NEW CONCEPT OF ESTABLISHMENT OF A SYSTEM OF LEGAL MEANS OF PROTECTING THE POLITICAL ORDER OF THE OLD RUSSIAN STATE AND THE PROBLEM OF MOVING AWAY FROM MATERIALISM

The article is based on the review of the official opponent on the thesis of D. A. Savchenko, during the work on which it became obvious that it is necessary to pay attention to some trends in the development of modern historical and legal science as a whole. This article is devoted to the formulation of this problem and its possible solution. The article raises the problem of return of idealistic methodological grounds to legal science and the consequences of this process. It is shown how deviation from the materialistic approach leads to deformation of the logic of the study and incorrect results. This common problem for modern legal science is shown on the basis of a critical analysis of D. A. Savchenko's study «Protection of political order and security of the Russian medieval state of the X – the first half of the XVII century: historical and legal research». The study proposed a holistic concept of the formation and early stages of evolution of legal means of protecting the political order and security of the Russian medieval state, the author created a solid basis for further scientific discussion and clarification of the system of scientific ideas about the early stages of evolution of domestic law and state. At the same time, due to the use of idealistic methodological grounds, the author does not notice the objective processes that took place in ancient Russian society, the material grounds of changes taking place in the political and legal sphere are not taken into account.