revised and enlarged]. M.: Prospekt, 2012.
  27. Smirnov A. V. Ugolovnyi protsess: uchebnik. A. V. Smirnov, K. B. Kalinovskii; pod obshch. red. A. V. Smirnova. 7-e izd., pererab. [Criminal procedure: textbook. A. V. Smirnov, K. B. Kalinovskii; A.V. Smirnov (Ed.). 7th edition, revised]. M.: Norma: INFRA-M, 2018, 752 p. Available at: https://znanium.com/bookread2. php?book=914141&spec=1 [in Russian].
  28. Zaitseva E. A., Sadovskii A. I. Formirovanie dokazatel'stv sledovatelem s ispol'zovaniem spetsial'nykh poznanii i tekhnicheskikh sredstv: monografiya [Formation of evidence by the investigator using special knowledge and technical means: monograph]. Volgograd: VA MVD Rossii, 2013. 292 p. Available at: https://elibrary.ru/item. asp?id=21416458.
  29. Zaitseva E. A. Kontseptsiya razvitiya instituta sudebnoi ekspertizy v usloviyakh sostyazatel'nogo ugolovnogo sudoproizvodstva: monografiya [Concept of the development of the Institute of forensic expertise in adversarial criminal proceedings: monograph]. M.: Yurlitinform, 2010, 505 p. [in Russian].
  30. Kommentarii k Ugolovno-protsessual'nomu kodeksu Rossiiskoi Federatsii. V. M. Lebedev, V. V. Ustinov, L. B. Alekseeva i dr.; Otv. red. D. N. Kozak, E. B. Mizulina. 2-e izd., pererab. i dop., sprav. [Commentary on the Criminal Procedure Code of the Russian Federation. V. M. Lebedev, V. V. Ustinov, L.B. Alekseeva et al.; D. N. Kozak, E. B. Mizulina (Eds.). 2nd edition, revised and enlarged, reference book]. M.: Jurist, 2004. 823 p. Available at: https://fr.b-ok.cc/book/3149130/8c3ad2 [in Russian].
  31. D’yakonova O. G. Poluchenie obraztsov i prob dlya sravnitel'nogo issledovaniya kak protsessual'noe deistvie
  32. [Preparation of samples and tests for comparative research as a procedural action]. Vestnik Volgogradskoi akademii MVD Rossii [Volgograd Academy of the Russian Internal Affairs Ministry’s Digest], 2015, no. (35), pp. 100–107. Available at: https://elibrary.ru/item.asp?id=25039302 [in Russian].
  33. D’yakonova O. G. Protsessual'no-pravovoi status sub"ektov primeneniya i ispol'zovaniya spetsial'nykh znanii. Ser. «Ugolovnyi protsess»: monografiya [Procedural and legal status of subjects of application and use of special knowledge. Series «Criminal proceedings»: monograph]. M.: Yurlitinform, 2019, 400 p. Available at: https://elibrary. ru/item.asp?id=36465447 [in Russian].
  34. Belkin A. R. UPK RF: otmenit' nel'zya popravit'? V 2 t. T. 1. Obshchaya chast'. 2-e izd., ispr. i dop. [Code of Criminal Procedure: can't be undone? In 2 vols. Vol. 1. Common part. 2nd edition, revised and enlarged]. M.: Yurait, 2017, 287 p. Available at: https://urait.ru/book/ upk-rf-otmenit-nelzya-popravit-v-2-t-tom-1-obschaya-chast-438374 [in Russian].
  35. Lazareva L. V. Problemy proizvodstva sudebnoi ekspertizy storonoi zashchity v negosudarstvennom sudebno-ekspertnom uchrezhdenii [Problems of production of judicial examination by the defense team in non-state forensic expert institution]. In: Teoreticheskie i prikladnye aspekty ispol'zovaniya spetsial'nykh znanii v ugolovnom i grazhdanskom sudoproizvodstve: nauchno-praktich. posobie. Vyp. 2 [Theoretical and applied aspects of the use of special knowledge in criminal and civil proceedings: scientific and practical guide. Issue 2]. M.: RAP, 2013, pp. 57–61 [in Russian].
  36. Lazareva L. V. Problemy naznacheniya i proizvodstva sudebnoi ekspertizy v negosudarstvennom sudebno-ekspertnom uchrezhdenii [Problems of appointment and production of forensic examination in non-state forensic expert institution]. In: Materialy 4-i Mezhdunarodnoi nauchno-prakticheskoi konferentsii «Teoriya i praktika sudebnoi ekspertizy v sovremennykh usloviyakh» (g. Moskva, 30–31 yanvarya 2013 g.) [Materials of the 4th International research and practical conference «Theory and practice of forensic examination in modern conditions» (Moscow, January 30–31, 2013)]. M.: Prospekt, 2013, pp. 187–189 [in Russian].
  37. Sheyfer S. A. Dokazatel'stva i dokazyvanie po ugolovnym delam: problemy teorii i pravovogo regulirovaniya [Evidence and proof in criminal cases: problems of theory and legal regulation]. M.: Norma: INFRA-M, 2010, 240 p. Available at: https://unotices.com/ book.php?id=268406 [in Russian].
  38. Sheyfer S. A. Pravovaya ekspertiza: za i protiv [Legal examination: pros and cons]. In: Materialy 2-i Mezhdunarodnoi nauchno-prakticheskoi konferentsii «Teoriya i praktika sudebnoi ekspertizy v sovremennykh usloviyakh»: sb. dokl. mezhd. nauch.-prakt. konf. [Proceedings of the 2nd International research and practical conference «Theory and practice of forensic examination in modern conditions»: collection of reports of the international research and practical conference]. M.: Prospekt, 2009, pp. 449–451 [in Russian].

Supplementary files

Supplementary Files
Action
1. JATS XML
Download

Copyright (c) 2019 D'yakonova O.G.

Creative Commons License
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License.

This website uses cookies

You consent to our cookies if you continue to use our website.

About Cookies