About systems of vectors and subspaces in finite dimensional space recovering vectorsignal

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Abstract

The subject of this paper are the systems of vectors and subspaces in finite dimensional spaces admitting the recovery of an unknown vector-signal by modules of measurements. We analyze the relationship between the properties of recovery by modules of measurements and recovery by norms of projections and the properties of alternative completeness in Euclidean and unitary spaces. The theorem on ranks of one linear operator is considered, the result of which in some cases can be regarded as another criterion for the possibility to restore a vector-signal. As a result of this work, the equivalence of the alternative completeness property and the statement of the rank theorem for Euclidean space is proved. It is shown that the rank theorem in the real case can be extended to the systems of subspaces.

The questions about the minimum number of vectors admissible for reconstruction by modules of measurements are considered. The results available at the moment are presented, which are summarized in the form of a table for spaces of dimension less than 10. Also the known results to the question of the minimum number of subspaces admitting reconstruction by the norms of projections are briefly given.

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1. Восстановление по модулям измерений

Во многих прикладных исследованиях возникает задача восстановления неизвестного вектор-сигнала x D MathType@MTEF@5@5@+= feaahqart1ev3aaatCvAUfeBSjuyZL2yd9gzLbvyNv2CaerbuLwBLn hiov2DGi1BTfMBaeXatLxBI9gBaerbd9wDYLwzYbItLDharqqtubsr 4rNCHbGeaGqiVu0Je9sqqrpepC0xbbL8F4rqqrFfpeea0xe9Lq=Jc9 vqaqpepm0xbba9pwe9Q8fs0=yqaqpepae9pg0FirpepeKkFr0xfr=x fr=xb9adbaqaaeGaciGaaiaabeqaamaabaabaaGcqqaaaaaaaaGqSf 2yRbWdbeaapaGaaCiEaiabgIGioprr1ngBPrwtHrhAYaqeguuDJXwA KbstHrhAGq1DVbacfaGae8xdHG0aaWbaaSqabeaacaWGebaaaaaa@461C@ ( D MathType@MTEF@5@5@+= feaahqart1ev3aaatCvAUfeBSjuyZL2yd9gzLbvyNv2CaerbuLwBLn hiov2DGi1BTfMBaeXatLxBI9gBaerbd9wDYLwzYbItLDharqqtubsr 4rNCHbGeaGqiVu0Je9sqqrpepC0xbbL8F4rqqrFfpeea0xe9Lq=Jc9 vqaqpepm0xbba9pwe9Q8fs0=yqaqpepae9pg0FirpepeKkFr0xfr=x fr=xb9adbaqaaeGaciGaaiaabeqaamaabaabaaGcqqaaaaaaaaGqSf 2yRbWdbeaatuuDJXwAK1uy0HMmaeHbfv3ySLgzG0uy0HgiuD3BaGqb a8aacqWFnecsdaahaaWcbeqaaiaadseaaaaaaa@4397@ обозначает D MathType@MTEF@5@5@+= feaahqart1ev3aaatCvAUfeBSjuyZL2yd9gzLbvyNv2CaerbuLwBLn hiov2DGi1BTfMBaeXatLxBI9gBaerbd9wDYLwzYbItLDharqqtubsr 4rNCHbGeaGqiVu0Je9sqqrpepC0xbbL8F4rqqrFfpeea0xe9Lq=Jc9 vqaqpepm0xbba9pwe9Q8fs0=yqaqpepae9pg0FirpepeKkFr0xfr=x fr=xb9adbaqaaeGaciGaaiaabeqaamaabaabaaGcqqaaaaaaaaGqSf 2yRbWdbeaapaGaamiraaaa@38CC@ -мерное евклидово или унитарное пространство) с помощью набора измерительных векторов Φ={ φ k } k=1 N MathType@MTEF@5@5@+= feaahqart1ev3aaatCvAUfeBSjuyZL2yd9gzLbvyNv2CaerbuLwBLn hiov2DGi1BTfMBaeXatLxBI9gBaerbd9wDYLwzYbItLDharqqtubsr 4rNCHbGeaGqiVu0Je9sqqrpepC0xbbL8F4rqqrFfpeea0xe9Lq=Jc9 vqaqpepm0xbba9pwe9Q8fs0=yqaqpepae9pg0FirpepeKkFr0xfr=x fr=xb9adbaqaaeGaciGaaiaabeqaamaabaabaaGcqqaaaaaaaaGqSf 2yRbWdbeaapaGaeuOPdyKaaGypaiaaiUhacqaHgpGAdaWgaaWcbaGa am4AaaqabaGccaaI9bWaa0baaSqaaiaadUgacaaI9aGaaGymaaqaai aad6eaaaaaaa@42A5@ , когда доступны лишь результаты измерений этого сигнала в виде модулей скалярных произведений |x, φ k | MathType@MTEF@5@5@+= feaahqart1ev3aaatCvAUfeBSjuyZL2yd9gzLbvyNv2CaerbuLwBLn hiov2DGi1BTfMBaeXatLxBI9gBaerbd9wDYLwzYbItLDharqqtubsr 4rNCHbGeaGqiVu0Je9sqqrpepC0xbbL8F4rqqrFfpeea0xe9Lq=Jc9 vqaqpepm0xbba9pwe9Q8fs0=yqaqpepae9pg0FirpepeKkFr0xfr=x fr=xb9adbaqaaeGaciGaaiaabeqaamaabaabaaGcqqaaaaaaaaGqSf 2yRbWdbeaapaGaaGiFaiabgMYiHlaahIhacaaISaGaeqOXdO2aaSba aSqaaiaadUgaaeqaaOGaeyOkJeVaaGiFaaaa@422C@ .

Определение 1.1. Набор векторов Φ={ φ k } k=1 N MathType@MTEF@5@5@+= feaahqart1ev3aaatCvAUfeBSjuyZL2yd9gzLbvyNv2CaerbuLwBLn hiov2DGi1BTfMBaeXatLxBI9gBaerbd9wDYLwzYbItLDharqqtubsr 4rNCHbGeaGqiVu0Je9sqqrpepC0xbbL8F4rqqrFfpeea0xe9Lq=Jc9 vqaqpepm0xbba9pwe9Q8fs0=yqaqpepae9pg0FirpepeKkFr0xfr=x fr=xb9adbaqaaeGaciGaaiaabeqaamaabaabaaGcqqaaaaaaaaGqSf 2yRbWdbeaapaGaeuOPdyKaaGypaiaaiUhacqaHgpGAdaWgaaWcbaGa am4AaaqabaGccaaI9bWaa0baaSqaaiaadUgacaaI9aGaaGymaaqaai aad6eaaaaaaa@42A5@ восстанавливает вектор-сигнал по модулям измерений (ВМИ), если для любых x,y D MathType@MTEF@5@5@+= feaahqart1ev3aaatCvAUfeBSjuyZL2yd9gzLbvyNv2CaerbuLwBLn hiov2DGi1BTfMBaeXatLxBI9gBaerbd9wDYLwzYbItLDharqqtubsr 4rNCHbGeaGqiVu0Je9sqqrpepC0xbbL8F4rqqrFfpeea0xe9Lq=Jc9 vqaqpepm0xbba9pwe9Q8fs0=yqaqpepae9pg0FirpepeKkFr0xfr=x fr=xb9adbaqaaeGaciGaaiaabeqaamaabaabaaGcqqaaaaaaaaGqSf 2yRbWdbeaapaGaaCiEaiaaiYcacaWH5bGaeyicI48efv3ySLgznfgD Ojdaryqr1ngBPrginfgDObcv39gaiuaacqWFnecsdaahaaWcbeqaai aadseaaaaaaa@47D4@ , таких, что |x, φ k |=|y, φ k | MathType@MTEF@5@5@+= feaahqart1ev3aaatCvAUfeBSjuyZL2yd9gzLbvyNv2CaerbuLwBLn hiov2DGi1BTfMBaeXatLxBI9gBaerbd9wDYLwzYbItLDharqqtubsr 4rNCHbGeaGqiVu0Je9sqqrpepC0xbbL8F4rqqrFfpeea0xe9Lq=Jc9 vqaqpepm0xbba9pwe9Q8fs0=yqaqpepae9pg0FirpepeKkFr0xfr=x fr=xb9adbaqaaeGaciGaaiaabeqaamaabaabaaGcqqaaaaaaaaGqSf 2yRbWdbeaapaGaaGiFaiabgMYiHlaahIhacaaISaGaeqOXdO2aaSba aSqaaiaadUgaaeqaaOGaeyOkJeVaaGiFaiaai2dacaaI8bGaeyykJe UaaCyEaiaaiYcacqaHgpGAdaWgaaWcbaGaam4AaaqabaGccqGHQms8 caaI8baaaa@4D1D@ для всех k=1,,N, MathType@MTEF@5@5@+= feaahqart1ev3aaatCvAUfeBSjuyZL2yd9gzLbvyNv2CaerbuLwBLn hiov2DGi1BTfMBaeXatLxBI9gBaerbd9wDYLwzYbItLDharqqtubsr 4rNCHbGeaGqiVu0Je9sqqrpepC0xbbL8F4rqqrFfpeea0xe9Lq=Jc9 vqaqpepm0xbba9pwe9Q8fs0=yqaqpepae9pg0FirpepeKkFr0xfr=x fr=xb9adbaqaaeGaciGaaiaabeqaamaabaabaaGcqqaaaaaaaaGqSf 2yRbWdbeaapaGaam4Aaiaai2dacaaIXaGaaGilaiablAciljaaiYca caWGobGaaGilaaaa@3E8C@ имеем x=cy, MathType@MTEF@5@5@+= feaahqart1ev3aaatCvAUfeBSjuyZL2yd9gzLbvyNv2CaerbuLwBLn hiov2DGi1BTfMBaeXatLxBI9gBaerbd9wDYLwzYbItLDharqqtubsr 4rNCHbGeaGqiVu0Je9sqqrpepC0xbbL8F4rqqrFfpeea0xe9Lq=Jc9 vqaqpepm0xbba9pwe9Q8fs0=yqaqpepae9pg0FirpepeKkFr0xfr=x fr=xb9adbaqaaeGaciGaaiaabeqaamaabaabaaGcqqaaaaaaaaGqSf 2yRbWdbeaapaGaaCiEaiaai2dacaWGJbGaaCyEaiaaiYcaaaa@3C6B@ где |c|=1 MathType@MTEF@5@5@+= feaahqart1ev3aaatCvAUfeBSjuyZL2yd9gzLbvyNv2CaerbuLwBLn hiov2DGi1BTfMBaeXatLxBI9gBaerbd9wDYLwzYbItLDharqqtubsr 4rNCHbGeaGqiVu0Je9sqqrpepC0xbbL8F4rqqrFfpeea0xe9Lq=Jc9 vqaqpepm0xbba9pwe9Q8fs0=yqaqpepae9pg0FirpepeKkFr0xfr=x fr=xb9adbaqaaeGaciGaaiaabeqaamaabaabaaGcqqaaaaaaaaGqSf 2yRbWdbeaapaGaaGiFaiaadogacaaI8bGaaGypaiaaigdaaaa@3C79@ .

Это определение также может быть сформулировано в виде свойства инъективности (с точностью до унимодулярного множителя) нелинейного оператора (A(x))(k):=|x, φ k | 2 ,k=1,,N. MathType@MTEF@5@5@+= feaahqart1ev3aaatCvAUfeBSjuyZL2yd9gzLbvyNv2CaerbuLwBLn hiov2DGi1BTfMBaeXatLxBI9gBaerbd9wDYLwzYbItLDharqqtubsr 4rNCHbGeaGqiVu0Je9sqqrpepC0xbbL8F4rqqrFfpeea0xe9Lq=Jc9 vqaqpepm0xbba9pwe9Q8fs0=yqaqpepae9pg0FirpepeKkFr0xfr=x fr=xb9adbaqaaeGaciGaaiaabeqaamaabaabaaGcqqaaaaaaaaGqSf 2yRbWdbeaapaGaaGikamrr1ngBPrwtHrhAXaqeguuDJXwAKbstHrhA G8KBLbacfaGae8haXhKaaGikaiaahIhacaaIPaGaaGykaiaaiIcaca WGRbGaaGykaiaaiQdacaaI9aGaaGiFaiabgMYiHlaahIhacaaISaGa eqOXdO2aaSbaaSqaaiaadUgaaeqaaOGaeyOkJeVaaGiFamaaCaaale qabaGaaGOmaaaakiaaiYcacaaMe8Uaam4Aaiaai2dacaaIXaGaaGil aiablAciljaaiYcacaWGobGaaGOlaaaa@5ED9@

Определение 1.2. Набор векторов { φ k } k=1 N MathType@MTEF@5@5@+= feaahqart1ev3aaatCvAUfeBSjuyZL2yd9gzLbvyNv2CaerbuLwBLn hiov2DGi1BTfMBaeXatLxBI9gBaerbd9wDYLwzYbItLDharqqtubsr 4rNCHbGeaGqiVu0Je9sqqrpepC0xbbL8F4rqqrFfpeea0xe9Lq=Jc9 vqaqpepm0xbba9pwe9Q8fs0=yqaqpepae9pg0FirpepeKkFr0xfr=x fr=xb9adbaqaaeGaciGaaiaabeqaamaabaabaaGcqqaaaaaaaaGqSf 2yRbWdbeaapaGaaG4EaiabeA8aQnaaBaaaleaacaWGRbaabeaakiaa i2hadaqhaaWcbaGaam4Aaiaai2dacaaIXaaabaGaamOtaaaaaaa@4064@ в D MathType@MTEF@5@5@+= feaahqart1ev3aaatCvAUfeBSjuyZL2yd9gzLbvyNv2CaerbuLwBLn hiov2DGi1BTfMBaeXatLxBI9gBaerbd9wDYLwzYbItLDharqqtubsr 4rNCHbGeaGqiVu0Je9sqqrpepC0xbbL8F4rqqrFfpeea0xe9Lq=Jc9 vqaqpepm0xbba9pwe9Q8fs0=yqaqpepae9pg0FirpepeKkFr0xfr=x fr=xb9adbaqaaeGaciGaaiaabeqaamaabaabaaGcqqaaaaaaaaGqSf 2yRbWdbeaatuuDJXwAK1uy0HMmaeHbfv3ySLgzG0uy0HgiuD3BaGqb a8aacqWFnecsdaahaaWcbeqaaiaadseaaaaaaa@4397@ обладает свойством альтернативной полноты ( АП), если для каждого подмножества T{1,,N}, MathType@MTEF@5@5@+= feaahqart1ev3aaatCvAUfeBSjuyZL2yd9gzLbvyNv2CaerbuLwBLn hiov2DGi1BTfMBaeXatLxBI9gBaerbd9wDYLwzYbItLDharqqtubsr 4rNCHbGeaGqiVu0Je9sqqrpepC0xbbL8F4rqqrFfpeea0xe9Lq=Jc9 vqaqpepm0xbba9pwe9Q8fs0=yqaqpepae9pg0FirpepeKkFr0xfr=x fr=xb9adbaqaaeGaciGaaiaabeqaamaabaabaaGcqqaaaaaaaaGqSf 2yRbWdbeaapaGaamivaiabgAOinlaaiUhacaaIXaGaaGilaiablAci ljaaiYcacaWGobGaaGyFaiaaiYcaaaa@41BB@ по крайней мере, одно из множеств { φ k } kT MathType@MTEF@5@5@+= feaahqart1ev3aaatCvAUfeBSjuyZL2yd9gzLbvyNv2CaerbuLwBLn hiov2DGi1BTfMBaeXatLxBI9gBaerbd9wDYLwzYbItLDharqqtubsr 4rNCHbGeaGqiVu0Je9sqqrpepC0xbbL8F4rqqrFfpeea0xe9Lq=Jc9 vqaqpepm0xbba9pwe9Q8fs0=yqaqpepae9pg0FirpepeKkFr0xfr=x fr=xb9adbaqaaeGaciGaaiaabeqaamaabaabaaGcqqaaaaaaaaGqSf 2yRbWdbeaapaGaaG4EaiabeA8aQnaaBaaaleaacaWGRbaabeaakiaa i2hadaWgaaWcbaGaam4AaiabgIGiolaadsfaaeqaaaaa@406B@ или { φ k } k T C MathType@MTEF@5@5@+= feaahqart1ev3aaatCvAUfeBSjuyZL2yd9gzLbvyNv2CaerbuLwBLn hiov2DGi1BTfMBaeXatLxBI9gBaerbd9wDYLwzYbItLDharqqtubsr 4rNCHbGeaGqiVu0Je9sqqrpepC0xbbL8F4rqqrFfpeea0xe9Lq=Jc9 vqaqpepm0xbba9pwe9Q8fs0=yqaqpepae9pg0FirpepeKkFr0xfr=x fr=xb9adbaqaaeGaciGaaiaabeqaamaabaabaaGcqqaaaaaaaaGqSf 2yRbWdbeaapaGaaG4EaiabeA8aQnaaBaaaleaacaWGRbaabeaakiaa i2hadaWgaaWcbaGaam4AaiabgIGiolaadsfadaahaaqabeaacaWGdb aaaaqabaaaaa@4155@ полно в D MathType@MTEF@5@5@+= feaahqart1ev3aaatCvAUfeBSjuyZL2yd9gzLbvyNv2CaerbuLwBLn hiov2DGi1BTfMBaeXatLxBI9gBaerbd9wDYLwzYbItLDharqqtubsr 4rNCHbGeaGqiVu0Je9sqqrpepC0xbbL8F4rqqrFfpeea0xe9Lq=Jc9 vqaqpepm0xbba9pwe9Q8fs0=yqaqpepae9pg0FirpepeKkFr0xfr=x fr=xb9adbaqaaeGaciGaaiaabeqaamaabaabaaGcqqaaaaaaaaGqSf 2yRbWdbeaatuuDJXwAK1uy0HMmaeHbfv3ySLgzG0uy0HgiuD3BaGqb a8aacqWFnecsdaahaaWcbeqaaiaadseaaaaaaa@4397@ .

Известно [1], что в D MathType@MTEF@5@5@+= feaahqart1ev3aaatCvAUfeBSjuyZL2yd9gzLbvyNv2CaerbuLwBLn hiov2DGi1BTfMBaeXatLxBI9gBaerbd9wDYLwzYbItLDharqqtubsr 4rNCHbGeaGqiVu0Je9sqqrpepC0xbbL8F4rqqrFfpeea0xe9Lq=Jc9 vqaqpepm0xbba9pwe9Q8fs0=yqaqpepae9pg0FirpepeKkFr0xfr=x fr=xb9adbaqaaeGaciGaaiaabeqaamaabaabaaGcqqaaaaaaaaGqSf 2yRbWdbeaatuuDJXwAK1uy0HMmaeHbfv3ySLgzG0uy0HgiuD3BaGqb a8aacqWFDeIudaahaaWcbeqaaiaadseaaaaaaa@43B1@ свойства ВМИ и АП оказываются эквивалентными. В D MathType@MTEF@5@5@+= feaahqart1ev3aaatCvAUfeBSjuyZL2yd9gzLbvyNv2CaerbuLwBLn hiov2DGi1BTfMBaeXatLxBI9gBaerbd9wDYLwzYbItLDharqqtubsr 4rNCHbGeaGqiVu0Je9sqqrpepC0xbbL8F4rqqrFfpeea0xe9Lq=Jc9 vqaqpepm0xbba9pwe9Q8fs0=yqaqpepae9pg0FirpepeKkFr0xfr=x fr=xb9adbaqaaeGaciGaaiaabeqaamaabaabaaGcqqaaaaaaaaGqSf 2yRbWdbeaatuuDJXwAK1uy0HMmaeHbfv3ySLgzG0uy0HgiuD3BaGqb a8aacqWFceYqdaahaaWcbeqaaiaadseaaaaaaa@4387@ свойство АП является необходимым, но недостаточным для выполнения свойства ВМИ [1].

Для линеаризации задачи вводится оператор суперанализа A MathType@MTEF@5@5@+= feaahqart1ev3aaatCvAUfeBSjuyZL2yd9gzLbvyNv2CaerbuLwBLn hiov2DGi1BTfMBaeXatLxBI9gBaerbd9wDYLwzYbItLDharqqtubsr 4rNCHbGeaGqiVu0Je9sqqrpepC0xbbL8F4rqqrFfpeea0xe9Lq=Jc9 vqaqpepm0xbba9pwe9Q8fs0=yqaqpepae9pg0FirpepeKkFr0xfr=x fr=xb9adbaqaaeGaciGaaiaabeqaamaabaabaaGcqqaaaaaaaaGqSf 2yRbWdbeaapaGaaCyqaaaa@38CD@ , определенный на пространстве самосопряженных матриц D×D MathType@MTEF@5@5@+= feaahqart1ev3aaatCvAUfeBSjuyZL2yd9gzLbvyNv2CaerbuLwBLn hiov2DGi1BTfMBaeXatLxBI9gBaerbd9wDYLwzYbItLDharqqtubsr 4rNCHbGeaGqiVu0Je9sqqrpepC0xbbL8F4rqqrFfpeea0xe9Lq=Jc9 vqaqpepm0xbba9pwe9Q8fs0=yqaqpepae9pg0FirpepeKkFr0xfr=x fr=xb9adbaqaaeGaciGaaiaabeqaamaabaabaaGcqqaaaaaaaaGqSf 2yRbWdbeaatuuDJXwAK1uy0HMmaeHbfv3ySLgzG0uy0HgiuD3BaGqb a8aacqWFnecsdaahaaWcbeqaaiaadseacqGHxdaTcaWGebaaaaaa@4677@ равенством

(AH)(k)= H, φ k φ k * HS =tr φ k φ k * x x * , MathType@MTEF@5@5@+= feaahqart1ev3aaatCvAUfeBSjuyZL2yd9gzLbvyNv2CaerbuLwBLn hiov2DGi1BTfMBaeXatLxBI9gBaerbd9wDYLwzYbItLDharqqtubsr 4rNCHbGeaGqiVu0Je9sqqrpepC0xbbL8F4rqqrFfpeea0xe9Lq=Jc9 vqaqpepm0xbba9pwe9Q8fs0=yqaqpepae9pg0FirpepeKkFr0xfr=x fr=xb9adbaqaaeGaciGaaiaabeqaamaabaabaaGcqqaaaaaaaaGqSf 2yRbWdbeaapaGaaGikaiaahgeacaWGibGaaGykaiaaiIcacaWGRbGa aGykaiaai2dadaaadaqaaiaadIeacaaISaGaeqOXdO2aaSbaaSqaai aadUgaaeqaaOGaeqOXdO2aa0baaSqaaiaadUgaaeaacaaIQaaaaaGc caGLPmIaayPkJaWaaSbaaSqaaiaadIeacaWGtbaabeaakiaai2daca aMi8UaamiDaiaadkhacaaMi8UaaGjcVpaadmaabaGaeqOXdO2aaSba aSqaaiaadUgaaeqaaOGaeqOXdO2aa0baaSqaaiaadUgaaeaacaaIQa aaaOGaaCiEaiaahIhadaahaaWcbeqaaiaaiQcaaaaakiaawUfacaGL DbaacaaISaaaaa@5D3E@ (1)

где HS MathType@MTEF@5@5@+= feaahqart1ev3aaatCvAUfeBSjuyZL2yd9gzLbvyNv2CaerbuLwBLn hiov2DGi1BTfMBaeXatLxBI9gBaerbd9wDYLwzYbItLDharqqtubsr 4rNCHbGeaGqiVu0Je9sqqrpepC0xbbL8F4rqqrFfpeea0xe9Lq=Jc9 vqaqpepm0xbba9pwe9Q8fs0=yqaqpepae9pg0FirpepeKkFr0xfr=x fr=xb9adbaqaaeGaciGaaiaabeqaamaabaabaaGcqqaaaaaaaaGqSf 2yRbWdbeaapaGaamisaiaadofaaaa@39A8@ MathType@MTEF@5@5@+= feaahqart1ev3aqatCvAUfeBSjuyZL2yd9gzLbvyNv2CaerbuLwBLn hiov2DGi1BTfMBaeXatLxBI9gBaerbd9wDYLwzYbItLDharqqtubsr 4rNCHbGeaGqiVu0Je9sqqrpepC0xbbL8F4rqqrFfpeea0xe9Lq=Jc9 vqaqpepm0xbba9pwe9Q8fs0=yqaqpepae9pg0FirpepeKkFr0xfr=x fr=xb9adbaqaaeGaciGaaiaabeqaamaabaabaaGcqqaaaaaaaaGqSf 2yRbWdbeaaruWqHXwAIjxAaGqbaKqzGfaeaaaaaaaaa8GacaWFuaca aa@3C73@ скалярное произведение Гильберта MathType@MTEF@5@5@+= feaahqart1ev3aqatCvAUfeBSjuyZL2yd9gzLbvyNv2CaerbuLwBLn hiov2DGi1BTfMBaeXatLxBI9gBaerbd9wDYLwzYbItLDharqqtubsr 4rNCHbGeaGqiVu0Je9sqqrpepC0xbbL8F4rqqrFfpeea0xe9Lq=Jc9 vqaqpepm0xbba9pwe9Q8fs0=yqaqpepae9pg0FirpepeKkFr0xfr=x fr=xb9adbaqaaeGaciGaaiaabeqaamaabaabaaGcqqaaaaaaaaGqSf 2yRbWdbeaaruWqHXwAIjxAaGqbaKqzGfaeaaaaaaaaa8GacaWFuaca aa@3C73@ Шмидта.

В силу линейности скалярного произведения по первому аргументу A MathType@MTEF@5@5@+= feaahqart1ev3aaatCvAUfeBSjuyZL2yd9gzLbvyNv2CaerbuLwBLn hiov2DGi1BTfMBaeXatLxBI9gBaerbd9wDYLwzYbItLDharqqtubsr 4rNCHbGeaGqiVu0Je9sqqrpepC0xbbL8F4rqqrFfpeea0xe9Lq=Jc9 vqaqpepm0xbba9pwe9Q8fs0=yqaqpepae9pg0FirpepeKkFr0xfr=x fr=xb9adbaqaaeGaciGaaiaabeqaamaabaabaaGcqqaaaaaaaaGqSf 2yRbWdbeaapaGaaCyqaaaa@38CD@ является линейным оператором, и

Ax x * (k)= x x * , φ k φ k * HS =tr φ k φ k * x x * =tr φ k * x x * φ k = φ k * x x * φ k = x, φ k 2 =A(x)(k). MathType@MTEF@5@5@+= feaahqart1ev3aaatCvAUfeBSjuyZL2yd9gzLbvyNv2CaerbuLwBLn hiov2DGi1BTfMBaeXatLxBI9gBaerbd9wDYLwzYbItLDharqqtubsr 4rNCHbGeaGqiVu0Je9sqqrpepC0xbbL8F4rqqrFfpeea0xe9Lq=Jc9 vqaqpepm0xbba9pwe9Q8fs0=yqaqpepae9pg0FirpepeKkFr0xfr=x fr=xb9adbaqaaeGaciGaaiaabeqaamaabaabaaGcqqaaaaaaaaGqSf 2yRbWdbeaapaWaaeWaaeaacaWHbbGaaCiEaiaahIhadaahaaWcbeqa aiaaiQcaaaaakiaawIcacaGLPaaacaaIOaGaam4AaiaaiMcacaaI9a WaaaWaaeaacaWH4bGaaCiEamaaCaaaleqabaGaaGOkaaaakiaaiYca cqaHgpGAdaWgaaWcbaGaam4AaaqabaGccqaHgpGAdaqhaaWcbaGaam 4AaaqaaiaaiQcaaaaakiaawMYicaGLQmcadaWgaaWcbaGaamisaiaa dofaaeqaaOGaaGypaiaayIW7caWG0bGaamOCaiaayIW7caaMi8+aam WaaeaacqaHgpGAdaWgaaWcbaGaam4AaaqabaGccqaHgpGAdaqhaaWc baGaam4AaaqaaiaaiQcaaaGccaWH4bGaaCiEamaaCaaaleqabaGaaG OkaaaaaOGaay5waiaaw2faaiaai2dacaaMi8UaamiDaiaadkhacaaM i8UaaGjcVpaadmaabaGaeqOXdO2aa0baaSqaaiaadUgaaeaacaaIQa aaaOGaaCiEaiaahIhadaahaaWcbeqaaiaaiQcaaaGccqaHgpGAdaWg aaWcbaGaam4AaaqabaaakiaawUfacaGLDbaacaaI9aGaeqOXdO2aa0 baaSqaaiaadUgaaeaacaaIQaaaaOGaaCiEaiaahIhadaahaaWcbeqa aiaaiQcaaaGccqaHgpGAdaWgaaWcbaGaam4AaaqabaGccaaI9aWaaq WaaeaacqGHPms4caWH4bGaaGilaiabeA8aQnaaBaaaleaacaWGRbaa beaakiabgQYiXdGaay5bSlaawIa7amaaCaaaleqabaGaaGOmaaaaki aai2datuuDJXwAK1uy0HwmaeHbfv3ySLgzG0uy0Hgip5wzaGqbaiab =bq8bjaaiIcacaWH4bGaaGykaiaaiIcacaWGRbGaaGykaiaai6caaa a@9C53@ (2)

Переход от нелинейного оператора A MathType@MTEF@5@5@+= feaahqart1ev3aaatCvAUfeBSjuyZL2yd9gzLbvyNv2CaerbuLwBLn hiov2DGi1BTfMBaeXatLxBI9gBaerbd9wDYLwzYbItLDharqqtubsr 4rNCHbGeaGqiVu0Je9sqqrpepC0xbbL8F4rqqrFfpeea0xe9Lq=Jc9 vqaqpepm0xbba9pwe9Q8fs0=yqaqpepae9pg0FirpepeKkFr0xfr=x fr=xb9adbaqaaeGaciGaaiaabeqaamaabaabaaGcqqaaaaaaaaGqSf 2yRbWdbeaatuuDJXwAK1uy0HwmaeHbfv3ySLgzG0uy0Hgip5wzaGqb a8aacqWFaeFqaaa@4344@ к линейному оператору A MathType@MTEF@5@5@+= feaahqart1ev3aaatCvAUfeBSjuyZL2yd9gzLbvyNv2CaerbuLwBLn hiov2DGi1BTfMBaeXatLxBI9gBaerbd9wDYLwzYbItLDharqqtubsr 4rNCHbGeaGqiVu0Je9sqqrpepC0xbbL8F4rqqrFfpeea0xe9Lq=Jc9 vqaqpepm0xbba9pwe9Q8fs0=yqaqpepae9pg0FirpepeKkFr0xfr=x fr=xb9adbaqaaeGaciGaaiaabeqaamaabaabaaGcqqaaaaaaaaGqSf 2yRbWdbeaapaGaaCyqaaaa@38CD@ называют <<подъемом фазы>> (в англоязычной литературе phase lift). Таким образом, xmodT MathType@MTEF@5@5@+= feaahqart1ev3aaatCvAUfeBSjuyZL2yd9gzLbvyNv2CaerbuLwBLn hiov2DGi1BTfMBaeXatLxBI9gBaerbd9wDYLwzYbItLDharqqtubsr 4rNCHbGeaGqiVu0Je9sqqrpepC0xbbL8F4rqqrFfpeea0xe9Lq=Jc9 vqaqpepm0xbba9pwe9Q8fs0=yqaqpepae9pg0FirpepeKkFr0xfr=x fr=xb9adbaqaaeGaciGaaiaabeqaamaabaabaaGcqqaaaaaaaaGqSf 2yRbWdbeaapaGaaCiEaiaayIW7caaMi8UaamyBaiaad+gacaWGKbGa aGjcVlaayIW7tuuDJXwAK1uy0HMmaeHbfv3ySLgzG0uy0HgiuD3BaG qbaiab=nj8ubaa@4E16@ <<поднимается>> до x x * , MathType@MTEF@5@5@+= feaahqart1ev3aaatCvAUfeBSjuyZL2yd9gzLbvyNv2CaerbuLwBLn hiov2DGi1BTfMBaeXatLxBI9gBaerbd9wDYLwzYbItLDharqqtubsr 4rNCHbGeaGqiVu0Je9sqqrpepC0xbbL8F4rqqrFfpeea0xe9Lq=Jc9 vqaqpepm0xbba9pwe9Q8fs0=yqaqpepae9pg0FirpepeKkFr0xfr=x fr=xb9adbaqaaeGaciGaaiaabeqaamaabaabaaGcqqaaaaaaaaGqSf 2yRbWdbeaapaGaaCiEaiaahIhadaahaaWcbeqaaiaaiQcaaaGccaaI Saaaaa@3BA6@ что позволяет линеаризовать оператор A MathType@MTEF@5@5@+= feaahqart1ev3aaatCvAUfeBSjuyZL2yd9gzLbvyNv2CaerbuLwBLn hiov2DGi1BTfMBaeXatLxBI9gBaerbd9wDYLwzYbItLDharqqtubsr 4rNCHbGeaGqiVu0Je9sqqrpepC0xbbL8F4rqqrFfpeea0xe9Lq=Jc9 vqaqpepm0xbba9pwe9Q8fs0=yqaqpepae9pg0FirpepeKkFr0xfr=x fr=xb9adbaqaaeGaciGaaiaabeqaamaabaabaaGcqqaaaaaaaaGqSf 2yRbWdbeaatuuDJXwAK1uy0HwmaeHbfv3ySLgzG0uy0Hgip5wzaGqb a8aacqWFaeFqaaa@4344@ за счет увеличения размерности пространства MathType@MTEF@5@5@+= feaahqart1ev3aqatCvAUfeBSjuyZL2yd9gzLbvyNv2CaerbuLwBLn hiov2DGi1BTfMBaeXatLxBI9gBaerbd9wDYLwzYbItLDharqqtubsr 4rNCHbGeaGqiVu0Je9sqqrpepC0xbbL8F4rqqrFfpeea0xe9Lq=Jc9 vqaqpepm0xbba9pwe9Q8fs0=yqaqpepae9pg0FirpepeKkFr0xfr=x fr=xb9adbaqaaeGaciGaaiaabeqaamaabaabaaGcqqaaaaaaaaGqSf 2yRbWdbeaaruWqHXwAIjxAaGqbaKqzGfaeaaaaaaaaa8GacaWFuaca aa@3C73@ области определения.

Теорема 1.3. Оператор A MathType@MTEF@5@5@+= feaahqart1ev3aaatCvAUfeBSjuyZL2yd9gzLbvyNv2CaerbuLwBLn hiov2DGi1BTfMBaeXatLxBI9gBaerbd9wDYLwzYbItLDharqqtubsr 4rNCHbGeaGqiVu0Je9sqqrpepC0xbbL8F4rqqrFfpeea0xe9Lq=Jc9 vqaqpepm0xbba9pwe9Q8fs0=yqaqpepae9pg0FirpepeKkFr0xfr=x fr=xb9adbaqaaeGaciGaaiaabeqaamaabaabaaGcqqaaaaaaaaGqSf 2yRbWdbeaatuuDJXwAK1uy0HwmaeHbfv3ySLgzG0uy0Hgip5wzaGqb a8aacqWFaeFqaaa@4344@ не является инъективным тогда и только тогда, когда ядро оператора A MathType@MTEF@5@5@+= feaahqart1ev3aaatCvAUfeBSjuyZL2yd9gzLbvyNv2CaerbuLwBLn hiov2DGi1BTfMBaeXatLxBI9gBaerbd9wDYLwzYbItLDharqqtubsr 4rNCHbGeaGqiVu0Je9sqqrpepC0xbbL8F4rqqrFfpeea0xe9Lq=Jc9 vqaqpepm0xbba9pwe9Q8fs0=yqaqpepae9pg0FirpepeKkFr0xfr=x fr=xb9adbaqaaeGaciGaaiaabeqaamaabaabaaGcqqaaaaaaaaGqSf 2yRbWdbeaapaGaaCyqaaaa@38CD@ содержит матрицы, ранг которых равен 1 или 2. (В [2] эта теорема доказана для пространства D MathType@MTEF@5@5@+= feaahqart1ev3aaatCvAUfeBSjuyZL2yd9gzLbvyNv2CaerbuLwBLn hiov2DGi1BTfMBaeXatLxBI9gBaerbd9wDYLwzYbItLDharqqtubsr 4rNCHbGeaGqiVu0Je9sqqrpepC0xbbL8F4rqqrFfpeea0xe9Lq=Jc9 vqaqpepm0xbba9pwe9Q8fs0=yqaqpepae9pg0FirpepeKkFr0xfr=x fr=xb9adbaqaaeGaciGaaiaabeqaamaabaabaaGcqqaaaaaaaaGqSf 2yRbWdbeaatuuDJXwAK1uy0HMmaeHbfv3ySLgzG0uy0HgiuD3BaGqb a8aacqWFceYqdaahaaWcbeqaaiaadseaaaaaaa@4387@ ).

Доказательство. () MathType@MTEF@5@5@+= feaahqart1ev3aaatCvAUfeBSjuyZL2yd9gzLbvyNv2CaerbuLwBLn hiov2DGi1BTfMBaeXatLxBI9gBaerbd9wDYLwzYbItLDharqqtubsr 4rNCHbGeaGqiVu0Je9sqqrpepC0xbbL8F4rqqrFfpeea0xe9Lq=Jc9 vqaqpepm0xbba9pwe9Q8fs0=yqaqpepae9pg0FirpepeKkFr0xfr=x fr=xb9adbaqaaeGaciGaaiaabeqaamaabaabaaGcqqaaaaaaaaGqSf 2yRbWdbeaapaGaaGikaiabgkDiElaaiMcaaaa@3BC5@

Если оператор A MathType@MTEF@5@5@+= feaahqart1ev3aaatCvAUfeBSjuyZL2yd9gzLbvyNv2CaerbuLwBLn hiov2DGi1BTfMBaeXatLxBI9gBaerbd9wDYLwzYbItLDharqqtubsr 4rNCHbGeaGqiVu0Je9sqqrpepC0xbbL8F4rqqrFfpeea0xe9Lq=Jc9 vqaqpepm0xbba9pwe9Q8fs0=yqaqpepae9pg0FirpepeKkFr0xfr=x fr=xb9adbaqaaeGaciGaaiaabeqaamaabaabaaGcqqaaaaaaaaGqSf 2yRbWdbeaatuuDJXwAK1uy0HwmaeHbfv3ySLgzG0uy0Hgip5wzaGqb a8aacqWFaeFqaaa@4344@ не является инъективным, то

xy D /T:A(x)=A(y)Ax x * =Ay y * x x * y y * kerA. MathType@MTEF@5@5@+= feaahqart1ev3aaatCvAUfeBSjuyZL2yd9gzLbvyNv2CaerbuLwBLn hiov2DGi1BTfMBaeXatLxBI9gBaerbd9wDYLwzYbItLDharqqtubsr 4rNCHbGeaGqiVu0Je9sqqrpepC0xbbL8F4rqqrFfpeea0xe9Lq=Jc9 vqaqpepm0xbba9pwe9Q8fs0=yqaqpepae9pg0FirpepeKkFr0xfr=x fr=xb9adbaqaaeGaciGaaiaabeqaamaabaabaaGcqqaaaaaaaaGqSf 2yRbWdbeaapaGaey4aIqIaaGjcVlaahIhacqGHGjsUcaWH5bGaeyic I48efv3ySLgznfgDOjdaryqr1ngBPrginfgDObcv39gaiuaacqWFce YqdaahaaWcbeqaaiaadseaaaGccaaIVaGae83KWtLaaGOoamrr1ngB PrwtHrhAXaqehuuDJXwAKbstHrhAG8KBLbacgaGae4haXhKaaGikai aahIhacaaIPaGaaGypaiab+bq8bjaaiIcacaWH5bGaaGykaiabgsDi BlaahgeacaWH4bGaaCiEamaaCaaaleqabaGaaGOkaaaakiaai2daca WHbbGaaCyEaiaahMhadaahaaWcbeqaaiaaiQcaaaGccaaMf8UaeyO0 H4TaaGzbVlaahIhacaWH4bWaaWbaaSqabeaacaaIQaaaaOGaeyOeI0 IaaCyEaiaahMhadaahaaWcbeqaaiaaiQcaaaGccqGHiiIZciGGRbGa aiyzaiaackhacaWHbbGaaGOlaaaa@7E55@

rank(x x * y y * )=1 MathType@MTEF@5@5@+= feaahqart1ev3aaatCvAUfeBSjuyZL2yd9gzLbvyNv2CaerbuLwBLn hiov2DGi1BTfMBaeXatLxBI9gBaerbd9wDYLwzYbItLDharqqtubsr 4rNCHbGeaGqiVu0Je9sqqrpepC0xbbL8F4rqqrFfpeea0xe9Lq=Jc9 vqaqpepm0xbba9pwe9Q8fs0=yqaqpepae9pg0FirpepeKkFr0xfr=x fr=xb9adbaqaaeGaciGaaiaabeqaamaabaabaaGcqqaaaaaaaaGqSf 2yRbWdbeaapaGaamOCaiaadggacaWGUbGaam4AaiaaiIcacaWH4bGa aCiEamaaCaaaleqabaGaaGOkaaaakiabgkHiTiaahMhacaWH5bWaaW baaSqabeaacaaIQaaaaOGaaGykaiaai2dacaaIXaaaaa@4573@ , когда x x * MathType@MTEF@5@5@+= feaahqart1ev3aaatCvAUfeBSjuyZL2yd9gzLbvyNv2CaerbuLwBLn hiov2DGi1BTfMBaeXatLxBI9gBaerbd9wDYLwzYbItLDharqqtubsr 4rNCHbGeaGqiVu0Je9sqqrpepC0xbbL8F4rqqrFfpeea0xe9Lq=Jc9 vqaqpepm0xbba9pwe9Q8fs0=yqaqpepae9pg0FirpepeKkFr0xfr=x fr=xb9adbaqaaeGaciGaaiaabeqaamaabaabaaGcqqaaaaaaaaGqSf 2yRbWdbeaapaGaaCiEaiaahIhadaahaaWcbeqaaiaaiQcaaaaaaa@3AE6@ и y y * MathType@MTEF@5@5@+= feaahqart1ev3aaatCvAUfeBSjuyZL2yd9gzLbvyNv2CaerbuLwBLn hiov2DGi1BTfMBaeXatLxBI9gBaerbd9wDYLwzYbItLDharqqtubsr 4rNCHbGeaGqiVu0Je9sqqrpepC0xbbL8F4rqqrFfpeea0xe9Lq=Jc9 vqaqpepm0xbba9pwe9Q8fs0=yqaqpepae9pg0FirpepeKkFr0xfr=x fr=xb9adbaqaaeGaciGaaiaabeqaamaabaabaaGcqqaaaaaaaaGqSf 2yRbWdbeaapaGaaCyEaiaahMhadaahaaWcbeqaaiaaiQcaaaaaaa@3AE8@ либо линейно зависимы, либо один и только один из них нулевой. В случае, когда они линейно независимы, rank(x x * y y * )=2. MathType@MTEF@5@5@+= feaahqart1ev3aaatCvAUfeBSjuyZL2yd9gzLbvyNv2CaerbuLwBLn hiov2DGi1BTfMBaeXatLxBI9gBaerbd9wDYLwzYbItLDharqqtubsr 4rNCHbGeaGqiVu0Je9sqqrpepC0xbbL8F4rqqrFfpeea0xe9Lq=Jc9 vqaqpepm0xbba9pwe9Q8fs0=yqaqpepae9pg0FirpepeKkFr0xfr=x fr=xb9adbaqaaeGaciGaaiaabeqaamaabaabaaGcqqaaaaaaaaGqSf 2yRbWdbeaapaGaamOCaiaadggacaWGUbGaam4AaiaaiIcacaWH4bGa aCiEamaaCaaaleqabaGaaGOkaaaakiabgkHiTiaahMhacaWH5bWaaW baaSqabeaacaaIQaaaaOGaaGykaiaai2dacaaIYaGaaGOlaaaa@462C@

() MathType@MTEF@5@5@+= feaahqart1ev3aaatCvAUfeBSjuyZL2yd9gzLbvyNv2CaerbuLwBLn hiov2DGi1BTfMBaeXatLxBI9gBaerbd9wDYLwzYbItLDharqqtubsr 4rNCHbGeaGqiVu0Je9sqqrpepC0xbbL8F4rqqrFfpeea0xe9Lq=Jc9 vqaqpepm0xbba9pwe9Q8fs0=yqaqpepae9pg0FirpepeKkFr0xfr=x fr=xb9adbaqaaeGaciGaaiaabeqaamaabaabaaGcqqaaaaaaaaGqSf 2yRbWdbeaapaGaaGikaiabgcDiClaaiMcaaaa@3BC1@

rank H =1 MathType@MTEF@5@5@+= feaahqart1ev3aaatCvAUfeBSjuyZL2yd9gzLbvyNv2CaerbuLwBLn hiov2DGi1BTfMBaeXatLxBI9gBaerbd9wDYLwzYbItLDharqqtubsr 4rNCHbGeaGqiVu0Je9sqqrpepC0xbbL8F4rqqrFfpeea0xe9Lq=Jc9 vqaqpepm0xbba9pwe9Q8fs0=yqaqpepae9pg0FirpepeKkFr0xfr=x fr=xb9adbaqaaeGaciGaaiaabeqaamaabaabaaGcqqaaaaaaaaGqSf 2yRbWdbeaapaGaaCOCaiaahggacaWHUbGaaC4AaiaahccacaWHibGa aCiiaiaah2dacaWHXaaaaa@3F76@ .

Пусть HkerA MathType@MTEF@5@5@+= feaahqart1ev3aaatCvAUfeBSjuyZL2yd9gzLbvyNv2CaerbuLwBLn hiov2DGi1BTfMBaeXatLxBI9gBaerbd9wDYLwzYbItLDharqqtubsr 4rNCHbGeaGqiVu0Je9sqqrpepC0xbbL8F4rqqrFfpeea0xe9Lq=Jc9 vqaqpepm0xbba9pwe9Q8fs0=yqaqpepae9pg0FirpepeKkFr0xfr=x fr=xb9adbaqaaeGaciGaaiaabeqaamaabaabaaGcqqaaaaaaaaGqSf 2yRbWdbeaapaGaamisaiabgIGiolGacUgacaGGLbGaaiOCaiaahgea aaa@3DEE@ . Тогда существует x0 D /T MathType@MTEF@5@5@+= feaahqart1ev3aaatCvAUfeBSjuyZL2yd9gzLbvyNv2CaerbuLwBLn hiov2DGi1BTfMBaeXatLxBI9gBaerbd9wDYLwzYbItLDharqqtubsr 4rNCHbGeaGqiVu0Je9sqqrpepC0xbbL8F4rqqrFfpeea0xe9Lq=Jc9 vqaqpepm0xbba9pwe9Q8fs0=yqaqpepae9pg0FirpepeKkFr0xfr=x fr=xb9adbaqaaeGaciGaaiaabeqaamaabaabaaGcqqaaaaaaaaGqSf 2yRbWdbeaapaGaaCiEaiabgcMi5kaaicdacqGHiiIZtuuDJXwAK1uy 0HMmaeHbfv3ySLgzG0uy0HgiuD3BaGqbaiab=jqidnaaCaaaleqaba Gaamiraaaakiaai+cacqWFtcpvaaa@4BAC@ такой, что H=x x * MathType@MTEF@5@5@+= feaahqart1ev3aaatCvAUfeBSjuyZL2yd9gzLbvyNv2CaerbuLwBLn hiov2DGi1BTfMBaeXatLxBI9gBaerbd9wDYLwzYbItLDharqqtubsr 4rNCHbGeaGqiVu0Je9sqqrpepC0xbbL8F4rqqrFfpeea0xe9Lq=Jc9 vqaqpepm0xbba9pwe9Q8fs0=yqaqpepae9pg0FirpepeKkFr0xfr=x fr=xb9adbaqaaeGaciGaaiaabeqaamaabaabaaGcqqaaaaaaaaGqSf 2yRbWdbeaapaGaamisaiaai2dacaWH4bGaaCiEamaaCaaaleqabaGa aGOkaaaaaaa@3C7A@ . AH(k)=A(x x * )(k)=0 MathType@MTEF@5@5@+= feaahqart1ev3aaatCvAUfeBSjuyZL2yd9gzLbvyNv2CaerbuLwBLn hiov2DGi1BTfMBaeXatLxBI9gBaerbd9wDYLwzYbItLDharqqtubsr 4rNCHbGeaGqiVu0Je9sqqrpepC0xbbL8F4rqqrFfpeea0xe9Lq=Jc9 vqaqpepm0xbba9pwe9Q8fs0=yqaqpepae9pg0FirpepeKkFr0xfr=x fr=xb9adbaqaaeGaciGaaiaabeqaamaabaabaaGcqqaaaaaaaaGqSf 2yRbWdbeaapaGaaCyqaiaadIeacaaIOaGaam4AaiaaiMcacaaI9aGa aCyqaiaaiIcacaWH4bGaaCiEamaaCaaaleqabaGaaGOkaaaakiaaiM cacaaIOaGaam4AaiaaiMcacaaI9aGaaGimaaaa@45A8@ . В то же время Ax x * (k)=A(x)(k). MathType@MTEF@5@5@+= feaahqart1ev3aaatCvAUfeBSjuyZL2yd9gzLbvyNv2CaerbuLwBLn hiov2DGi1BTfMBaeXatLxBI9gBaerbd9wDYLwzYbItLDharqqtubsr 4rNCHbGeaGqiVu0Je9sqqrpepC0xbbL8F4rqqrFfpeea0xe9Lq=Jc9 vqaqpepm0xbba9pwe9Q8fs0=yqaqpepae9pg0FirpepeKkFr0xfr=x fr=xb9adbaqaaeGaciGaaiaabeqaamaabaabaaGcqqaaaaaaaaGqSf 2yRbWdbeaapaWaaeWaaeaacaWHbbGaaCiEaiaahIhadaahaaWcbeqa aiaaiQcaaaaakiaawIcacaGLPaaacaaIOaGaam4AaiaaiMcacaaI9a Wefv3ySLgznfgDOfdaryqr1ngBPrginfgDObYtUvgaiuaacqWFaeFq caaIOaGaaCiEaiaaiMcacaaIOaGaam4AaiaaiMcacaaIUaaaaa@5113@ Таким образом A(x)(k)=0=A(0)(k). MathType@MTEF@5@5@+= feaahqart1ev3aaatCvAUfeBSjuyZL2yd9gzLbvyNv2CaerbuLwBLn hiov2DGi1BTfMBaeXatLxBI9gBaerbd9wDYLwzYbItLDharqqtubsr 4rNCHbGeaGqiVu0Je9sqqrpepC0xbbL8F4rqqrFfpeea0xe9Lq=Jc9 vqaqpepm0xbba9pwe9Q8fs0=yqaqpepae9pg0FirpepeKkFr0xfr=x fr=xb9adbaqaaeGaciGaaiaabeqaamaabaabaaGcqqaaaaaaaaGqSf 2yRbWdbeaatuuDJXwAK1uy0HwmaeHbfv3ySLgzG0uy0Hgip5wzaGqb a8aacqWFaeFqcaaIOaGaaCiEaiaaiMcacaaIOaGaam4AaiaaiMcaca aI9aGaaGimaiaai2dacqWFaeFqcaaIOaGaaCimaiaaiMcacaaIOaGa am4AaiaaiMcacaaIUaaaaa@5129@ Однако x 0 MathType@MTEF@5@5@+= feaahqart1ev3aaatCvAUfeBSjuyZL2yd9gzLbvyNv2CaerbuLwBLn hiov2DGi1BTfMBaeXatLxBI9gBaerbd9wDYLwzYbItLDharqqtubsr 4rNCHbGeaGqiVu0Je9sqqrpepC0xbbL8F4rqqrFfpeea0xe9Lq=Jc9 vqaqpepm0xbba9pwe9Q8fs0=yqaqpepae9pg0FirpepeKkFr0xfr=x fr=xb9adbaqaaeGaciGaaiaabeqaamaabaabaaGcqqaaaaaaaaGqSf 2yRbWdbeaapaGaaCiEaiqbggMi6AaawaGaaGimaaaa@3BA4@ mod T MathType@MTEF@5@5@+= feaahqart1ev3aaatCvAUfeBSjuyZL2yd9gzLbvyNv2CaerbuLwBLn hiov2DGi1BTfMBaeXatLxBI9gBaerbd9wDYLwzYbItLDharqqtubsr 4rNCHbGeaGqiVu0Je9sqqrpepC0xbbL8F4rqqrFfpeea0xe9Lq=Jc9 vqaqpepm0xbba9pwe9Q8fs0=yqaqpepae9pg0FirpepeKkFr0xfr=x fr=xb9adbaqaaeGaciGaaiaabeqaamaabaabaaGcqqaaaaaaaaGqSf 2yRbWdbeaatuuDJXwAK1uy0HMmaeHbfv3ySLgzG0uy0HgiuD3BaGqb a8aacqWFtcpvaaa@4402@ , таким образом получили, что оператор A MathType@MTEF@5@5@+= feaahqart1ev3aaatCvAUfeBSjuyZL2yd9gzLbvyNv2CaerbuLwBLn hiov2DGi1BTfMBaeXatLxBI9gBaerbd9wDYLwzYbItLDharqqtubsr 4rNCHbGeaGqiVu0Je9sqqrpepC0xbbL8F4rqqrFfpeea0xe9Lq=Jc9 vqaqpepm0xbba9pwe9Q8fs0=yqaqpepae9pg0FirpepeKkFr0xfr=x fr=xb9adbaqaaeGaciGaaiaabeqaamaabaabaaGcqqaaaaaaaaGqSf 2yRbWdbeaatuuDJXwAK1uy0HwmaeHbfv3ySLgzG0uy0Hgip5wzaGqb a8aacqWFaeFqaaa@4344@ отображает два различных вектора: один нулевой и один ненулевой в нулевое значение, следовательно, не является инъективным.

В пространстве D MathType@MTEF@5@5@+= feaahqart1ev3aaatCvAUfeBSjuyZL2yd9gzLbvyNv2CaerbuLwBLn hiov2DGi1BTfMBaeXatLxBI9gBaerbd9wDYLwzYbItLDharqqtubsr 4rNCHbGeaGqiVu0Je9sqqrpepC0xbbL8F4rqqrFfpeea0xe9Lq=Jc9 vqaqpepm0xbba9pwe9Q8fs0=yqaqpepae9pg0FirpepeKkFr0xfr=x fr=xb9adbaqaaeGaciGaaiaabeqaamaabaabaaGcqqaaaaaaaaGqSf 2yRbWdbeaatuuDJXwAK1uy0HMmaeHbfv3ySLgzG0uy0HgiuD3BaGqb a8aacqWFDeIudaahaaWcbeqaaiaadseaaaaaaa@43B1@ из равенства rank H MathType@MTEF@5@5@+= feaahqart1ev3aaatCvAUfeBSjuyZL2yd9gzLbvyNv2CaerbuLwBLn hiov2DGi1BTfMBaeXatLxBI9gBaerbd9wDYLwzYbItLDharqqtubsr 4rNCHbGeaGqiVu0Je9sqqrpepC0xbbL8F4rqqrFfpeea0xe9Lq=Jc9 vqaqpepm0xbba9pwe9Q8fs0=yqaqpepae9pg0FirpepeKkFr0xfr=x fr=xb9adbaqaaeGaciGaaiaabeqaamaabaabaaGcqqaaaaaaaaGqSf 2yRbWdbeaapaGaamisaaaa@38D0@ = 1 может не следовать существования x0 D /{±1} MathType@MTEF@5@5@+= feaahqart1ev3aaatCvAUfeBSjuyZL2yd9gzLbvyNv2CaerbuLwBLn hiov2DGi1BTfMBaeXatLxBI9gBaerbd9wDYLwzYbItLDharqqtubsr 4rNCHbGeaGqiVu0Je9sqqrpepC0xbbL8F4rqqrFfpeea0xe9Lq=Jc9 vqaqpepm0xbba9pwe9Q8fs0=yqaqpepae9pg0FirpepeKkFr0xfr=x fr=xb9adbaqaaeGaciGaaiaabeqaamaabaabaaGcqqaaaaaaaaGqSf 2yRbWdbeaapaGaaCiEaiabgcMi5kaaicdacqGHiiIZtuuDJXwAK1uy 0HMmaeHbfv3ySLgzG0uy0HgiuD3BaGqbaiab=1risnaaCaaaleqaba Gaamiraaaakiaai+cacaaI7bGaeyySaeRaaGymaiaai2haaaa@4E2F@ такого, что H=x x T MathType@MTEF@5@5@+= feaahqart1ev3aaatCvAUfeBSjuyZL2yd9gzLbvyNv2CaerbuLwBLn hiov2DGi1BTfMBaeXatLxBI9gBaerbd9wDYLwzYbItLDharqqtubsr 4rNCHbGeaGqiVu0Je9sqqrpepC0xbbL8F4rqqrFfpeea0xe9Lq=Jc9 vqaqpepm0xbba9pwe9Q8fs0=yqaqpepae9pg0FirpepeKkFr0xfr=x fr=xb9adbaqaaeGaciGaaiaabeqaamaabaabaaGcqqaaaaaaaaGqSf 2yRbWdbeaapaGaamisaiaai2dacaWH4bGaaCiEamaaCaaaleqabaGa amivaaaaaaa@3C9F@ . Такой x MathType@MTEF@5@5@+= feaahqart1ev3aaatCvAUfeBSjuyZL2yd9gzLbvyNv2CaerbuLwBLn hiov2DGi1BTfMBaeXatLxBI9gBaerbd9wDYLwzYbItLDharqqtubsr 4rNCHbGeaGqiVu0Je9sqqrpepC0xbbL8F4rqqrFfpeea0xe9Lq=Jc9 vqaqpepm0xbba9pwe9Q8fs0=yqaqpepae9pg0FirpepeKkFr0xfr=x fr=xb9adbaqaaeGaciGaaiaabeqaamaabaabaaGcqqaaaaaaaaGqSf 2yRbWdbeaapaGaaCiEaaaa@3904@ не существует, если на главной диагонали H MathType@MTEF@5@5@+= feaahqart1ev3aaatCvAUfeBSjuyZL2yd9gzLbvyNv2CaerbuLwBLn hiov2DGi1BTfMBaeXatLxBI9gBaerbd9wDYLwzYbItLDharqqtubsr 4rNCHbGeaGqiVu0Je9sqqrpepC0xbbL8F4rqqrFfpeea0xe9Lq=Jc9 vqaqpepm0xbba9pwe9Q8fs0=yqaqpepae9pg0FirpepeKkFr0xfr=x fr=xb9adbaqaaeGaciGaaiaabeqaamaabaabaaGcqqaaaaaaaaGqSf 2yRbWdbeaapaGaamisaaaa@38D0@ стоят отрицательные элементы. Однако в таком случае можно рассмотреть HkerA MathType@MTEF@5@5@+= feaahqart1ev3aaatCvAUfeBSjuyZL2yd9gzLbvyNv2CaerbuLwBLn hiov2DGi1BTfMBaeXatLxBI9gBaerbd9wDYLwzYbItLDharqqtubsr 4rNCHbGeaGqiVu0Je9sqqrpepC0xbbL8F4rqqrFfpeea0xe9Lq=Jc9 vqaqpepm0xbba9pwe9Q8fs0=yqaqpepae9pg0FirpepeKkFr0xfr=x fr=xb9adbaqaaeGaciGaaiaabeqaamaabaabaaGcqqaaaaaaaaGqSf 2yRbWdbeaapaGaeyOeI0IaamisaiabgIGiolGacUgacaGGLbGaaiOC aiaahgeaaaa@3EDB@ , откуда в силу линейности A MathType@MTEF@5@5@+= feaahqart1ev3aaatCvAUfeBSjuyZL2yd9gzLbvyNv2CaerbuLwBLn hiov2DGi1BTfMBaeXatLxBI9gBaerbd9wDYLwzYbItLDharqqtubsr 4rNCHbGeaGqiVu0Je9sqqrpepC0xbbL8F4rqqrFfpeea0xe9Lq=Jc9 vqaqpepm0xbba9pwe9Q8fs0=yqaqpepae9pg0FirpepeKkFr0xfr=x fr=xb9adbaqaaeGaciGaaiaabeqaamaabaabaaGcqqaaaaaaaaGqSf 2yRbWdbeaapaGaaCyqaaaa@38CD@ следует, что HkerA MathType@MTEF@5@5@+= feaahqart1ev3aaatCvAUfeBSjuyZL2yd9gzLbvyNv2CaerbuLwBLn hiov2DGi1BTfMBaeXatLxBI9gBaerbd9wDYLwzYbItLDharqqtubsr 4rNCHbGeaGqiVu0Je9sqqrpepC0xbbL8F4rqqrFfpeea0xe9Lq=Jc9 vqaqpepm0xbba9pwe9Q8fs0=yqaqpepae9pg0FirpepeKkFr0xfr=x fr=xb9adbaqaaeGaciGaaiaabeqaamaabaabaaGcqqaaaaaaaaGqSf 2yRbWdbeaapaGaamisaiabgIGiolGacUgacaGGLbGaaiOCaiaahgea aaa@3DEE@ .

rank H =2 MathType@MTEF@5@5@+= feaahqart1ev3aaatCvAUfeBSjuyZL2yd9gzLbvyNv2CaerbuLwBLn hiov2DGi1BTfMBaeXatLxBI9gBaerbd9wDYLwzYbItLDharqqtubsr 4rNCHbGeaGqiVu0Je9sqqrpepC0xbbL8F4rqqrFfpeea0xe9Lq=Jc9 vqaqpepm0xbba9pwe9Q8fs0=yqaqpepae9pg0FirpepeKkFr0xfr=x fr=xb9adbaqaaeGaciGaaiaabeqaamaabaabaaGcqqaaaaaaaaGqSf 2yRbWdbeaapaGaaCOCaiaahggacaWHUbGaaC4AaiaahccacaWHibGa aCiiaiaah2dacaWHYaaaaa@3F77@ .

Пусть HkerA MathType@MTEF@5@5@+= feaahqart1ev3aaatCvAUfeBSjuyZL2yd9gzLbvyNv2CaerbuLwBLn hiov2DGi1BTfMBaeXatLxBI9gBaerbd9wDYLwzYbItLDharqqtubsr 4rNCHbGeaGqiVu0Je9sqqrpepC0xbbL8F4rqqrFfpeea0xe9Lq=Jc9 vqaqpepm0xbba9pwe9Q8fs0=yqaqpepae9pg0FirpepeKkFr0xfr=x fr=xb9adbaqaaeGaciGaaiaabeqaamaabaabaaGcqqaaaaaaaaGqSf 2yRbWdbeaapaGaamisaiabgIGiolGacUgacaGGLbGaaiOCaiaahgea aaa@3DEE@ . Тогда согласно спектральной теореме для самосопряженных матриц существуют ортонормированные u 1 , u 2 D MathType@MTEF@5@5@+= feaahqart1ev3aaatCvAUfeBSjuyZL2yd9gzLbvyNv2CaerbuLwBLn hiov2DGi1BTfMBaeXatLxBI9gBaerbd9wDYLwzYbItLDharqqtubsr 4rNCHbGeaGqiVu0Je9sqqrpepC0xbbL8F4rqqrFfpeea0xe9Lq=Jc9 vqaqpepm0xbba9pwe9Q8fs0=yqaqpepae9pg0FirpepeKkFr0xfr=x fr=xb9adbaqaaeGaciGaaiaabeqaamaabaabaaGcqqaaaaaaaaGqSf 2yRbWdbeaapaGaamyDamaaBaaaleaacaaIXaaabeaakiaaiYcacaWG 1bWaaSbaaSqaaiaaikdaaeqaaOGaeyicI48efv3ySLgznfgDOjdary qr1ngBPrginfgDObcv39gaiuaacqWFceYqdaahaaWcbeqaaiaadsea aaaaaa@4998@ и ненулевые значения λ 1 λ 2 MathType@MTEF@5@5@+= feaahqart1ev3aaatCvAUfeBSjuyZL2yd9gzLbvyNv2CaerbuLwBLn hiov2DGi1BTfMBaeXatLxBI9gBaerbd9wDYLwzYbItLDharqqtubsr 4rNCHbGeaGqiVu0Je9sqqrpepC0xbbL8F4rqqrFfpeea0xe9Lq=Jc9 vqaqpepm0xbba9pwe9Q8fs0=yqaqpepae9pg0FirpepeKkFr0xfr=x fr=xb9adbaqaaeGaciGaaiaabeqaamaabaabaaGcqqaaaaaaaaGqSf 2yRbWdbeaapaGaeq4UdW2aaSbaaSqaaiaaigdaaeqaaOGaeyyzImRa eq4UdW2aaSbaaSqaaiaaikdaaeqaaaaa@3F0A@ такие, что H=UΛ U * = λ 1 u 1 u 1 * + λ 2 u 2 u 2 * MathType@MTEF@5@5@+= feaahqart1ev3aaatCvAUfeBSjuyZL2yd9gzLbvyNv2CaerbuLwBLn hiov2DGi1BTfMBaeXatLxBI9gBaerbd9wDYLwzYbItLDharqqtubsr 4rNCHbGeaGqiVu0Je9sqqrpepC0xbbL8F4rqqrFfpeea0xe9Lq=Jc9 vqaqpepm0xbba9pwe9Q8fs0=yqaqpepae9pg0FirpepeKkFr0xfr=x fr=xb9adbaqaaeGaciGaaiaabeqaamaabaabaaGcqqaaaaaaaaGqSf 2yRbWdbeaapaGaamisaiaai2dacaWGvbGaeu4MdWKaamyvamaaCaaa leqabaGaaGOkaaaakiaai2dacqaH7oaBdaWgaaWcbaGaaGymaaqaba GccaWG1bWaaSbaaSqaaiaaigdaaeqaaOGaamyDamaaDaaaleaacaaI XaaabaGaaGOkaaaakiabgUcaRiabeU7aSnaaBaaaleaacaaIYaaabe aakiaadwhadaWgaaWcbaGaaGOmaaqabaGccaWG1bWaa0baaSqaaiaa ikdaaeaacaaIQaaaaaaa@4DAD@ [10]. Следовательно,

AH(k)= H, φ k φ k * HS = λ 1 u 1 u 1 * + λ 2 u 2 u 2 * , φ k φ k * HS = MathType@MTEF@5@5@+= feaahqart1ev3aaatCvAUfeBSjuyZL2yd9gzLbvyNv2CaerbuLwBLn hiov2DGi1BTfMBaeXatLxBI9gBaerbd9wDYLwzYbItLDharqqtubsr 4rNCHbGeaGqiVu0Je9sqqrpepC0xbbL8F4rqqrFfpeea0xe9Lq=Jc9 vqaqpepm0xbba9pwe9Q8fs0=yqaqpepae9pg0FirpepeKkFr0xfr=x fr=xb9adbaqaaeGaciGaaiaabeqaamaabaabaaGcqqaaaaaaaaGqSf 2yRbWdbeaapaGaaCyqaiaadIeacaaIOaGaam4AaiaaiMcacaaI9aWa aaWaaeaacaWGibGaaGilaiabeA8aQnaaBaaaleaacaWGRbaabeaaki abeA8aQnaaDaaaleaacaWGRbaabaGaaGOkaaaaaOGaayzkJiaawQYi amaaBaaaleaacaWGibGaam4uaaqabaGccaaI9aWaaaWaaeaacqaH7o aBdaWgaaWcbaGaaGymaaqabaGccaWG1bWaaSbaaSqaaiaaigdaaeqa aOGaamyDamaaDaaaleaacaaIXaaabaGaaGOkaaaakiabgUcaRiabeU 7aSnaaBaaaleaacaaIYaaabeaakiaadwhadaWgaaWcbaGaaGOmaaqa baGccaWG1bWaa0baaSqaaiaaikdaaeaacaaIQaaaaOGaaGilaiabeA 8aQnaaBaaaleaacaWGRbaabeaakiabeA8aQnaaDaaaleaacaWGRbaa baGaaGOkaaaaaOGaayzkJiaawQYiamaaBaaaleaacaWGibGaam4uaa qabaGccaaI9aaaaa@640E@

= λ 1 | u 1 , φ k | 2 + λ 2 | u 2 , φ k | 2 . MathType@MTEF@5@5@+= feaahqart1ev3aaatCvAUfeBSjuyZL2yd9gzLbvyNv2CaerbuLwBLn hiov2DGi1BTfMBaeXatLxBI9gBaerbd9wDYLwzYbItLDharqqtubsr 4rNCHbGeaGqiVu0Je9sqqrpepC0xbbL8F4rqqrFfpeea0xe9Lq=Jc9 vqaqpepm0xbba9pwe9Q8fs0=yqaqpepae9pg0FirpepeKkFr0xfr=x fr=xb9adbaqaaeGaciGaaiaabeqaamaabaabaaGcqqaaaaaaaaGqSf 2yRbWdbeaapaGaaGypaiabeU7aSnaaBaaaleaacaaIXaaabeaakiaa iYhacqGHPms4caWG1bWaaSbaaSqaaiaaigdaaeqaaOGaaGilaiabeA 8aQnaaBaaaleaacaWGRbaabeaakiabgQYiXlaaiYhadaahaaWcbeqa aiaaikdaaaGccqGHRaWkcqaH7oaBdaWgaaWcbaGaaGOmaaqabaGcca aI8bGaeyykJeUaamyDamaaBaaaleaacaaIYaaabeaakiaaiYcacqaH gpGAdaWgaaWcbaGaam4AaaqabaGccqGHQms8caaI8bWaaWbaaSqabe aacaaIYaaaaOGaaGOlaaaa@57BC@

Взяв x= | λ 1 | u 1 MathType@MTEF@5@5@+= feaahqart1ev3aaatCvAUfeBSjuyZL2yd9gzLbvyNv2CaerbuLwBLn hiov2DGi1BTfMBaeXatLxBI9gBaerbd9wDYLwzYbItLDharqqtubsr 4rNCHbGeaGqiVu0Je9sqqrpepC0xbbL8F4rqqrFfpeea0xe9Lq=Jc9 vqaqpepm0xbba9pwe9Q8fs0=yqaqpepae9pg0FirpepeKkFr0xfr=x fr=xb9adbaqaaeGaciGaaiaabeqaamaabaabaaGcqqaaaaaaaaGqSf 2yRbWdbeaapaGaamiEaiaai2dadaGcaaqaaiaaiYhacqaH7oaBdaWg aaWcbaGaaGymaaqabaGccaaI8baaleqaaOGaamyDamaaBaaaleaaca aIXaaabeaaaaa@407E@ и y= | λ 2 | u 2 MathType@MTEF@5@5@+= feaahqart1ev3aaatCvAUfeBSjuyZL2yd9gzLbvyNv2CaerbuLwBLn hiov2DGi1BTfMBaeXatLxBI9gBaerbd9wDYLwzYbItLDharqqtubsr 4rNCHbGeaGqiVu0Je9sqqrpepC0xbbL8F4rqqrFfpeea0xe9Lq=Jc9 vqaqpepm0xbba9pwe9Q8fs0=yqaqpepae9pg0FirpepeKkFr0xfr=x fr=xb9adbaqaaeGaciGaaiaabeqaamaabaabaaGcqqaaaaaaaaGqSf 2yRbWdbeaapaGaamyEaiaai2dadaGcaaqaaiaaiYhacqaH7oaBdaWg aaWcbaGaaGOmaaqabaGccaaI8baaleqaaOGaamyDamaaBaaaleaaca aIYaaabeaaaaa@4081@ , заметим, что y x MathType@MTEF@5@5@+= feaahqart1ev3aaatCvAUfeBSjuyZL2yd9gzLbvyNv2CaerbuLwBLn hiov2DGi1BTfMBaeXatLxBI9gBaerbd9wDYLwzYbItLDharqqtubsr 4rNCHbGeaGqiVu0Je9sqqrpepC0xbbL8F4rqqrFfpeea0xe9Lq=Jc9 vqaqpepm0xbba9pwe9Q8fs0=yqaqpepae9pg0FirpepeKkFr0xfr=x fr=xb9adbaqaaeGaciGaaiaabeqaamaabaabaaGcqqaaaaaaaaGqSf 2yRbWdbeaapaGaamyEaiqbggMi6AaawaGaamiEaaaa@3BE4@ mod T MathType@MTEF@5@5@+= feaahqart1ev3aaatCvAUfeBSjuyZL2yd9gzLbvyNv2CaerbuLwBLn hiov2DGi1BTfMBaeXatLxBI9gBaerbd9wDYLwzYbItLDharqqtubsr 4rNCHbGeaGqiVu0Je9sqqrpepC0xbbL8F4rqqrFfpeea0xe9Lq=Jc9 vqaqpepm0xbba9pwe9Q8fs0=yqaqpepae9pg0FirpepeKkFr0xfr=x fr=xb9adbaqaaeGaciGaaiaabeqaamaabaabaaGcqqaaaaaaaaGqSf 2yRbWdbeaatuuDJXwAK1uy0HMmaeHbfv3ySLgzG0uy0HgiuD3BaGqb a8aacqWFtcpvaaa@4402@ , поскольку они ненулевые и ортогональные.

Пусть λ 1 MathType@MTEF@5@5@+= feaahqart1ev3aaatCvAUfeBSjuyZL2yd9gzLbvyNv2CaerbuLwBLn hiov2DGi1BTfMBaeXatLxBI9gBaerbd9wDYLwzYbItLDharqqtubsr 4rNCHbGeaGqiVu0Je9sqqrpepC0xbbL8F4rqqrFfpeea0xe9Lq=Jc9 vqaqpepm0xbba9pwe9Q8fs0=yqaqpepae9pg0FirpepeKkFr0xfr=x fr=xb9adbaqaaeGaciGaaiaabeqaamaabaabaaGcqqaaaaaaaaGqSf 2yRbWdbeaapaGaeq4UdW2aaSbaaSqaaiaaigdaaeqaaaaa@3A9E@ и λ 2 MathType@MTEF@5@5@+= feaahqart1ev3aaatCvAUfeBSjuyZL2yd9gzLbvyNv2CaerbuLwBLn hiov2DGi1BTfMBaeXatLxBI9gBaerbd9wDYLwzYbItLDharqqtubsr 4rNCHbGeaGqiVu0Je9sqqrpepC0xbbL8F4rqqrFfpeea0xe9Lq=Jc9 vqaqpepm0xbba9pwe9Q8fs0=yqaqpepae9pg0FirpepeKkFr0xfr=x fr=xb9adbaqaaeGaciGaaiaabeqaamaabaabaaGcqqaaaaaaaaGqSf 2yRbWdbeaapaGaeq4UdW2aaSbaaSqaaiaaikdaaeqaaaaa@3A9F@ одного знака, тогда для любого n MathType@MTEF@5@5@+= feaahqart1ev3aaatCvAUfeBSjuyZL2yd9gzLbvyNv2CaerbuLwBLn hiov2DGi1BTfMBaeXatLxBI9gBaerbd9wDYLwzYbItLDharqqtubsr 4rNCHbGeaGqiVu0Je9sqqrpepC0xbbL8F4rqqrFfpeea0xe9Lq=Jc9 vqaqpepm0xbba9pwe9Q8fs0=yqaqpepae9pg0FirpepeKkFr0xfr=x fr=xb9adbaqaaeGaciGaaiaabeqaamaabaabaaGcqqaaaaaaaaGqSf 2yRbWdbeaapaGaamOBaaaa@38F6@ выполняется равенство |x, φ k | 2 +|y, φ k | 2 =0 MathType@MTEF@5@5@+= feaahqart1ev3aaatCvAUfeBSjuyZL2yd9gzLbvyNv2CaerbuLwBLn hiov2DGi1BTfMBaeXatLxBI9gBaerbd9wDYLwzYbItLDharqqtubsr 4rNCHbGeaGqiVu0Je9sqqrpepC0xbbL8F4rqqrFfpeea0xe9Lq=Jc9 vqaqpepm0xbba9pwe9Q8fs0=yqaqpepae9pg0FirpepeKkFr0xfr=x fr=xb9adbaqaaeGaciGaaiaabeqaamaabaabaaGcqqaaaaaaaaGqSf 2yRbWdbeaapaGaaGiFaiabgMYiHlaadIhacaaISaGaeqOXdO2aaSba aSqaaiaadUgaaeqaaOGaeyOkJeVaaGiFamaaCaaaleqabaGaaGOmaa aakiabgUcaRiaaiYhacqGHPms4caWG5bGaaGilaiabeA8aQnaaBaaa leaacaWGRbaabeaakiabgQYiXlaaiYhadaahaaWcbeqaaiaaikdaaa GccaaI9aGaaGimaaaa@5097@ , отсюда |x, φ k | 2 =|y, φ k | 2 =0 MathType@MTEF@5@5@+= feaahqart1ev3aaatCvAUfeBSjuyZL2yd9gzLbvyNv2CaerbuLwBLn hiov2DGi1BTfMBaeXatLxBI9gBaerbd9wDYLwzYbItLDharqqtubsr 4rNCHbGeaGqiVu0Je9sqqrpepC0xbbL8F4rqqrFfpeea0xe9Lq=Jc9 vqaqpepm0xbba9pwe9Q8fs0=yqaqpepae9pg0FirpepeKkFr0xfr=x fr=xb9adbaqaaeGaciGaaiaabeqaamaabaabaaGcqqaaaaaaaaGqSf 2yRbWdbeaapaGaaGiFaiabgMYiHlaadIhacaaISaGaeqOXdO2aaSba aSqaaiaadUgaaeqaaOGaeyOkJeVaaGiFamaaCaaaleqabaGaaGOmaa aakiaai2dacaaI8bGaeyykJeUaamyEaiaaiYcacqaHgpGAdaWgaaWc baGaam4AaaqabaGccqGHQms8caaI8bWaaWbaaSqabeaacaaIYaaaaO GaaGypaiaaicdaaaa@507C@ , следовательно, A(x)=A(y) MathType@MTEF@5@5@+= feaahqart1ev3aaatCvAUfeBSjuyZL2yd9gzLbvyNv2CaerbuLwBLn hiov2DGi1BTfMBaeXatLxBI9gBaerbd9wDYLwzYbItLDharqqtubsr 4rNCHbGeaGqiVu0Je9sqqrpepC0xbbL8F4rqqrFfpeea0xe9Lq=Jc9 vqaqpepm0xbba9pwe9Q8fs0=yqaqpepae9pg0FirpepeKkFr0xfr=x fr=xb9adbaqaaeGaciGaaiaabeqaamaabaabaaGcqqaaaaaaaaGqSf 2yRbWdbeaatuuDJXwAK1uy0HwmaeHbfv3ySLgzG0uy0Hgip5wzaGqb a8aacqWFaeFqcaaIOaGaamiEaiaaiMcacaaI9aGae8haXhKaaGikai aadMhacaaIPaaaaa@4A87@ и оператор A MathType@MTEF@5@5@+= feaahqart1ev3aaatCvAUfeBSjuyZL2yd9gzLbvyNv2CaerbuLwBLn hiov2DGi1BTfMBaeXatLxBI9gBaerbd9wDYLwzYbItLDharqqtubsr 4rNCHbGeaGqiVu0Je9sqqrpepC0xbbL8F4rqqrFfpeea0xe9Lq=Jc9 vqaqpepm0xbba9pwe9Q8fs0=yqaqpepae9pg0FirpepeKkFr0xfr=x fr=xb9adbaqaaeGaciGaaiaabeqaamaabaabaaGcqqaaaaaaaaGqSf 2yRbWdbeaatuuDJXwAK1uy0HwmaeHbfv3ySLgzG0uy0Hgip5wzaGqb a8aacqWFaeFqaaa@4344@ не инъективен.

Теперь предположим, что λ 1 MathType@MTEF@5@5@+= feaahqart1ev3aaatCvAUfeBSjuyZL2yd9gzLbvyNv2CaerbuLwBLn hiov2DGi1BTfMBaeXatLxBI9gBaerbd9wDYLwzYbItLDharqqtubsr 4rNCHbGeaGqiVu0Je9sqqrpepC0xbbL8F4rqqrFfpeea0xe9Lq=Jc9 vqaqpepm0xbba9pwe9Q8fs0=yqaqpepae9pg0FirpepeKkFr0xfr=x fr=xb9adbaqaaeGaciGaaiaabeqaamaabaabaaGcqqaaaaaaaaGqSf 2yRbWdbeaapaGaeq4UdW2aaSbaaSqaaiaaigdaaeqaaaaa@3A9E@ и λ 2 MathType@MTEF@5@5@+= feaahqart1ev3aaatCvAUfeBSjuyZL2yd9gzLbvyNv2CaerbuLwBLn hiov2DGi1BTfMBaeXatLxBI9gBaerbd9wDYLwzYbItLDharqqtubsr 4rNCHbGeaGqiVu0Je9sqqrpepC0xbbL8F4rqqrFfpeea0xe9Lq=Jc9 vqaqpepm0xbba9pwe9Q8fs0=yqaqpepae9pg0FirpepeKkFr0xfr=x fr=xb9adbaqaaeGaciGaaiaabeqaamaabaabaaGcqqaaaaaaaaGqSf 2yRbWdbeaapaGaeq4UdW2aaSbaaSqaaiaaikdaaeqaaaaa@3A9F@ имеют разные знаки, тогда x x * y y * = λ 1 u 1 u 1 * + λ 2 u 2 u 2 * =HkerA MathType@MTEF@5@5@+= feaahqart1ev3aaatCvAUfeBSjuyZL2yd9gzLbvyNv2CaerbuLwBLn hiov2DGi1BTfMBaeXatLxBI9gBaerbd9wDYLwzYbItLDharqqtubsr 4rNCHbGeaGqiVu0Je9sqqrpepC0xbbL8F4rqqrFfpeea0xe9Lq=Jc9 vqaqpepm0xbba9pwe9Q8fs0=yqaqpepae9pg0FirpepeKkFr0xfr=x fr=xb9adbaqaaeGaciGaaiaabeqaamaabaabaaGcqqaaaaaaaaGqSf 2yRbWdbeaapaGaamiEaiaadIhadaahaaWcbeqaaiaaiQcaaaGccqGH sislcaWG5bGaamyEamaaCaaaleqabaGaaGOkaaaakiaai2dacqaH7o aBdaWgaaWcbaGaaGymaaqabaGccaWG1bWaaSbaaSqaaiaaigdaaeqa aOGaamyDamaaDaaaleaacaaIXaaabaGaaGOkaaaakiabgUcaRiabeU 7aSnaaBaaaleaacaaIYaaabeaakiaadwhadaWgaaWcbaGaaGOmaaqa baGccaWG1bWaa0baaSqaaiaaikdaaeaacaaIQaaaaOGaaGypaiaadI eacqGHiiIZciGGRbGaaiyzaiaackhacaWHbbaaaa@557A@ . Cледовательно, A(x)=Ax x * =Ay y * =A(y) MathType@MTEF@5@5@+= feaahqart1ev3aaatCvAUfeBSjuyZL2yd9gzLbvyNv2CaerbuLwBLn hiov2DGi1BTfMBaeXatLxBI9gBaerbd9wDYLwzYbItLDharqqtubsr 4rNCHbGeaGqiVu0Je9sqqrpepC0xbbL8F4rqqrFfpeea0xe9Lq=Jc9 vqaqpepm0xbba9pwe9Q8fs0=yqaqpepae9pg0FirpepeKkFr0xfr=x fr=xb9adbaqaaeGaciGaaiaabeqaamaabaabaaGcqqaaaaaaaaGqSf 2yRbWdbeaatuuDJXwAK1uy0HwmaeHbfv3ySLgzG0uy0Hgip5wzaGqb a8aacqWFaeFqcaaIOaGaaCiEaiaaiMcacaaI9aGaaCyqaiaahIhaca WH4bWaaWbaaSqabeaacaaIQaaaaOGaaGypaiaahgeacaWH5bGaaCyE amaaCaaaleqabaGaaGOkaaaakiaai2dacqWFaeFqcaaIOaGaaCyEai aaiMcaaaa@538D@ и оператор A MathType@MTEF@5@5@+= feaahqart1ev3aaatCvAUfeBSjuyZL2yd9gzLbvyNv2CaerbuLwBLn hiov2DGi1BTfMBaeXatLxBI9gBaerbd9wDYLwzYbItLDharqqtubsr 4rNCHbGeaGqiVu0Je9sqqrpepC0xbbL8F4rqqrFfpeea0xe9Lq=Jc9 vqaqpepm0xbba9pwe9Q8fs0=yqaqpepae9pg0FirpepeKkFr0xfr=x fr=xb9adbaqaaeGaciGaaiaabeqaamaabaabaaGcqqaaaaaaaaGqSf 2yRbWdbeaatuuDJXwAK1uy0HwmaeHbfv3ySLgzG0uy0Hgip5wzaGqb a8aacqWFaeFqaaa@4344@ не инъективен.

2. Задача о минимальном количестве измерительных векторов

На данный момент до сих пор остается нерешенным в общем случае вопрос о том, каково минимальное количество N=N(D) MathType@MTEF@5@5@+= feaahqart1ev3aaatCvAUfeBSjuyZL2yd9gzLbvyNv2CaerbuLwBLn hiov2DGi1BTfMBaeXatLxBI9gBaerbd9wDYLwzYbItLDharqqtubsr 4rNCHbGeaGqiVu0Je9sqqrpepC0xbbL8F4rqqrFfpeea0xe9Lq=Jc9 vqaqpepm0xbba9pwe9Q8fs0=yqaqpepae9pg0FirpepeKkFr0xfr=x fr=xb9adbaqaaeGaciGaaiaabeqaamaabaabaaGcqqaaaaaaaaGqSf 2yRbWdbeaapaGaamOtaiaai2dacaWGobGaaGikaiaadseacaaIPaaa aa@3C9E@ измерительных векторов { φ k } k=1 N , MathType@MTEF@5@5@+= feaahqart1ev3aaatCvAUfeBSjuyZL2yd9gzLbvyNv2CaerbuLwBLn hiov2DGi1BTfMBaeXatLxBI9gBaerbd9wDYLwzYbItLDharqqtubsr 4rNCHbGeaGqiVu0Je9sqqrpepC0xbbL8F4rqqrFfpeea0xe9Lq=Jc9 vqaqpepm0xbba9pwe9Q8fs0=yqaqpepae9pg0FirpepeKkFr0xfr=x fr=xb9adbaqaaeGaciGaaiaabeqaamaabaabaaGcqqaaaaaaaaGqSf 2yRbWdbeaapaGaaG4EaiabeA8aQnaaBaaaleaacaWGRbaabeaakiaa i2hadaqhaaWcbaGaam4Aaiaai2dacaaIXaaabaGaamOtaaaakiaaiY caaaa@4124@ обладающих свойством (ВМИ) в D MathType@MTEF@5@5@+= feaahqart1ev3aaatCvAUfeBSjuyZL2yd9gzLbvyNv2CaerbuLwBLn hiov2DGi1BTfMBaeXatLxBI9gBaerbd9wDYLwzYbItLDharqqtubsr 4rNCHbGeaGqiVu0Je9sqqrpepC0xbbL8F4rqqrFfpeea0xe9Lq=Jc9 vqaqpepm0xbba9pwe9Q8fs0=yqaqpepae9pg0FirpepeKkFr0xfr=x fr=xb9adbaqaaeGaciGaaiaabeqaamaabaabaaGcqqaaaaaaaaGqSf 2yRbWdbeaatuuDJXwAK1uy0HMmaeHbfv3ySLgzG0uy0HgiuD3BaGqb a8aacqWFnecsdaahaaWcbeqaaiaadseaaaaaaa@4397@ ?

Определение 2.1. Спарком системы векторов Φ MathType@MTEF@5@5@+= feaahqart1ev3aaatCvAUfeBSjuyZL2yd9gzLbvyNv2CaerbuLwBLn hiov2DGi1BTfMBaeXatLxBI9gBaerbd9wDYLwzYbItLDharqqtubsr 4rNCHbGeaGqiVu0Je9sqqrpepC0xbbL8F4rqqrFfpeea0xe9Lq=Jc9 vqaqpepm0xbba9pwe9Q8fs0=yqaqpepae9pg0FirpepeKkFr0xfr=x fr=xb9adbaqaaeGaciGaaiaabeqaamaabaabaaGcqqaaaaaaaaGqSf 2yRbWdbeaapaGaeuOPdyeaaa@397D@ называется наименьшее количество линейно зависимых векторов этой системы.

Спарк системы векторов можно определить формально, расположив векторы { φ k } k=1 N MathType@MTEF@5@5@+= feaahqart1ev3aaatCvAUfeBSjuyZL2yd9gzLbvyNv2CaerbuLwBLn hiov2DGi1BTfMBaeXatLxBI9gBaerbd9wDYLwzYbItLDharqqtubsr 4rNCHbGeaGqiVu0Je9sqqrpepC0xbbL8F4rqqrFfpeea0xe9Lq=Jc9 vqaqpepm0xbba9pwe9Q8fs0=yqaqpepae9pg0FirpepeKkFr0xfr=x fr=xb9adbaqaaeGaciGaaiaabeqaamaabaabaaGcqqaaaaaaaaGqSf 2yRbWdbeaapaGaaG4EaiabeA8aQnaaBaaaleaacaWGRbaabeaakiaa i2hadaqhaaWcbaGaam4Aaiaai2dacaaIXaaabaGaamOtaaaaaaa@4064@ в виде столбцов D×N MathType@MTEF@5@5@+= feaahqart1ev3aaatCvAUfeBSjuyZL2yd9gzLbvyNv2CaerbuLwBLn hiov2DGi1BTfMBaeXatLxBI9gBaerbd9wDYLwzYbItLDharqqtubsr 4rNCHbGeaGqiVu0Je9sqqrpepC0xbbL8F4rqqrFfpeea0xe9Lq=Jc9 vqaqpepm0xbba9pwe9Q8fs0=yqaqpepae9pg0FirpepeKkFr0xfr=x fr=xb9adbaqaaeGaciGaaiaabeqaamaabaabaaGcqqaaaaaaaaGqSf 2yRbWdbeaapaGaamiraiabgEna0kaad6eaaaa@3BB6@ -матрицы Φ, MathType@MTEF@5@5@+= feaahqart1ev3aaatCvAUfeBSjuyZL2yd9gzLbvyNv2CaerbuLwBLn hiov2DGi1BTfMBaeXatLxBI9gBaerbd9wDYLwzYbItLDharqqtubsr 4rNCHbGeaGqiVu0Je9sqqrpepC0xbbL8F4rqqrFfpeea0xe9Lq=Jc9 vqaqpepm0xbba9pwe9Q8fs0=yqaqpepae9pg0FirpepeKkFr0xfr=x fr=xb9adbaqaaeGaciGaaiaabeqaamaabaabaaGcqqaaaaaaaaGqSf 2yRbWdbeaapaGaeuOPdyKaaGilaaaa@3A33@ и воспользоваться обозначением x 0 MathType@MTEF@5@5@+= feaahqart1ev3aaatCvAUfeBSjuyZL2yd9gzLbvyNv2CaerbuLwBLn hiov2DGi1BTfMBaeXatLxBI9gBaerbd9wDYLwzYbItLDharqqtubsr 4rNCHbGeaGqiVu0Je9sqqrpepC0xbbL8F4rqqrFfpeea0xe9Lq=Jc9 vqaqpepm0xbba9pwe9Q8fs0=yqaqpepae9pg0FirpepeKkFr0xfr=x fr=xb9adbaqaaeGaciGaaiaabeqaamaabaabaaGcqqaaaaaaaaGqSf 2yRbWdbeaarqqr1ngBPrgifHhDYfgaiuaapaGae8xjIaLaaCiEaiab =vIiqnaaBaaaleaacaaIWaaabeaaaaa@40BE@ для количества ненулевых координат вектора x. MathType@MTEF@5@5@+= feaahqart1ev3aaatCvAUfeBSjuyZL2yd9gzLbvyNv2CaerbuLwBLn hiov2DGi1BTfMBaeXatLxBI9gBaerbd9wDYLwzYbItLDharqqtubsr 4rNCHbGeaGqiVu0Je9sqqrpepC0xbbL8F4rqqrFfpeea0xe9Lq=Jc9 vqaqpepm0xbba9pwe9Q8fs0=yqaqpepae9pg0FirpepeKkFr0xfr=x fr=xb9adbaqaaeGaciGaaiaabeqaamaabaabaaGcqqaaaaaaaaGqSf 2yRbWdbeaapaGaaCiEaiaai6caaaa@39BC@

При таком подходе

sparkFminx0xN\ {0}    такие что   Fx0.

Ответ на вопрос о минимальном количестве измерительных векторов, обладающих свойством ВМИ, в вещественном случае хорошо известен. Оказывается, что для D MathType@MTEF@5@5@+= feaahqart1ev3aaatCvAUfeBSjuyZL2yd9gzLbvyNv2CaerbuLwBLn hiov2DGi1BTfMBaeXatLxBI9gBaerbd9wDYLwzYbItLDharqqtubsr 4rNCHbGeaGqiVu0Je9sqqrpepC0xbbL8F4rqqrFfpeea0xe9Lq=Jc9 vqaqpepm0xbba9pwe9Q8fs0=yqaqpepae9pg0FirpepeKkFr0xfr=x fr=xb9adbaqaaeGaciGaaiaabeqaamaabaabaaGcqqaaaaaaaaGqSf 2yRbWdbeaatuuDJXwAK1uy0HMmaeHbfv3ySLgzG0uy0HgiuD3BaGqb a8aacqWFDeIudaahaaWcbeqaaiaadseaaaaaaa@43B1@ минимальное количество таких векторов оказывается равным N(D)=2D1 MathType@MTEF@5@5@+= feaahqart1ev3aaatCvAUfeBSjuyZL2yd9gzLbvyNv2CaerbuLwBLn hiov2DGi1BTfMBaeXatLxBI9gBaerbd9wDYLwzYbItLDharqqtubsr 4rNCHbGeaGqiVu0Je9sqqrpepC0xbbL8F4rqqrFfpeea0xe9Lq=Jc9 vqaqpepm0xbba9pwe9Q8fs0=yqaqpepae9pg0FirpepeKkFr0xfr=x fr=xb9adbaqaaeGaciGaaiaabeqaamaabaabaaGcqqaaaaaaaaGqSf 2yRbWdbeaapaGaamOtaiaaiIcacaWGebGaaGykaiaai2dacaaIYaGa amiraiabgkHiTiaaigdaaaa@3EF8@ , причем для того, чтобы система из 2D1 MathType@MTEF@5@5@+= feaahqart1ev3aaatCvAUfeBSjuyZL2yd9gzLbvyNv2CaerbuLwBLn hiov2DGi1BTfMBaeXatLxBI9gBaerbd9wDYLwzYbItLDharqqtubsr 4rNCHbGeaGqiVu0Je9sqqrpepC0xbbL8F4rqqrFfpeea0xe9Lq=Jc9 vqaqpepm0xbba9pwe9Q8fs0=yqaqpepae9pg0FirpepeKkFr0xfr=x fr=xb9adbaqaaeGaciGaaiaabeqaamaabaabaaGcqqaaaaaaaaGqSf 2yRbWdbeaapaGaaGOmaiaadseacqGHsislcaaIXaaaaa@3B30@ измерительных векторов в D MathType@MTEF@5@5@+= feaahqart1ev3aaatCvAUfeBSjuyZL2yd9gzLbvyNv2CaerbuLwBLn hiov2DGi1BTfMBaeXatLxBI9gBaerbd9wDYLwzYbItLDharqqtubsr 4rNCHbGeaGqiVu0Je9sqqrpepC0xbbL8F4rqqrFfpeea0xe9Lq=Jc9 vqaqpepm0xbba9pwe9Q8fs0=yqaqpepae9pg0FirpepeKkFr0xfr=x fr=xb9adbaqaaeGaciGaaiaabeqaamaabaabaaGcqqaaaaaaaaGqSf 2yRbWdbeaatuuDJXwAK1uy0HMmaeHbfv3ySLgzG0uy0HgiuD3BaGqb a8aacqWFDeIudaahaaWcbeqaaiaadseaaaaaaa@43B1@ обладала свойством ВМИ, необходимо и достаточно, чтобы она имела полный спарк.

В вопросе поиска минимального количества N(D) MathType@MTEF@5@5@+= feaahqart1ev3aaatCvAUfeBSjuyZL2yd9gzLbvyNv2CaerbuLwBLn hiov2DGi1BTfMBaeXatLxBI9gBaerbd9wDYLwzYbItLDharqqtubsr 4rNCHbGeaGqiVu0Je9sqqrpepC0xbbL8F4rqqrFfpeea0xe9Lq=Jc9 vqaqpepm0xbba9pwe9Q8fs0=yqaqpepae9pg0FirpepeKkFr0xfr=x fr=xb9adbaqaaeGaciGaaiaabeqaamaabaabaaGcqqaaaaaaaaGqSf 2yRbWdbeaapaGaamOtaiaaiIcacaWGebGaaGykaaaa@3B04@ измерительных векторов, обладающих свойством ВМИ в пространстве D MathType@MTEF@5@5@+= feaahqart1ev3aaatCvAUfeBSjuyZL2yd9gzLbvyNv2CaerbuLwBLn hiov2DGi1BTfMBaeXatLxBI9gBaerbd9wDYLwzYbItLDharqqtubsr 4rNCHbGeaGqiVu0Je9sqqrpepC0xbbL8F4rqqrFfpeea0xe9Lq=Jc9 vqaqpepm0xbba9pwe9Q8fs0=yqaqpepae9pg0FirpepeKkFr0xfr=x fr=xb9adbaqaaeGaciGaaiaabeqaamaabaabaaGcqqaaaaaaaaGqSf 2yRbWdbeaatuuDJXwAK1uy0HMmaeHbfv3ySLgzG0uy0HgiuD3BaGqb a8aacqWFceYqdaahaaWcbeqaaiaadseaaaaaaa@4387@ , на данный момент имеются следующие результаты.

1) Для любого D2, MathType@MTEF@5@5@+= feaahqart1ev3aaatCvAUfeBSjuyZL2yd9gzLbvyNv2CaerbuLwBLn hiov2DGi1BTfMBaeXatLxBI9gBaerbd9wDYLwzYbItLDharqqtubsr 4rNCHbGeaGqiVu0Je9sqqrpepC0xbbL8F4rqqrFfpeea0xe9Lq=Jc9 vqaqpepm0xbba9pwe9Q8fs0=yqaqpepae9pg0FirpepeKkFr0xfr=x fr=xb9adbaqaaeGaciGaaiaabeqaamaabaabaaGcqqaaaaaaaaGqSf 2yRbWdbeaapaGaamiraiabgwMiZkaaikdacaaISaaaaa@3C04@ N(D)4D4 MathType@MTEF@5@5@+= feaahqart1ev3aaatCvAUfeBSjuyZL2yd9gzLbvyNv2CaerbuLwBLn hiov2DGi1BTfMBaeXatLxBI9gBaerbd9wDYLwzYbItLDharqqtubsr 4rNCHbGeaGqiVu0Je9sqqrpepC0xbbL8F4rqqrFfpeea0xe9Lq=Jc9 vqaqpepm0xbba9pwe9Q8fs0=yqaqpepae9pg0FirpepeKkFr0xfr=x fr=xb9adbaqaaeGaciGaaiaabeqaamaabaabaaGcqqaaaaaaaaGqSf 2yRbWdbeaapaGaamOtaiaaiIcacaWGebGaaGykaiabgsMiJkaaisda caWGebGaeyOeI0IaaGinaaaa@3FEB@ [3].

2) Если D =2 k +1 MathType@MTEF@5@5@+= feaahqart1ev3aaatCvAUfeBSjuyZL2yd9gzLbvyNv2CaerbuLwBLn hiov2DGi1BTfMBaeXatLxBI9gBaerbd9wDYLwzYbItLDharqqtubsr 4rNCHbGeaGqiVu0Je9sqqrpepC0xbbL8F4rqqrFfpeea0xe9Lq=Jc9 vqaqpepm0xbba9pwe9Q8fs0=yqaqpepae9pg0FirpepeKkFr0xfr=x fr=xb9adbaqaaeGaciGaaiaabeqaamaabaabaaGcqqaaaaaaaaGqSf 2yRbWdbeaapaGaamiraiaai2dacaaIYaWaaWbaaSqabeaacaWGRbaa aOGaey4kaSIaaGymaaaa@3D13@ для целого неотрицательного k, MathType@MTEF@5@5@+= feaahqart1ev3aaatCvAUfeBSjuyZL2yd9gzLbvyNv2CaerbuLwBLn hiov2DGi1BTfMBaeXatLxBI9gBaerbd9wDYLwzYbItLDharqqtubsr 4rNCHbGeaGqiVu0Je9sqqrpepC0xbbL8F4rqqrFfpeea0xe9Lq=Jc9 vqaqpepm0xbba9pwe9Q8fs0=yqaqpepae9pg0FirpepeKkFr0xfr=x fr=xb9adbaqaaeGaciGaaiaabeqaamaabaabaaGcqqaaaaaaaaGqSf 2yRbWdbeaapaGaam4AaiaaiYcaaaa@39A9@ то N(D)=4D4 MathType@MTEF@5@5@+= feaahqart1ev3aaatCvAUfeBSjuyZL2yd9gzLbvyNv2CaerbuLwBLn hiov2DGi1BTfMBaeXatLxBI9gBaerbd9wDYLwzYbItLDharqqtubsr 4rNCHbGeaGqiVu0Je9sqqrpepC0xbbL8F4rqqrFfpeea0xe9Lq=Jc9 vqaqpepm0xbba9pwe9Q8fs0=yqaqpepae9pg0FirpepeKkFr0xfr=x fr=xb9adbaqaaeGaciGaaiaabeqaamaabaabaaGcqqaaaaaaaaGqSf 2yRbWdbeaapaGaamOtaiaaiIcacaWGebGaaGykaiaai2dacaaI0aGa amiraiabgkHiTiaaisdaaaa@3EFD@ [4].

3) В 4 MathType@MTEF@5@5@+= feaahqart1ev3aaatCvAUfeBSjuyZL2yd9gzLbvyNv2CaerbuLwBLn hiov2DGi1BTfMBaeXatLxBI9gBaerbd9wDYLwzYbItLDharqqtubsr 4rNCHbGeaGqiVu0Je9sqqrpepC0xbbL8F4rqqrFfpeea0xe9Lq=Jc9 vqaqpepm0xbba9pwe9Q8fs0=yqaqpepae9pg0FirpepeKkFr0xfr=x fr=xb9adbaqaaeGaciGaaiaabeqaamaabaabaaGcqqaaaaaaaaGqSf 2yRbWdbeaatuuDJXwAK1uy0HMmaeHbfv3ySLgzG0uy0HgiuD3BaGqb a8aacqWFceYqdaahaaWcbeqaaiaaisdaaaaaaa@437C@ Vinzant [5] нашла 11 векторов, обеспечивающих ВМИ. На данный момент пространство 4 MathType@MTEF@5@5@+= feaahqart1ev3aaatCvAUfeBSjuyZL2yd9gzLbvyNv2CaerbuLwBLn hiov2DGi1BTfMBaeXatLxBI9gBaerbd9wDYLwzYbItLDharqqtubsr 4rNCHbGeaGqiVu0Je9sqqrpepC0xbbL8F4rqqrFfpeea0xe9Lq=Jc9 vqaqpepm0xbba9pwe9Q8fs0=yqaqpepae9pg0FirpepeKkFr0xfr=x fr=xb9adbaqaaeGaciGaaiaabeqaamaabaabaaGcqqaaaaaaaaGqSf 2yRbWdbeaatuuDJXwAK1uy0HMmaeHbfv3ySLgzG0uy0HgiuD3BaGqb a8aacqWFceYqdaahaaWcbeqaaiaaisdaaaaaaa@437C@ является единственным, в котором найден набор векторов, обеспечивающих ВМИ с их числом N<4D4 MathType@MTEF@5@5@+= feaahqart1ev3aaatCvAUfeBSjuyZL2yd9gzLbvyNv2CaerbuLwBLn hiov2DGi1BTfMBaeXatLxBI9gBaerbd9wDYLwzYbItLDharqqtubsr 4rNCHbGeaGqiVu0Je9sqqrpepC0xbbL8F4rqqrFfpeea0xe9Lq=Jc9 vqaqpepm0xbba9pwe9Q8fs0=yqaqpepae9pg0FirpepeKkFr0xfr=x fr=xb9adbaqaaeGaciGaaiaabeqaamaabaabaaGcqqaaaaaaaaGqSf 2yRbWdbeaapaGaamOtaiaaiYdacaaI0aGaamiraiabgkHiTiaaisda aaa@3CCE@ .

Кроме определения числа N(D) MathType@MTEF@5@5@+= feaahqart1ev3aaatCvAUfeBSjuyZL2yd9gzLbvyNv2CaerbuLwBLn hiov2DGi1BTfMBaeXatLxBI9gBaerbd9wDYLwzYbItLDharqqtubsr 4rNCHbGeaGqiVu0Je9sqqrpepC0xbbL8F4rqqrFfpeea0xe9Lq=Jc9 vqaqpepm0xbba9pwe9Q8fs0=yqaqpepae9pg0FirpepeKkFr0xfr=x fr=xb9adbaqaaeGaciGaaiaabeqaamaabaabaaGcqqaaaaaaaaGqSf 2yRbWdbeaapaGaamOtaiaaiIcacaWGebGaaGykaaaa@3B04@ ведутся поиски числа N(D) MathType@MTEF@5@5@+= feaahqart1ev3aaatCvAUfeBSjuyZL2yd9gzLbvyNv2CaerbuLwBLn hiov2DGi1BTfMBaeXatLxBI9gBaerbd9wDYLwzYbItLDharqqtubsr 4rNCHbGeaGqiVu0Je9sqqrpepC0xbbL8F4rqqrFfpeea0xe9Lq=Jc9 vqaqpepm0xbba9pwe9Q8fs0=yqaqpepae9pg0FirpepeKkFr0xfr=x fr=xb9adbaqaaeGaciGaaiaabeqaamaabaabaaGcqqaaaaaaaaGqSf 2yRbWdbeaatuuDJXwAK1uy0HwmaeHbfv3ySLgzG0uy0Hgip5wzaGqb a8aacqWFneVtcaaIOaGaamiraiaaiMcaaaa@458C@ такого, что если NN(D), MathType@MTEF@5@5@+= feaahqart1ev3aaatCvAUfeBSjuyZL2yd9gzLbvyNv2CaerbuLwBLn hiov2DGi1BTfMBaeXatLxBI9gBaerbd9wDYLwzYbItLDharqqtubsr 4rNCHbGeaGqiVu0Je9sqqrpepC0xbbL8F4rqqrFfpeea0xe9Lq=Jc9 vqaqpepm0xbba9pwe9Q8fs0=yqaqpepae9pg0FirpepeKkFr0xfr=x fr=xb9adbaqaaeGaciGaaiaabeqaamaabaabaaGcqqaaaaaaaaGqSf 2yRbWdbeaapaGaamOtaiabgsMiJorr1ngBPrwtHrhAXaqeguuDJXwA KbstHrhAG8KBLbacfaGae8xdX7KaaGikaiaadseacaaIPaGaaGilaa aa@48CA@ то ни один сигнал x D MathType@MTEF@5@5@+= feaahqart1ev3aaatCvAUfeBSjuyZL2yd9gzLbvyNv2CaerbuLwBLn hiov2DGi1BTfMBaeXatLxBI9gBaerbd9wDYLwzYbItLDharqqtubsr 4rNCHbGeaGqiVu0Je9sqqrpepC0xbbL8F4rqqrFfpeea0xe9Lq=Jc9 vqaqpepm0xbba9pwe9Q8fs0=yqaqpepae9pg0FirpepeKkFr0xfr=x fr=xb9adbaqaaeGaciGaaiaabeqaamaabaabaaGcqqaaaaaaaaGqSf 2yRbWdbeaapaGaaCiEaiabgIGioprr1ngBPrwtHrhAYaqeguuDJXwA KbstHrhAGq1DVbacfaGae8NaHm0aaWbaaSqabeaacaWGebaaaaaa@460C@ не может быть однозначно восстановлен (с точностью до унимодулярного множителя) по набору {|x, φ 1 |,,|x, φ N |}, MathType@MTEF@5@5@+= feaahqart1ev3aaatCvAUfeBSjuyZL2yd9gzLbvyNv2CaerbuLwBLn hiov2DGi1BTfMBaeXatLxBI9gBaerbd9wDYLwzYbItLDharqqtubsr 4rNCHbGeaGqiVu0Je9sqqrpepC0xbbL8F4rqqrFfpeea0xe9Lq=Jc9 vqaqpepm0xbba9pwe9Q8fs0=yqaqpepae9pg0FirpepeKkFr0xfr=x fr=xb9adbaqaaeGaciGaaiaabeqaamaabaabaaGcqqaaaaaaaaGqSf 2yRbWdbeaapaGaaG4EaiaaiYhacqGHPms4caWH4bGaaGilaiabeA8a QnaaBaaaleaacaaIXaaabeaakiabgQYiXlaaiYhacaaISaGaeSOjGS KaaGilaiaaiYhacqGHPms4caWH4bGaaGilaiabeA8aQnaaBaaaleaa caWGobaabeaakiabgQYiXlaaiYhacaaI9bGaaGilaaaa@5153@ т. е. для любого x D MathType@MTEF@5@5@+= feaahqart1ev3aaatCvAUfeBSjuyZL2yd9gzLbvyNv2CaerbuLwBLn hiov2DGi1BTfMBaeXatLxBI9gBaerbd9wDYLwzYbItLDharqqtubsr 4rNCHbGeaGqiVu0Je9sqqrpepC0xbbL8F4rqqrFfpeea0xe9Lq=Jc9 vqaqpepm0xbba9pwe9Q8fs0=yqaqpepae9pg0FirpepeKkFr0xfr=x fr=xb9adbaqaaeGaciGaaiaabeqaamaabaabaaGcqqaaaaaaaaGqSf 2yRbWdbeaapaGaaCiEaiabgIGioprr1ngBPrwtHrhAYaqeguuDJXwA KbstHrhAGq1DVbacfaGae8NaHm0aaWbaaSqabeaacaWGebaaaaaa@460C@ найдется y D ,xhy MathType@MTEF@5@5@+= feaahqart1ev3aaatCvAUfeBSjuyZL2yd9gzLbvyNv2CaerbuLwBLn hiov2DGi1BTfMBaeXatLxBI9gBaerbd9wDYLwzYbItLDharqqtubsr 4rNCHbGeaGqiVu0Je9sqqrpepC0xbbL8F4rqqrFfpeea0xe9Lq=Jc9 vqaqpepm0xbba9pwe9Q8fs0=yqaqpepae9pg0FirpepeKkFr0xfr=x fr=xb9adbaqaaeGaciGaaiaabeqaamaabaabaaGcqqaaaaaaaaGqSf 2yRbWdbeaapaGaaCyEaiabgIGioprr1ngBPrwtHrhAYaqeguuDJXwA KbstHrhAGq1DVbacfaGae8NaHm0aaWbaaSqabeaacaWGebaaaOGaaG ilaiaayIW7caWH4bGaeyiyIKRaamiAaiaahMhaaaa@4D15@ ни для какого hT, MathType@MTEF@5@5@+= feaahqart1ev3aaatCvAUfeBSjuyZL2yd9gzLbvyNv2CaerbuLwBLn hiov2DGi1BTfMBaeXatLxBI9gBaerbd9wDYLwzYbItLDharqqtubsr 4rNCHbGeaGqiVu0Je9sqqrpepC0xbbL8F4rqqrFfpeea0xe9Lq=Jc9 vqaqpepm0xbba9pwe9Q8fs0=yqaqpepae9pg0FirpepeKkFr0xfr=x fr=xb9adbaqaaeGaciGaaiaabeqaamaabaabaaGcqqaaaaaaaaGqSf 2yRbWdbeaapaGaamiAaiabgIGioprr1ngBPrwtHrhAYaqeguuDJXwA KbstHrhAGq1DVbacfaGae83KWtLaaGilaaaa@4729@ и |x, φ n |=|y, φ n |,n=1,,N. MathType@MTEF@5@5@+= feaahqart1ev3aaatCvAUfeBSjuyZL2yd9gzLbvyNv2CaerbuLwBLn hiov2DGi1BTfMBaeXatLxBI9gBaerbd9wDYLwzYbItLDharqqtubsr 4rNCHbGeaGqiVu0Je9sqqrpepC0xbbL8F4rqqrFfpeea0xe9Lq=Jc9 vqaqpepm0xbba9pwe9Q8fs0=yqaqpepae9pg0FirpepeKkFr0xfr=x fr=xb9adbaqaaeGaciGaaiaabeqaamaabaabaaGcqqaaaaaaaaGqSf 2yRbWdbeaapaGaaGiFaiabgMYiHlaahIhacaaISaGaeqOXdO2aaSba aSqaaiaad6gaaeqaaOGaeyOkJeVaaGiFaiaai2dacaaI8bGaeyykJe UaaCyEaiaaiYcacqaHgpGAdaWgaaWcbaGaamOBaaqabaGccqGHQms8 caaI8bGaaGilaiaaysW7caWGUbGaaGypaiaaigdacaaISaGaeSOjGS KaaGilaiaad6eacaaIUaaaaa@55F4@

В [6] показано, что N(D)4D42 s 2 (D1), MathType@MTEF@5@5@+= feaahqart1ev3aaatCvAUfeBSjuyZL2yd9gzLbvyNv2CaerbuLwBLn hiov2DGi1BTfMBaeXatLxBI9gBaerbd9wDYLwzYbItLDharqqtubsr 4rNCHbGeaGqiVu0Je9sqqrpepC0xbbL8F4rqqrFfpeea0xe9Lq=Jc9 vqaqpepm0xbba9pwe9Q8fs0=yqaqpepae9pg0FirpepeKkFr0xfr=x fr=xb9adbaqaaeGaciGaaiaabeqaamaabaabaaGcqqaaaaaaaaGqSf 2yRbWdbeaatuuDJXwAK1uy0HwmaeHbfv3ySLgzG0uy0Hgip5wzaGqb a8aacqWFneVtcaaIOaGaamiraiaaiMcacqGHLjYScaaI0aGaamirai abgkHiTiaaisdacqGHsislcaaIYaGaam4CamaaBaaaleaacaaIYaaa beaakiaaiIcacaWGebGaeyOeI0IaaGymaiaaiMcacaaISaaaaa@52A3@ где s 2 (D1) MathType@MTEF@5@5@+= feaahqart1ev3aaatCvAUfeBSjuyZL2yd9gzLbvyNv2CaerbuLwBLn hiov2DGi1BTfMBaeXatLxBI9gBaerbd9wDYLwzYbItLDharqqtubsr 4rNCHbGeaGqiVu0Je9sqqrpepC0xbbL8F4rqqrFfpeea0xe9Lq=Jc9 vqaqpepm0xbba9pwe9Q8fs0=yqaqpepae9pg0FirpepeKkFr0xfr=x fr=xb9adbaqaaeGaciGaaiaabeqaamaabaabaaGcqqaaaaaaaaGqSf 2yRbWdbeaapaGaam4CamaaBaaaleaacaaIYaaabeaakiaaiIcacaWG ebGaeyOeI0IaaGymaiaaiMcaaaa@3DC3@ обозначает количество единиц в двоичном представлении числа D1. MathType@MTEF@5@5@+= feaahqart1ev3aaatCvAUfeBSjuyZL2yd9gzLbvyNv2CaerbuLwBLn hiov2DGi1BTfMBaeXatLxBI9gBaerbd9wDYLwzYbItLDharqqtubsr 4rNCHbGeaGqiVu0Je9sqqrpepC0xbbL8F4rqqrFfpeea0xe9Lq=Jc9 vqaqpepm0xbba9pwe9Q8fs0=yqaqpepae9pg0FirpepeKkFr0xfr=x fr=xb9adbaqaaeGaciGaaiaabeqaamaabaabaaGcqqaaaaaaaaGqSf 2yRbWdbeaapaGaamiraiabgkHiTiaaigdacaaIUaaaaa@3B2C@ Для D=4 MathType@MTEF@5@5@+= feaahqart1ev3aaatCvAUfeBSjuyZL2yd9gzLbvyNv2CaerbuLwBLn hiov2DGi1BTfMBaeXatLxBI9gBaerbd9wDYLwzYbItLDharqqtubsr 4rNCHbGeaGqiVu0Je9sqqrpepC0xbbL8F4rqqrFfpeea0xe9Lq=Jc9 vqaqpepm0xbba9pwe9Q8fs0=yqaqpepae9pg0FirpepeKkFr0xfr=x fr=xb9adbaqaaeGaciGaaiaabeqaamaabaabaaGcqqaaaaaaaaGqSf 2yRbWdbeaapaGaamiraiaai2dacaaI0aaaaa@3A51@ получаем N(4)8, MathType@MTEF@5@5@+= feaahqart1ev3aaatCvAUfeBSjuyZL2yd9gzLbvyNv2CaerbuLwBLn hiov2DGi1BTfMBaeXatLxBI9gBaerbd9wDYLwzYbItLDharqqtubsr 4rNCHbGeaGqiVu0Je9sqqrpepC0xbbL8F4rqqrFfpeea0xe9Lq=Jc9 vqaqpepm0xbba9pwe9Q8fs0=yqaqpepae9pg0FirpepeKkFr0xfr=x fr=xb9adbaqaaeGaciGaaiaabeqaamaabaabaaGcqqaaaaaaaaGqSf 2yRbWdbeaapaGaamOtaiaaiIcacaaI0aGaaGykaiabgwMiZkaaiIda caaISaaaaa@3E37@ оставляя возможность уменьшать число 11 MathType@MTEF@5@5@+= feaahqart1ev3aaatCvAUfeBSjuyZL2yd9gzLbvyNv2CaerbuLwBLn hiov2DGi1BTfMBaeXatLxBI9gBaerbd9wDYLwzYbItLDharqqtubsr 4rNCHbGeaGqiVu0Je9sqqrpepC0xbbL8F4rqqrFfpeea0xe9Lq=Jc9 vqaqpepm0xbba9pwe9Q8fs0=yqaqpepae9pg0FirpepeKkFr0xfr=x fr=xb9adbaqaaeGaciGaaiaabeqaamaabaabaaGcqqaaaaaaaaGqSf 2yRbWdbeaapaGaaGymaiaaigdaaaa@3979@ в примере Vinzant.

В таблице приведем значения чисел N(D) MathType@MTEF@5@5@+= feaahqart1ev3aaatCvAUfeBSjuyZL2yd9gzLbvyNv2CaerbuLwBLn hiov2DGi1BTfMBaeXatLxBI9gBaerbd9wDYLwzYbItLDharqqtubsr 4rNCHbGeaGqiVu0Je9sqqrpepC0xbbL8F4rqqrFfpeea0xe9Lq=Jc9 vqaqpepm0xbba9pwe9Q8fs0=yqaqpepae9pg0FirpepeKkFr0xfr=x fr=xb9adbaqaaeGaciGaaiaabeqaamaabaabaaGcqqaaaaaaaaGqSf 2yRbWdbeaapaGaamOtaiaaiIcacaWGebGaaGykaaaa@3B04@ и N(D) MathType@MTEF@5@5@+= feaahqart1ev3aaatCvAUfeBSjuyZL2yd9gzLbvyNv2CaerbuLwBLn hiov2DGi1BTfMBaeXatLxBI9gBaerbd9wDYLwzYbItLDharqqtubsr 4rNCHbGeaGqiVu0Je9sqqrpepC0xbbL8F4rqqrFfpeea0xe9Lq=Jc9 vqaqpepm0xbba9pwe9Q8fs0=yqaqpepae9pg0FirpepeKkFr0xfr=x fr=xb9adbaqaaeGaciGaaiaabeqaamaabaabaaGcqqaaaaaaaaGqSf 2yRbWdbeaatuuDJXwAK1uy0HwmaeHbfv3ySLgzG0uy0Hgip5wzaGqb a8aacqWFneVtcaaIOaGaamiraiaaiMcaaaa@458C@ при 2D10 MathType@MTEF@5@5@+= feaahqart1ev3aaatCvAUfeBSjuyZL2yd9gzLbvyNv2CaerbuLwBLn hiov2DGi1BTfMBaeXatLxBI9gBaerbd9wDYLwzYbItLDharqqtubsr 4rNCHbGeaGqiVu0Je9sqqrpepC0xbbL8F4rqqrFfpeea0xe9Lq=Jc9 vqaqpepm0xbba9pwe9Q8fs0=yqaqpepae9pg0FirpepeKkFr0xfr=x fr=xb9adbaqaaeGaciGaaiaabeqaamaabaabaaGcqqaaaaaaaaGqSf 2yRbWdbeaapaGaaGOmaiabgsMiJkaadseacqGHKjYOcaaIXaGaaGim aaaa@3E67@ .

 

Таблица. Зависимость N(D) MathType@MTEF@5@5@+= feaahqart1ev3aaatCvAUfeBSjuyZL2yd9gzLbvyNv2CaerbuLwBLn hiov2DGi1BTfMBaeXatLxBI9gBaerbd9wDYLwzYbItLDharqqtubsr 4rNCHbGeaGqiVu0Je9sqqrpepC0xbbL8F4rqqrFfpeea0xe9Lq=Jc9 vqaqpepm0xbba9pwe9Q8fs0=yqaqpepae9pg0FirpepeKkFr0xfr=x fr=xb9adbaqaaeGaciGaaiaabeqaamaabaabaaGcqqaaaaaaaaGqSf 2yRbWdbeaapaGaamOtaiaaiIcacaWGebGaaGykaaaa@3B04@ и N(D) MathType@MTEF@5@5@+= feaahqart1ev3aaatCvAUfeBSjuyZL2yd9gzLbvyNv2CaerbuLwBLn hiov2DGi1BTfMBaeXatLxBI9gBaerbd9wDYLwzYbItLDharqqtubsr 4rNCHbGeaGqiVu0Je9sqqrpepC0xbbL8F4rqqrFfpeea0xe9Lq=Jc9 vqaqpepm0xbba9pwe9Q8fs0=yqaqpepae9pg0FirpepeKkFr0xfr=x fr=xb9adbaqaaeGaciGaaiaabeqaamaabaabaaGcqqaaaaaaaaGqSf 2yRbWdbeaatuuDJXwAK1uy0HwmaeHbfv3ySLgzG0uy0Hgip5wzaGqb a8aacqWFneVtcaaIOaGaamiraiaaiMcaaaa@458C@ от D MathType@MTEF@5@5@+= feaahqart1ev3aaatCvAUfeBSjuyZL2yd9gzLbvyNv2CaerbuLwBLn hiov2DGi1BTfMBaeXatLxBI9gBaerbd9wDYLwzYbItLDharqqtubsr 4rNCHbGeaGqiVu0Je9sqqrpepC0xbbL8F4rqqrFfpeea0xe9Lq=Jc9 vqaqpepm0xbba9pwe9Q8fs0=yqaqpepae9pg0FirpepeKkFr0xfr=x fr=xb9adbaqaaeGaciGaaiaabeqaamaabaabaaGcqqaaaaaaaaGqSf 2yRbWdbeaapaGaamiraaaa@38CC@

Table. Dependence of N(D) MathType@MTEF@5@5@+= feaahqart1ev3aaatCvAUfeBSjuyZL2yd9gzLbvyNv2CaerbuLwBLn hiov2DGi1BTfMBaeXatLxBI9gBaerbd9wDYLwzYbItLDharqqtubsr 4rNCHbGeaGqiVu0Je9sqqrpepC0xbbL8F4rqqrFfpeea0xe9Lq=Jc9 vqaqpepm0xbba9pwe9Q8fs0=yqaqpepae9pg0FirpepeKkFr0xfr=x fr=xb9adbaqaaeGaciGaaiaabeqaamaabaabaaGcqqaaaaaaaaGqSf 2yRbWdbeaapaGaamOtaiaaiIcacaWGebGaaGykaaaa@3B04@ and N(D) MathType@MTEF@5@5@+= feaahqart1ev3aaatCvAUfeBSjuyZL2yd9gzLbvyNv2CaerbuLwBLn hiov2DGi1BTfMBaeXatLxBI9gBaerbd9wDYLwzYbItLDharqqtubsr 4rNCHbGeaGqiVu0Je9sqqrpepC0xbbL8F4rqqrFfpeea0xe9Lq=Jc9 vqaqpepm0xbba9pwe9Q8fs0=yqaqpepae9pg0FirpepeKkFr0xfr=x fr=xb9adbaqaaeGaciGaaiaabeqaamaabaabaaGcqqaaaaaaaaGqSf 2yRbWdbeaatuuDJXwAK1uy0HwmaeHbfv3ySLgzG0uy0Hgip5wzaGqb a8aacqWFneVtcaaIOaGaamiraiaaiMcaaaa@458C@ on D MathType@MTEF@5@5@+= feaahqart1ev3aaatCvAUfeBSjuyZL2yd9gzLbvyNv2CaerbuLwBLn hiov2DGi1BTfMBaeXatLxBI9gBaerbd9wDYLwzYbItLDharqqtubsr 4rNCHbGeaGqiVu0Je9sqqrpepC0xbbL8F4rqqrFfpeea0xe9Lq=Jc9 vqaqpepm0xbba9pwe9Q8fs0=yqaqpepae9pg0FirpepeKkFr0xfr=x fr=xb9adbaqaaeGaciGaaiaabeqaamaabaabaaGcqqaaaaaaaaGqSf 2yRbWdbeaapaGaamiraaaa@38CC@

D MathType@MTEF@5@5@+= feaahqart1ev3aaatCvAUfeBSjuyZL2yd9gzLbvyNv2CaerbuLwBLn hiov2DGi1BTfMBaeXatLxBI9gBaerbd9wDYLwzYbItLDharqqtubsr 4rNCHbGeaGqiVu0Je9sqqrpepC0xbbL8F4rqqrFfpeea0xe9Lq=Jc9 vqaqpepm0xbba9pwe9Q8fs0=yqaqpepae9pg0FirpepeKkFr0xfr=x fr=xb9adbaqaaeGaciGaaiaabeqaamaabaabaaGcqqaaaaaaaaGqSf 2yRbWdbeaapaGaamiraaaa@38CC@

N(D) MathType@MTEF@5@5@+= feaahqart1ev3aaatCvAUfeBSjuyZL2yd9gzLbvyNv2CaerbuLwBLn hiov2DGi1BTfMBaeXatLxBI9gBaerbd9wDYLwzYbItLDharqqtubsr 4rNCHbGeaGqiVu0Je9sqqrpepC0xbbL8F4rqqrFfpeea0xe9Lq=Jc9 vqaqpepm0xbba9pwe9Q8fs0=yqaqpepae9pg0FirpepeKkFr0xfr=x fr=xb9adbaqaaeGaciGaaiaabeqaamaabaabaaGcqqaaaaaaaaGqSf 2yRbWdbeaapaGaamOtaiaaiIcacaWGebGaaGykaaaa@3B04@ в D MathType@MTEF@5@5@+= feaahqart1ev3aaatCvAUfeBSjuyZL2yd9gzLbvyNv2CaerbuLwBLn hiov2DGi1BTfMBaeXatLxBI9gBaerbd9wDYLwzYbItLDharqqtubsr 4rNCHbGeaGqiVu0Je9sqqrpepC0xbbL8F4rqqrFfpeea0xe9Lq=Jc9 vqaqpepm0xbba9pwe9Q8fs0=yqaqpepae9pg0FirpepeKkFr0xfr=x fr=xb9adbaqaaeGaciGaaiaabeqaamaabaabaaGcqqaaaaaaaaGqSf 2yRbWdbeaatuuDJXwAK1uy0HMmaeHbfv3ySLgzG0uy0HgiuD3BaGqb a8aacqWFDeIudaahaaWcbeqaaiaadseaaaaaaa@43B1@

N(D) MathType@MTEF@5@5@+= feaahqart1ev3aaatCvAUfeBSjuyZL2yd9gzLbvyNv2CaerbuLwBLn hiov2DGi1BTfMBaeXatLxBI9gBaerbd9wDYLwzYbItLDharqqtubsr 4rNCHbGeaGqiVu0Je9sqqrpepC0xbbL8F4rqqrFfpeea0xe9Lq=Jc9 vqaqpepm0xbba9pwe9Q8fs0=yqaqpepae9pg0FirpepeKkFr0xfr=x fr=xb9adbaqaaeGaciGaaiaabeqaamaabaabaaGcqqaaaaaaaaGqSf 2yRbWdbeaatuuDJXwAK1uy0HwmaeHbfv3ySLgzG0uy0Hgip5wzaGqb a8aacqWFneVtcaaIOaGaamiraiaaiMcaaaa@458C@ в D MathType@MTEF@5@5@+= feaahqart1ev3aaatCvAUfeBSjuyZL2yd9gzLbvyNv2CaerbuLwBLn hiov2DGi1BTfMBaeXatLxBI9gBaerbd9wDYLwzYbItLDharqqtubsr 4rNCHbGeaGqiVu0Je9sqqrpepC0xbbL8F4rqqrFfpeea0xe9Lq=Jc9 vqaqpepm0xbba9pwe9Q8fs0=yqaqpepae9pg0FirpepeKkFr0xfr=x fr=xb9adbaqaaeGaciGaaiaabeqaamaabaabaaGcqqaaaaaaaaGqSf 2yRbWdbeaatuuDJXwAK1uy0HMmaeHbfv3ySLgzG0uy0HgiuD3BaGqb a8aacqWFceYqdaahaaWcbeqaaiaadseaaaaaaa@4387@

N(D) MathType@MTEF@5@5@+= feaahqart1ev3aaatCvAUfeBSjuyZL2yd9gzLbvyNv2CaerbuLwBLn hiov2DGi1BTfMBaeXatLxBI9gBaerbd9wDYLwzYbItLDharqqtubsr 4rNCHbGeaGqiVu0Je9sqqrpepC0xbbL8F4rqqrFfpeea0xe9Lq=Jc9 vqaqpepm0xbba9pwe9Q8fs0=yqaqpepae9pg0FirpepeKkFr0xfr=x fr=xb9adbaqaaeGaciGaaiaabeqaamaabaabaaGcqqaaaaaaaaGqSf 2yRbWdbeaapaGaamOtaiaaiIcacaWGebGaaGykaaaa@3B04@ в D MathType@MTEF@5@5@+= feaahqart1ev3aaatCvAUfeBSjuyZL2yd9gzLbvyNv2CaerbuLwBLn hiov2DGi1BTfMBaeXatLxBI9gBaerbd9wDYLwzYbItLDharqqtubsr 4rNCHbGeaGqiVu0Je9sqqrpepC0xbbL8F4rqqrFfpeea0xe9Lq=Jc9 vqaqpepm0xbba9pwe9Q8fs0=yqaqpepae9pg0FirpepeKkFr0xfr=x fr=xb9adbaqaaeGaciGaaiaabeqaamaabaabaaGcqqaaaaaaaaGqSf 2yRbWdbeaatuuDJXwAK1uy0HMmaeHbfv3ySLgzG0uy0HgiuD3BaGqb a8aacqWFceYqdaahaaWcbeqaaiaadseaaaaaaa@4387@

 

3

3

4

 

5

7

8

 

7

8 MathType@MTEF@5@5@+= feaahqart1ev3aaatCvAUfeBSjuyZL2yd9gzLbvyNv2CaerbuLwBLn hiov2DGi1BTfMBaeXatLxBI9gBaerbd9wDYLwzYbItLDharqqtubsr 4rNCHbGeaGqiVu0Je9sqqrpepC0xbbL8F4rqqrFfpeea0xe9Lq=Jc9 vqaqpepm0xbba9pwe9Q8fs0=yqaqpepae9pg0FirpepeKkFr0xfr=x fr=xb9adbaqaaeGaciGaaiaabeqaamaabaabaaGcqqaaaaaaaaGqSf 2yRbWdbeaapaGaeyyzImRaaGioaaaa@3A8B@

11 MathType@MTEF@5@5@+= feaahqart1ev3aaatCvAUfeBSjuyZL2yd9gzLbvyNv2CaerbuLwBLn hiov2DGi1BTfMBaeXatLxBI9gBaerbd9wDYLwzYbItLDharqqtubsr 4rNCHbGeaGqiVu0Je9sqqrpepC0xbbL8F4rqqrFfpeea0xe9Lq=Jc9 vqaqpepm0xbba9pwe9Q8fs0=yqaqpepae9pg0FirpepeKkFr0xfr=x fr=xb9adbaqaaeGaciGaaiaabeqaamaabaabaaGcqqaaaaaaaaGqSf 2yRbWdbeaapaGaeyizImQaaGymaiaaigdaaaa@3B2E@

 

9

15

16

 

11

16 MathType@MTEF@5@5@+= feaahqart1ev3aaatCvAUfeBSjuyZL2yd9gzLbvyNv2CaerbuLwBLn hiov2DGi1BTfMBaeXatLxBI9gBaerbd9wDYLwzYbItLDharqqtubsr 4rNCHbGeaGqiVu0Je9sqqrpepC0xbbL8F4rqqrFfpeea0xe9Lq=Jc9 vqaqpepm0xbba9pwe9Q8fs0=yqaqpepae9pg0FirpepeKkFr0xfr=x fr=xb9adbaqaaeGaciGaaiaabeqaamaabaabaaGcqqaaaaaaaaGqSf 2yRbWdbeaapaGaeyyzImRaaGymaiaaiAdaaaa@3B44@

20 MathType@MTEF@5@5@+= feaahqart1ev3aaatCvAUfeBSjuyZL2yd9gzLbvyNv2CaerbuLwBLn hiov2DGi1BTfMBaeXatLxBI9gBaerbd9wDYLwzYbItLDharqqtubsr 4rNCHbGeaGqiVu0Je9sqqrpepC0xbbL8F4rqqrFfpeea0xe9Lq=Jc9 vqaqpepm0xbba9pwe9Q8fs0=yqaqpepae9pg0FirpepeKkFr0xfr=x fr=xb9adbaqaaeGaciGaaiaabeqaamaabaabaaGcqqaaaaaaaaGqSf 2yRbWdbeaapaGaeyizImQaaGOmaiaaicdaaaa@3B2E@

 

13

20 MathType@MTEF@5@5@+= feaahqart1ev3aaatCvAUfeBSjuyZL2yd9gzLbvyNv2CaerbuLwBLn hiov2DGi1BTfMBaeXatLxBI9gBaerbd9wDYLwzYbItLDharqqtubsr 4rNCHbGeaGqiVu0Je9sqqrpepC0xbbL8F4rqqrFfpeea0xe9Lq=Jc9 vqaqpepm0xbba9pwe9Q8fs0=yqaqpepae9pg0FirpepeKkFr0xfr=x fr=xb9adbaqaaeGaciGaaiaabeqaamaabaabaaGcqqaaaaaaaaGqSf 2yRbWdbeaapaGaeyyzImRaaGOmaiaaicdaaaa@3B3F@

24 MathType@MTEF@5@5@+= feaahqart1ev3aaatCvAUfeBSjuyZL2yd9gzLbvyNv2CaerbuLwBLn hiov2DGi1BTfMBaeXatLxBI9gBaerbd9wDYLwzYbItLDharqqtubsr 4rNCHbGeaGqiVu0Je9sqqrpepC0xbbL8F4rqqrFfpeea0xe9Lq=Jc9 vqaqpepm0xbba9pwe9Q8fs0=yqaqpepae9pg0FirpepeKkFr0xfr=x fr=xb9adbaqaaeGaciGaaiaabeqaamaabaabaaGcqqaaaaaaaaGqSf 2yRbWdbeaapaGaeyizImQaaGOmaiaaisdaaaa@3B32@

 

15

22 MathType@MTEF@5@5@+= feaahqart1ev3aaatCvAUfeBSjuyZL2yd9gzLbvyNv2CaerbuLwBLn hiov2DGi1BTfMBaeXatLxBI9gBaerbd9wDYLwzYbItLDharqqtubsr 4rNCHbGeaGqiVu0Je9sqqrpepC0xbbL8F4rqqrFfpeea0xe9Lq=Jc9 vqaqpepm0xbba9pwe9Q8fs0=yqaqpepae9pg0FirpepeKkFr0xfr=x fr=xb9adbaqaaeGaciGaaiaabeqaamaabaabaaGcqqaaaaaaaaGqSf 2yRbWdbeaapaGaeyyzImRaaGOmaiaaikdaaaa@3B41@

28 MathType@MTEF@5@5@+= feaahqart1ev3aaatCvAUfeBSjuyZL2yd9gzLbvyNv2CaerbuLwBLn hiov2DGi1BTfMBaeXatLxBI9gBaerbd9wDYLwzYbItLDharqqtubsr 4rNCHbGeaGqiVu0Je9sqqrpepC0xbbL8F4rqqrFfpeea0xe9Lq=Jc9 vqaqpepm0xbba9pwe9Q8fs0=yqaqpepae9pg0FirpepeKkFr0xfr=x fr=xb9adbaqaaeGaciGaaiaabeqaamaabaabaaGcqqaaaaaaaaGqSf 2yRbWdbeaapaGaeyizImQaaGOmaiaaiIdaaaa@3B36@

 

17

31

32

 

19

32 MathType@MTEF@5@5@+= feaahqart1ev3aaatCvAUfeBSjuyZL2yd9gzLbvyNv2CaerbuLwBLn hiov2DGi1BTfMBaeXatLxBI9gBaerbd9wDYLwzYbItLDharqqtubsr 4rNCHbGeaGqiVu0Je9sqqrpepC0xbbL8F4rqqrFfpeea0xe9Lq=Jc9 vqaqpepm0xbba9pwe9Q8fs0=yqaqpepae9pg0FirpepeKkFr0xfr=x fr=xb9adbaqaaeGaciGaaiaabeqaamaabaabaaGcqqaaaaaaaaGqSf 2yRbWdbeaapaGaeyyzImRaaG4maiaaikdaaaa@3B42@

36 MathType@MTEF@5@5@+= feaahqart1ev3aaatCvAUfeBSjuyZL2yd9gzLbvyNv2CaerbuLwBLn hiov2DGi1BTfMBaeXatLxBI9gBaerbd9wDYLwzYbItLDharqqtubsr 4rNCHbGeaGqiVu0Je9sqqrpepC0xbbL8F4rqqrFfpeea0xe9Lq=Jc9 vqaqpepm0xbba9pwe9Q8fs0=yqaqpepae9pg0FirpepeKkFr0xfr=x fr=xb9adbaqaaeGaciGaaiaabeqaamaabaabaaGcqqaaaaaaaaGqSf 2yRbWdbeaapaGaeyizImQaaG4maiaaiAdaaaa@3B35@

 

Таким образом, например, для пространства 6 MathType@MTEF@5@5@+= feaahqart1ev3aaatCvAUfeBSjuyZL2yd9gzLbvyNv2CaerbuLwBLn hiov2DGi1BTfMBaeXatLxBI9gBaerbd9wDYLwzYbItLDharqqtubsr 4rNCHbGeaGqiVu0Je9sqqrpepC0xbbL8F4rqqrFfpeea0xe9Lq=Jc9 vqaqpepm0xbba9pwe9Q8fs0=yqaqpepae9pg0FirpepeKkFr0xfr=x fr=xb9adbaqaaeGaciGaaiaabeqaamaabaabaaGcqqaaaaaaaaGqSf 2yRbWdbeaatuuDJXwAK1uy0HMmaeHbfv3ySLgzG0uy0HgiuD3BaGqb a8aacqWFceYqdaahaaWcbeqaaiaaiAdaaaaaaa@437E@ о количестве векторов, допускающих ВМИ, на данный момент известно лишь то, что оно не менее 16 и не превосходит 20. Попытка проверить хотя бы один случайный набор из 19 векторов в 6 MathType@MTEF@5@5@+= feaahqart1ev3aaatCvAUfeBSjuyZL2yd9gzLbvyNv2CaerbuLwBLn hiov2DGi1BTfMBaeXatLxBI9gBaerbd9wDYLwzYbItLDharqqtubsr 4rNCHbGeaGqiVu0Je9sqqrpepC0xbbL8F4rqqrFfpeea0xe9Lq=Jc9 vqaqpepm0xbba9pwe9Q8fs0=yqaqpepae9pg0FirpepeKkFr0xfr=x fr=xb9adbaqaaeGaciGaaiaabeqaamaabaabaaGcqqaaaaaaaaGqSf 2yRbWdbeaatuuDJXwAK1uy0HMmaeHbfv3ySLgzG0uy0HgiuD3BaGqb a8aacqWFceYqdaahaaWcbeqaaiaaiAdaaaaaaa@437E@ на обладание свойством ВМИ методом, описанным Винзант в своей статье, требует вычислительных мощностей, значительно превосходящих мощности математических пакетов, которые использовались при проверке ее набора из 11 векторов в 4 MathType@MTEF@5@5@+= feaahqart1ev3aaatCvAUfeBSjuyZL2yd9gzLbvyNv2CaerbuLwBLn hiov2DGi1BTfMBaeXatLxBI9gBaerbd9wDYLwzYbItLDharqqtubsr 4rNCHbGeaGqiVu0Je9sqqrpepC0xbbL8F4rqqrFfpeea0xe9Lq=Jc9 vqaqpepm0xbba9pwe9Q8fs0=yqaqpepae9pg0FirpepeKkFr0xfr=x fr=xb9adbaqaaeGaciGaaiaabeqaamaabaabaaGcqqaaaaaaaaGqSf 2yRbWdbeaatuuDJXwAK1uy0HMmaeHbfv3ySLgzG0uy0HgiuD3BaGqb a8aacqWFceYqdaahaaWcbeqaaiaaisdaaaaaaa@437C@ , и, по всей видимости, требует иных подходов.

3. Восстановление по нормам проекций

Некоторые прикладные задачи приводят к задаче восстановления сигнала по нормам его проекций на подпространства, например, проблема близнецов в кристаллографии.

Определение 3.1. Семейство подпространств { W k } k=1 N MathType@MTEF@5@5@+= feaahqart1ev3aaatCvAUfeBSjuyZL2yd9gzLbvyNv2CaerbuLwBLn hiov2DGi1BTfMBaeXatLxBI9gBaerbd9wDYLwzYbItLDharqqtubsr 4rNCHbGeaGqiVu0Je9sqqrpepC0xbbL8F4rqqrFfpeea0xe9Lq=Jc9 vqaqpepm0xbba9pwe9Q8fs0=yqaqpepae9pg0FirpepeKkFr0xfr=x fr=xb9adbaqaaeGaciGaaiaabeqaamaabaabaaGcqqaaaaaaaaGqSf 2yRbWdbeaapaGaaG4EaiaadEfadaWgaaWcbaGaam4AaaqabaGccaaI 9bWaa0baaSqaaiaadUgacaaI9aGaaGymaaqaaiaad6eaaaaaaa@3F83@ в D MathType@MTEF@5@5@+= feaahqart1ev3aaatCvAUfeBSjuyZL2yd9gzLbvyNv2CaerbuLwBLn hiov2DGi1BTfMBaeXatLxBI9gBaerbd9wDYLwzYbItLDharqqtubsr 4rNCHbGeaGqiVu0Je9sqqrpepC0xbbL8F4rqqrFfpeea0xe9Lq=Jc9 vqaqpepm0xbba9pwe9Q8fs0=yqaqpepae9pg0FirpepeKkFr0xfr=x fr=xb9adbaqaaeGaciGaaiaabeqaamaabaabaaGcqqaaaaaaaaGqSf 2yRbWdbeaatuuDJXwAK1uy0HMmaeHbfv3ySLgzG0uy0HgiuD3BaGqb a8aacqWFnecsdaahaaWcbeqaaiaadseaaaaaaa@4397@ с соответствующими ортопроекторами { P k } k=1 N MathType@MTEF@5@5@+= feaahqart1ev3aaatCvAUfeBSjuyZL2yd9gzLbvyNv2CaerbuLwBLn hiov2DGi1BTfMBaeXatLxBI9gBaerbd9wDYLwzYbItLDharqqtubsr 4rNCHbGeaGqiVu0Je9sqqrpepC0xbbL8F4rqqrFfpeea0xe9Lq=Jc9 vqaqpepm0xbba9pwe9Q8fs0=yqaqpepae9pg0FirpepeKkFr0xfr=x fr=xb9adbaqaaeGaciGaaiaabeqaamaabaabaaGcqqaaaaaaaaGqSf 2yRbWdbeaapaGaaG4EaiaahcfadaWgaaWcbaGaam4AaaqabaGccaaI 9bWaa0baaSqaaiaadUgacaaI9aGaaGymaaqaaiaad6eaaaaaaa@3F80@ восстанавливает по нормам векторов (ВНП), если для произвольных x,y D MathType@MTEF@5@5@+= feaahqart1ev3aaatCvAUfeBSjuyZL2yd9gzLbvyNv2CaerbuLwBLn hiov2DGi1BTfMBaeXatLxBI9gBaerbd9wDYLwzYbItLDharqqtubsr 4rNCHbGeaGqiVu0Je9sqqrpepC0xbbL8F4rqqrFfpeea0xe9Lq=Jc9 vqaqpepm0xbba9pwe9Q8fs0=yqaqpepae9pg0FirpepeKkFr0xfr=x fr=xb9adbaqaaeGaciGaaiaabeqaamaabaabaaGcqqaaaaaaaaGqSf 2yRbWdbeaapaGaaCiEaiaahYcacaaMi8UaaCyEaiabgIGioprr1ngB PrwtHrhAYaqeguuDJXwAKbstHrhAGq1DVbacfaGae8xdHG0aaWbaaS qabeaacaWGebaaaaaa@4964@ таких, что P k x= P k y MathType@MTEF@5@5@+= feaahqart1ev3aaatCvAUfeBSjuyZL2yd9gzLbvyNv2CaerbuLwBLn hiov2DGi1BTfMBaeXatLxBI9gBaerbd9wDYLwzYbItLDharqqtubsr 4rNCHbGeaGqiVu0Je9sqqrpepC0xbbL8F4rqqrFfpeea0xe9Lq=Jc9 vqaqpepm0xbba9pwe9Q8fs0=yqaqpepae9pg0FirpepeKkFr0xfr=x fr=xb9adbaqaaeGaciGaaiaabeqaamaabaabaaGcqqaaaaaaaaGqSf 2yRbWdbeaarqqr1ngBPrgifHhDYfgaiuaapaGae8xjIaLaaCiuamaa BaaaleaacaWGRbaabeaakiaahIhacqWFLicucaaI9aGae8xjIaLaaC iuamaaBaaaleaacaWGRbaabeaakiaahMhacqWFLicuaaa@47D7@ для всех k=1,2,,N MathType@MTEF@5@5@+= feaahqart1ev3aaatCvAUfeBSjuyZL2yd9gzLbvyNv2CaerbuLwBLn hiov2DGi1BTfMBaeXatLxBI9gBaerbd9wDYLwzYbItLDharqqtubsr 4rNCHbGeaGqiVu0Je9sqqrpepC0xbbL8F4rqqrFfpeea0xe9Lq=Jc9 vqaqpepm0xbba9pwe9Q8fs0=yqaqpepae9pg0FirpepeKkFr0xfr=x fr=xb9adbaqaaeGaciGaaiaabeqaamaabaabaaGcqqaaaaaaaaGqSf 2yRbWdbeaapaGaam4Aaiaai2dacaaIXaGaaGilaiaaikdacaaISaGa eSOjGSKaaGilaiaad6eaaaa@3F48@ , имеем x=cy MathType@MTEF@5@5@+= feaahqart1ev3aaatCvAUfeBSjuyZL2yd9gzLbvyNv2CaerbuLwBLn hiov2DGi1BTfMBaeXatLxBI9gBaerbd9wDYLwzYbItLDharqqtubsr 4rNCHbGeaGqiVu0Je9sqqrpepC0xbbL8F4rqqrFfpeea0xe9Lq=Jc9 vqaqpepm0xbba9pwe9Q8fs0=yqaqpepae9pg0FirpepeKkFr0xfr=x fr=xb9adbaqaaeGaciGaaiaabeqaamaabaabaaGcqqaaaaaaaaGqSf 2yRbWdbeaapaGaaCiEaiaai2dacaWGJbGaaCyEaaaa@3BB5@ , где |c|=1 MathType@MTEF@5@5@+= feaahqart1ev3aaatCvAUfeBSjuyZL2yd9gzLbvyNv2CaerbuLwBLn hiov2DGi1BTfMBaeXatLxBI9gBaerbd9wDYLwzYbItLDharqqtubsr 4rNCHbGeaGqiVu0Je9sqqrpepC0xbbL8F4rqqrFfpeea0xe9Lq=Jc9 vqaqpepm0xbba9pwe9Q8fs0=yqaqpepae9pg0FirpepeKkFr0xfr=x fr=xb9adbaqaaeGaciGaaiaabeqaamaabaabaaGcqqaaaaaaaaGqSf 2yRbWdbeaapaGaaGiFaiaadogacaaI8bGaaGypaiaaigdaaaa@3C79@ [7].

Это определение также может быть сформулировано в виде свойства инъективности (с точностью до унимодулярного множителя) нелинейного оператора:

A: D /T N ,(A(x))(k):= P k x 2 ,k=1,,N. MathType@MTEF@5@5@+= feaahqart1ev3aaatCvAUfeBSjuyZL2yd9gzLbvyNv2CaerbuLwBLn hiov2DGi1BTfMBaeXatLxBI9gBaerbd9wDYLwzYbItLDharqqtubsr 4rNCHbGeaGqiVu0Je9sqqrpepC0xbbL8F4rqqrFfpeea0xe9Lq=Jc9 vqaqpepm0xbba9pwe9Q8fs0=yqaqpepae9pg0FirpepeKkFr0xfr=x fr=xb9adbaqaaeGaciGaaiaabeqaamaabaabaaGcqqaaaaaaaaGqSf 2yRbWdbeaatuuDJXwAK1uy0HwmaeHbfv3ySLgzG0uy0Hgip5wzaGqb a8aacqWFaeFqcaaI6aWefv3ySLgznfgDOjdarCqr1ngBPrginfgDOb cv39gaiyaacqGFnecsdaahaaWcbeqaaiaadseaaaGccaaIVaGae43K WtLaeyOKH4Qae4xhHi1aaWbaaSqabeaacaWGobaaaOGaaGilaiaays W7caaIOaGae8haXhKaaGikaiaahIhacaaIPaGaaGykaiaaiIcacaWG RbGaaGykaiaaiQdacaaI9aqeeuuDJXwAKbsr4rNCHbachaGae0xjIa LaamiuamaaBaaaleaacaWGRbaabeaakiaahIhacqqFLicudaahaaWc beqaaiaaikdaaaGccaaISaGaaGjbVlaadUgacaaI9aGaaGymaiaaiY cacqWIMaYscaaISaGaamOtaiaai6caaaa@75FA@

Определим вещественное D 2 MathType@MTEF@5@5@+= feaahqart1ev3aaatCvAUfeBSjuyZL2yd9gzLbvyNv2CaerbuLwBLn hiov2DGi1BTfMBaeXatLxBI9gBaerbd9wDYLwzYbItLDharqqtubsr 4rNCHbGeaGqiVu0Je9sqqrpepC0xbbL8F4rqqrFfpeea0xe9Lq=Jc9 vqaqpepm0xbba9pwe9Q8fs0=yqaqpepae9pg0FirpepeKkFr0xfr=x fr=xb9adbaqaaeGaciGaaiaabeqaamaabaabaaGcqqaaaaaaaaGqSf 2yRbWdbeaapaGaamiramaaCaaaleqabaGaaGOmaaaaaaa@39B5@ -мерное пространство D×D MathType@MTEF@5@5@+= feaahqart1ev3aaatCvAUfeBSjuyZL2yd9gzLbvyNv2CaerbuLwBLn hiov2DGi1BTfMBaeXatLxBI9gBaerbd9wDYLwzYbItLDharqqtubsr 4rNCHbGeaGqiVu0Je9sqqrpepC0xbbL8F4rqqrFfpeea0xe9Lq=Jc9 vqaqpepm0xbba9pwe9Q8fs0=yqaqpepae9pg0FirpepeKkFr0xfr=x fr=xb9adbaqaaeGaciGaaiaabeqaamaabaabaaGcqqaaaaaaaaGqSf 2yRbWdbeaatuuDJXwAK1uy0HMmaeHbfv3ySLgzG0uy0HgiuD3BaGqb a8aacqWFnecsdaahaaWcbeqaaiaadseacqGHxdaTcaWGebaaaaaa@4677@ самосопряженных D×D MathType@MTEF@5@5@+= feaahqart1ev3aaatCvAUfeBSjuyZL2yd9gzLbvyNv2CaerbuLwBLn hiov2DGi1BTfMBaeXatLxBI9gBaerbd9wDYLwzYbItLDharqqtubsr 4rNCHbGeaGqiVu0Je9sqqrpepC0xbbL8F4rqqrFfpeea0xe9Lq=Jc9 vqaqpepm0xbba9pwe9Q8fs0=yqaqpepae9pg0FirpepeKkFr0xfr=x fr=xb9adbaqaaeGaciGaaiaabeqaamaabaabaaGcqqaaaaaaaaGqSf 2yRbWdbeaapaGaamiraiabgEna0kaadseaaaa@3BAC@ -матриц. Для набора проекций { W k } k=1 N D MathType@MTEF@5@5@+= feaahqart1ev3aaatCvAUfeBSjuyZL2yd9gzLbvyNv2CaerbuLwBLn hiov2DGi1BTfMBaeXatLxBI9gBaerbd9wDYLwzYbItLDharqqtubsr 4rNCHbGeaGqiVu0Je9sqqrpepC0xbbL8F4rqqrFfpeea0xe9Lq=Jc9 vqaqpepm0xbba9pwe9Q8fs0=yqaqpepae9pg0FirpepeKkFr0xfr=x fr=xb9adbaqaaeGaciGaaiaabeqaamaabaabaaGcqqaaaaaaaaGqSf 2yRbWdbeaapaGaaG4EaiaadEfadaWgaaWcbaGaam4AaaqabaGccaaI 9bWaa0baaSqaaiaadUgacaaI9aGaaGymaaqaaiaad6eaaaGccqGHck cZtuuDJXwAK1uy0HMmaeHbfv3ySLgzG0uy0HgiuD3BaGqbaiab=1ri snaaCaaaleqabaGaamiraaaaaaa@4D37@ c соответствующими проекторами P k MathType@MTEF@5@5@+= feaahqart1ev3aaatCvAUfeBSjuyZL2yd9gzLbvyNv2CaerbuLwBLn hiov2DGi1BTfMBaeXatLxBI9gBaerbd9wDYLwzYbItLDharqqtubsr 4rNCHbGeaGqiVu0Je9sqqrpepC0xbbL8F4rqqrFfpeea0xe9Lq=Jc9 vqaqpepm0xbba9pwe9Q8fs0=yqaqpepae9pg0FirpepeKkFr0xfr=x fr=xb9adbaqaaeGaciGaaiaabeqaamaabaabaaGcqqaaaaaaaaGqSf 2yRbWdbeaapaGaamiuamaaBaaaleaacaWGRbaabeaaaaa@39F4@ введем оператор супер-анализа A: D×D N : MathType@MTEF@5@5@+= feaahqart1ev3aaatCvAUfeBSjuyZL2yd9gzLbvyNv2CaerbuLwBLn hiov2DGi1BTfMBaeXatLxBI9gBaerbd9wDYLwzYbItLDharqqtubsr 4rNCHbGeaGqiVu0Je9sqqrpepC0xbbL8F4rqqrFfpeea0xe9Lq=Jc9 vqaqpepm0xbba9pwe9Q8fs0=yqaqpepae9pg0FirpepeKkFr0xfr=x fr=xb9adbaqaaeGaciGaaiaabeqaamaabaabaaGcqqaaaaaaaaGqSf 2yRbWdbeaapaGaaCyqaiaaiQdatuuDJXwAK1uy0HMmaeHbfv3ySLgz G0uy0HgiuD3BaGqbaiab=1qiinaaCaaaleqabaGaamiraiabgEna0k aadseaaaGccqGHsgIRcqWFDeIudaahaaWcbeqaaiaad6eaaaGccaaI 6aaaaa@4CDF@ .

Обозначим через { φ k,j } j=1 J k MathType@MTEF@5@5@+= feaahqart1ev3aaatCvAUfeBSjuyZL2yd9gzLbvyNv2CaerbuLwBLn hiov2DGi1BTfMBaeXatLxBI9gBaerbd9wDYLwzYbItLDharqqtubsr 4rNCHbGeaGqiVu0Je9sqqrpepC0xbbL8F4rqqrFfpeea0xe9Lq=Jc9 vqaqpepm0xbba9pwe9Q8fs0=yqaqpepae9pg0FirpepeKkFr0xfr=x fr=xb9adbaqaaeGaciGaaiaabeqaamaabaabaaGcqqaaaaaaaaGqSf 2yRbWdbeaapaGaaG4EaiabeA8aQnaaBaaaleaacaWGRbGaaGilaiaa dQgaaeqaaOGaaGyFamaaDaaaleaacaWGQbGaaGypaiaaigdaaeaaca WGkbWaaSbaaeaacaWGRbaabeaaaaaaaa@4315@ ортонормированный базис подпространства { W k } MathType@MTEF@5@5@+= feaahqart1ev3aaatCvAUfeBSjuyZL2yd9gzLbvyNv2CaerbuLwBLn hiov2DGi1BTfMBaeXatLxBI9gBaerbd9wDYLwzYbItLDharqqtubsr 4rNCHbGeaGqiVu0Je9sqqrpepC0xbbL8F4rqqrFfpeea0xe9Lq=Jc9 vqaqpepm0xbba9pwe9Q8fs0=yqaqpepae9pg0FirpepeKkFr0xfr=x fr=xb9adbaqaaeGaciGaaiaabeqaamaabaabaaGcqqaaaaaaaaGqSf 2yRbWdbeaapaGaaG4EaiaadEfadaWgaaWcbaGaam4AaaqabaGccaaI 9baaaa@3C11@ и введем линейный оператор суперанализа аналогично тому, как это было сделано выше:

Ax x * (k)= x x T , P k HS =tr x x T P k =tr x x T j=1 J k φ k,j φ k,j T = MathType@MTEF@5@5@+= feaahqart1ev3aaatCvAUfeBSjuyZL2yd9gzLbvyNv2CaerbuLwBLn hiov2DGi1BTfMBaeXatLxBI9gBaerbd9wDYLwzYbItLDharqqtubsr 4rNCHbGeaGqiVu0Je9sqqrpepC0xbbL8F4rqqrFfpeea0xe9Lq=Jc9 vqaqpepm0xbba9pwe9Q8fs0=yqaqpepae9pg0FirpepeKkFr0xfr=x fr=xb9adbaqaaeGaciGaaiaabeqaamaabaabaaGcqqaaaaaaaaGqSf 2yRbWdbeaapaWaaeWaaeaacaWHbbGaaCiEaiaahIhadaahaaWcbeqa aiaaiQcaaaaakiaawIcacaGLPaaacaaIOaGaam4AaiaaiMcacaaI9a WaaaWaaeaacaWH4bGaaCiEamaaCaaaleqabaGaamivaaaakiaaiYca caWGqbWaaSbaaSqaaiaadUgaaeqaaaGccaGLPmIaayPkJaWaaSbaaS qaaiaadIeacaWGtbaabeaakiaai2dacaaMi8UaamiDaiaadkhacaaM i8UaaGjcVpaadmaabaGaaCiEaiaahIhadaahaaWcbeqaaiaadsfaaa GccaWGqbWaaSbaaSqaaiaadUgaaeqaaaGccaGLBbGaayzxaaGaaGyp aiaayIW7caWG0bGaamOCaiaayIW7caaMi8+aamWaaeaacaWH4bGaaC iEamaaCaaaleqabaGaamivaaaakmaaqahabeWcbaGaamOAaiaai2da caaIXaaabaGaamOsamaaBaaabaGaam4AaaqabaaaniabggHiLdGccq aHgpGAdaWgaaWcbaGaam4AaiaaiYcacaWGQbaabeaakiabeA8aQnaa DaaaleaacaWGRbGaaGilaiaadQgaaeaacaWGubaaaaGccaGLBbGaay zxaaGaaGypaaaa@75F3@ (1)

= j=1 J k φ k,j T x x T φ k,j = j=1 J k x, φ k,j = P k x 2 =A(x)(k). MathType@MTEF@5@5@+= feaahqart1ev3aaatCvAUfeBSjuyZL2yd9gzLbvyNv2CaerbuLwBLn hiov2DGi1BTfMBaeXatLxBI9gBaerbd9wDYLwzYbItLDharqqtubsr 4rNCHbGeaGqiVu0Je9sqqrpepC0xbbL8F4rqqrFfpeea0xe9Lq=Jc9 vqaqpepm0xbba9pwe9Q8fs0=yqaqpepae9pg0FirpepeKkFr0xfr=x fr=xb9adbaqaaeGaciGaaiaabeqaamaabaabaaGcqqaaaaaaaaGqSf 2yRbWdbeaapaGaaGypamaaqahabeWcbaGaamOAaiaai2dacaaIXaaa baGaamOsamaaBaaabaGaam4AaaqabaaaniabggHiLdGccqaHgpGAda qhaaWcbaGaam4AaiaaiYcacaWGQbaabaGaamivaaaakiaahIhacaWH 4bWaaWbaaSqabeaacaWGubaaaOGaeqOXdO2aaSbaaSqaaiaadUgaca aISaGaamOAaaqabaGccaaI9aWaaabCaeqaleaacaWGQbGaaGypaiaa igdaaeaacaWGkbWaaSbaaeaacaWGRbaabeaaa0GaeyyeIuoakmaaem aabaGaeyykJeUaaCiEaiaaiYcacqaHgpGAdaWgaaWcbaGaam4Aaiaa iYcacaWGQbaabeaakiabgQYiXdGaay5bSlaawIa7aiaai2darqqr1n gBPrgifHhDYfgaiuaacqWFLicucaWGqbWaaSbaaSqaaiaadUgaaeqa aOGaaCiEaiab=vIiqnaaCaaaleqabaGaaGOmaaaakiaai2datuuDJX wAK1uy0HwmaeHbfv3ySLgzG0uy0Hgip5wzaGGbaiab+bq8bjaaiIca caWH4bGaaGykaiaaiIcacaWGRbGaaGykaiaai6caaaa@7DB2@ (2)

При этом оператор A MathType@MTEF@5@5@+= feaahqart1ev3aaatCvAUfeBSjuyZL2yd9gzLbvyNv2CaerbuLwBLn hiov2DGi1BTfMBaeXatLxBI9gBaerbd9wDYLwzYbItLDharqqtubsr 4rNCHbGeaGqiVu0Je9sqqrpepC0xbbL8F4rqqrFfpeea0xe9Lq=Jc9 vqaqpepm0xbba9pwe9Q8fs0=yqaqpepae9pg0FirpepeKkFr0xfr=x fr=xb9adbaqaaeGaciGaaiaabeqaamaabaabaaGcqqaaaaaaaaGqSf 2yRbWdbeaatuuDJXwAK1uy0HwmaeHbfv3ySLgzG0uy0Hgip5wzaGqb a8aacqWFaeFqaaa@4344@ так же, как и в случае ВМИ, не является инъективным тогда и только тогда, когда ядро оператора A MathType@MTEF@5@5@+= feaahqart1ev3aaatCvAUfeBSjuyZL2yd9gzLbvyNv2CaerbuLwBLn hiov2DGi1BTfMBaeXatLxBI9gBaerbd9wDYLwzYbItLDharqqtubsr 4rNCHbGeaGqiVu0Je9sqqrpepC0xbbL8F4rqqrFfpeea0xe9Lq=Jc9 vqaqpepm0xbba9pwe9Q8fs0=yqaqpepae9pg0FirpepeKkFr0xfr=x fr=xb9adbaqaaeGaciGaaiaabeqaamaabaabaaGcqqaaaaaaaaGqSf 2yRbWdbeaapaGaaCyqaaaa@38CD@ содержит матрицы, ранг которых равен 1 или 2. Этот результат известен и сформулирован в [3] для D MathType@MTEF@5@5@+= feaahqart1ev3aaatCvAUfeBSjuyZL2yd9gzLbvyNv2CaerbuLwBLn hiov2DGi1BTfMBaeXatLxBI9gBaerbd9wDYLwzYbItLDharqqtubsr 4rNCHbGeaGqiVu0Je9sqqrpepC0xbbL8F4rqqrFfpeea0xe9Lq=Jc9 vqaqpepm0xbba9pwe9Q8fs0=yqaqpepae9pg0FirpepeKkFr0xfr=x fr=xb9adbaqaaeGaciGaaiaabeqaamaabaabaaGcqqaaaaaaaaGqSf 2yRbWdbeaatuuDJXwAK1uy0HMmaeHbfv3ySLgzG0uy0HgiuD3BaGqb a8aacqWFDeIudaahaaWcbeqaaiaadseaaaaaaa@43B1@ . Аналогичный результат в D MathType@MTEF@5@5@+= feaahqart1ev3aaatCvAUfeBSjuyZL2yd9gzLbvyNv2CaerbuLwBLn hiov2DGi1BTfMBaeXatLxBI9gBaerbd9wDYLwzYbItLDharqqtubsr 4rNCHbGeaGqiVu0Je9sqqrpepC0xbbL8F4rqqrFfpeea0xe9Lq=Jc9 vqaqpepm0xbba9pwe9Q8fs0=yqaqpepae9pg0FirpepeKkFr0xfr=x fr=xb9adbaqaaeGaciGaaiaabeqaamaabaabaaGcqqaaaaaaaaGqSf 2yRbWdbeaatuuDJXwAK1uy0HMmaeHbfv3ySLgzG0uy0HgiuD3BaGqb a8aacqWFceYqdaahaaWcbeqaaiaadseaaaaaaa@4387@ неизвестен.

4. Задача о минимальном количестве восстанавливающих подпространств

Подобно вопросу о минимальном количестве векторов, допускающих ВМИ, ставится вопрос о минимальном количестве N=N(D) MathType@MTEF@5@5@+= feaahqart1ev3aaatCvAUfeBSjuyZL2yd9gzLbvyNv2CaerbuLwBLn hiov2DGi1BTfMBaeXatLxBI9gBaerbd9wDYLwzYbItLDharqqtubsr 4rNCHbGeaGqiVu0Je9sqqrpepC0xbbL8F4rqqrFfpeea0xe9Lq=Jc9 vqaqpepm0xbba9pwe9Q8fs0=yqaqpepae9pg0FirpepeKkFr0xfr=x fr=xb9adbaqaaeGaciGaaiaabeqaamaabaabaaGcqqaaaaaaaaGqSf 2yRbWdbeaapaGaamOtaiaai2dacaWHobGaaGikaiaadseacaaIPaaa aa@3CA2@ подпространств { W j } j=1 N , MathType@MTEF@5@5@+= feaahqart1ev3aaatCvAUfeBSjuyZL2yd9gzLbvyNv2CaerbuLwBLn hiov2DGi1BTfMBaeXatLxBI9gBaerbd9wDYLwzYbItLDharqqtubsr 4rNCHbGeaGqiVu0Je9sqqrpepC0xbbL8F4rqqrFfpeea0xe9Lq=Jc9 vqaqpepm0xbba9pwe9Q8fs0=yqaqpepae9pg0FirpepeKkFr0xfr=x fr=xb9adbaqaaeGaciGaaiaabeqaamaabaabaaGcqqaaaaaaaaGqSf 2yRbWdbeaapaGaaG4EaiaadEfadaWgaaWcbaGaamOAaaqabaGccaaI 9bWaa0baaSqaaiaadQgacaaI9aGaaGymaaqaaiaad6eaaaGccaaISa aaaa@4041@ обеспечивающих ВНП в D MathType@MTEF@5@5@+= feaahqart1ev3aaatCvAUfeBSjuyZL2yd9gzLbvyNv2CaerbuLwBLn hiov2DGi1BTfMBaeXatLxBI9gBaerbd9wDYLwzYbItLDharqqtubsr 4rNCHbGeaGqiVu0Je9sqqrpepC0xbbL8F4rqqrFfpeea0xe9Lq=Jc9 vqaqpepm0xbba9pwe9Q8fs0=yqaqpepae9pg0FirpepeKkFr0xfr=x fr=xb9adbaqaaeGaciGaaiaabeqaamaabaabaaGcqqaaaaaaaaGqSf 2yRbWdbeaatuuDJXwAK1uy0HMmaeHbfv3ySLgzG0uy0HgiuD3BaGqb a8aacqWFnecsdaahaaWcbeqaaiaadseaaaaaaa@4397@ . В настоящий момент получены некоторые результаты для вещественного пространства D . MathType@MTEF@5@5@+= feaahqart1ev3aaatCvAUfeBSjuyZL2yd9gzLbvyNv2CaerbuLwBLn hiov2DGi1BTfMBaeXatLxBI9gBaerbd9wDYLwzYbItLDharqqtubsr 4rNCHbGeaGqiVu0Je9sqqrpepC0xbbL8F4rqqrFfpeea0xe9Lq=Jc9 vqaqpepm0xbba9pwe9Q8fs0=yqaqpepae9pg0FirpepeKkFr0xfr=x fr=xb9adbaqaaeGaciGaaiaabeqaamaabaabaaGcqqaaaaaaaaGqSf 2yRbWdbeaatuuDJXwAK1uy0HMmaeHbfv3ySLgzG0uy0HgiuD3BaGqb a8aacqWFDeIudaahaaWcbeqaaiaadseaaaGccaaIUaaaaa@4473@ Теорема 4.1. Для любого набора чисел 1 r k D1,k=1,2,,2D1, MathType@MTEF@5@5@+= feaahqart1ev3aaatCvAUfeBSjuyZL2yd9gzLbvyNv2CaerbuLwBLn hiov2DGi1BTfMBaeXatLxBI9gBaerbd9wDYLwzYbItLDharqqtubsr 4rNCHbGeaGqiVu0Je9sqqrpepC0xbbL8F4rqqrFfpeea0xe9Lq=Jc9 vqaqpepm0xbba9pwe9Q8fs0=yqaqpepae9pg0FirpepeKkFr0xfr=x fr=xb9adbaqaaeGaciGaaiaabeqaamaabaabaaGcqqaaaaaaaaGqSf 2yRbWdbeaapaGaaGymaiabgsMiJkaadkhadaWgaaWcbaGaam4Aaaqa baGccqGHKjYOcaWGebGaeyOeI0IaaGymaiaaiYcacaaMe8Uaam4Aai aai2dacaaIXaGaaGilaiaaikdacaaISaGaeSOjGSKaaGilaiaaikda caWGebGaeyOeI0IaaGymaiaaiYcaaaa@4D4E@ существуют подпространства { W k } k=1 2D1 MathType@MTEF@5@5@+= feaahqart1ev3aaatCvAUfeBSjuyZL2yd9gzLbvyNv2CaerbuLwBLn hiov2DGi1BTfMBaeXatLxBI9gBaerbd9wDYLwzYbItLDharqqtubsr 4rNCHbGeaGqiVu0Je9sqqrpepC0xbbL8F4rqqrFfpeea0xe9Lq=Jc9 vqaqpepm0xbba9pwe9Q8fs0=yqaqpepae9pg0FirpepeKkFr0xfr=x fr=xb9adbaqaaeGaciGaaiaabeqaamaabaabaaGcqqaaaaaaaaGqSf 2yRbWdbeaapaGaaG4EaiaadEfadaWgaaWcbaGaam4AaaqabaGccaaI 9bWaa0baaSqaaiaadUgacaaI9aGaaGymaaqaaiaaikdacaWGebGaey OeI0IaaGymaaaaaaa@41DD@ в D , MathType@MTEF@5@5@+= feaahqart1ev3aaatCvAUfeBSjuyZL2yd9gzLbvyNv2CaerbuLwBLn hiov2DGi1BTfMBaeXatLxBI9gBaerbd9wDYLwzYbItLDharqqtubsr 4rNCHbGeaGqiVu0Je9sqqrpepC0xbbL8F4rqqrFfpeea0xe9Lq=Jc9 vqaqpepm0xbba9pwe9Q8fs0=yqaqpepae9pg0FirpepeKkFr0xfr=x fr=xb9adbaqaaeGaciGaaiaabeqaamaabaabaaGcqqaaaaaaaaGqSf 2yRbWdbeaatuuDJXwAK1uy0HMmaeHbfv3ySLgzG0uy0HgiuD3BaGqb a8aacqWFDeIudaahaaWcbeqaaiaadseaaaGccaaISaaaaa@4471@ обеспечивающие ВНП, причем dim W k = r k MathType@MTEF@5@5@+= feaahqart1ev3aaatCvAUfeBSjuyZL2yd9gzLbvyNv2CaerbuLwBLn hiov2DGi1BTfMBaeXatLxBI9gBaerbd9wDYLwzYbItLDharqqtubsr 4rNCHbGeaGqiVu0Je9sqqrpepC0xbbL8F4rqqrFfpeea0xe9Lq=Jc9 vqaqpepm0xbba9pwe9Q8fs0=yqaqpepae9pg0FirpepeKkFr0xfr=x fr=xb9adbaqaaeGaciGaaiaabeqaamaabaabaaGcqqaaaaaaaaGqSf 2yRbWdbeaapaGaciizaiaacMgacaGGTbGaam4vamaaBaaaleaacaWG Rbaabeaakiaai2dacaWGYbWaaSbaaSqaaiaadUgaaeqaaaaa@3FA7@ [7].

Из вышеприведенной теоремы следует, что в D MathType@MTEF@5@5@+= feaahqart1ev3aaatCvAUfeBSjuyZL2yd9gzLbvyNv2CaerbuLwBLn hiov2DGi1BTfMBaeXatLxBI9gBaerbd9wDYLwzYbItLDharqqtubsr 4rNCHbGeaGqiVu0Je9sqqrpepC0xbbL8F4rqqrFfpeea0xe9Lq=Jc9 vqaqpepm0xbba9pwe9Q8fs0=yqaqpepae9pg0FirpepeKkFr0xfr=x fr=xb9adbaqaaeGaciGaaiaabeqaamaabaabaaGcqqaaaaaaaaGqSf 2yRbWdbeaatuuDJXwAK1uy0HMmaeHbfv3ySLgzG0uy0HgiuD3BaGqb a8aacqWFDeIudaahaaWcbeqaaiaadseaaaaaaa@43B1@ N(D)2D1. MathType@MTEF@5@5@+= feaahqart1ev3aaatCvAUfeBSjuyZL2yd9gzLbvyNv2CaerbuLwBLn hiov2DGi1BTfMBaeXatLxBI9gBaerbd9wDYLwzYbItLDharqqtubsr 4rNCHbGeaGqiVu0Je9sqqrpepC0xbbL8F4rqqrFfpeea0xe9Lq=Jc9 vqaqpepm0xbba9pwe9Q8fs0=yqaqpepae9pg0FirpepeKkFr0xfr=x fr=xb9adbaqaaeGaciGaaiaabeqaamaabaabaaGcqqaaaaaaaaGqSf 2yRbWdbeaapaGaaCOtaiaaiIcacaWGebGaaGykaiabgsMiJkaaikda caWGebGaeyOeI0IaaGymaiaai6caaaa@40A2@

В [8] построено 6=242 MathType@MTEF@5@5@+= feaahqart1ev3aaatCvAUfeBSjuyZL2yd9gzLbvyNv2CaerbuLwBLn hiov2DGi1BTfMBaeXatLxBI9gBaerbd9wDYLwzYbItLDharqqtubsr 4rNCHbGeaGqiVu0Je9sqqrpepC0xbbL8F4rqqrFfpeea0xe9Lq=Jc9 vqaqpepm0xbba9pwe9Q8fs0=yqaqpepae9pg0FirpepeKkFr0xfr=x fr=xb9adbaqaaeGaciGaaiaabeqaamaabaabaaGcqqaaaaaaaaGqSf 2yRbWdbeaapaGaaGOnaiaai2dacaaIYaGaeyyXICTaaGinaiabgkHi Tiaaikdaaaa@3EF7@ двумерных подпространств пространства 4 , MathType@MTEF@5@5@+= feaahqart1ev3aaatCvAUfeBSjuyZL2yd9gzLbvyNv2CaerbuLwBLn hiov2DGi1BTfMBaeXatLxBI9gBaerbd9wDYLwzYbItLDharqqtubsr 4rNCHbGeaGqiVu0Je9sqqrpepC0xbbL8F4rqqrFfpeea0xe9Lq=Jc9 vqaqpepm0xbba9pwe9Q8fs0=yqaqpepae9pg0FirpepeKkFr0xfr=x fr=xb9adbaqaaeGaciGaaiaabeqaamaabaabaaGcqqaaaaaaaaGqSf 2yRbWdbeaatuuDJXwAK1uy0HMmaeHbfv3ySLgzG0uy0HgiuD3BaGqb a8aacqWFDeIudaahaaWcbeqaaiaaisdaaaGccaaISaaaaa@4466@ обеспечивающих (ВНП).

Как показывает следующая теорема, дальнейшее уменьшение числа N(D) MathType@MTEF@5@5@+= feaahqart1ev3aaatCvAUfeBSjuyZL2yd9gzLbvyNv2CaerbuLwBLn hiov2DGi1BTfMBaeXatLxBI9gBaerbd9wDYLwzYbItLDharqqtubsr 4rNCHbGeaGqiVu0Je9sqqrpepC0xbbL8F4rqqrFfpeea0xe9Lq=Jc9 vqaqpepm0xbba9pwe9Q8fs0=yqaqpepae9pg0FirpepeKkFr0xfr=x fr=xb9adbaqaaeGaciGaaiaabeqaamaabaabaaGcqqaaaaaaaaGqSf 2yRbWdbeaapaGaaCOtaiaaiIcacaWGebGaaGykaaaa@3B08@ невозможно.

Теорема 4.2. Пусть { W k } k=1 N MathType@MTEF@5@5@+= feaahqart1ev3aaatCvAUfeBSjuyZL2yd9gzLbvyNv2CaerbuLwBLn hiov2DGi1BTfMBaeXatLxBI9gBaerbd9wDYLwzYbItLDharqqtubsr 4rNCHbGeaGqiVu0Je9sqqrpepC0xbbL8F4rqqrFfpeea0xe9Lq=Jc9 vqaqpepm0xbba9pwe9Q8fs0=yqaqpepae9pg0FirpepeKkFr0xfr=x fr=xb9adbaqaaeGaciGaaiaabeqaamaabaabaaGcqqaaaaaaaaGqSf 2yRbWdbeaapaGaaG4EaiaadEfadaWgaaWcbaGaam4AaaqabaGccaaI 9bWaa0baaSqaaiaadUgacaaI9aGaaGymaaqaaiaad6eaaaaaaa@3F83@ MathType@MTEF@5@5@+= feaahqart1ev3aqatCvAUfeBSjuyZL2yd9gzLbvyNv2CaerbuLwBLn hiov2DGi1BTfMBaeXatLxBI9gBaerbd9wDYLwzYbItLDharqqtubsr 4rNCHbGeaGqiVu0Je9sqqrpepC0xbbL8F4rqqrFfpeea0xe9Lq=Jc9 vqaqpepm0xbba9pwe9Q8fs0=yqaqpepae9pg0FirpepeKkFr0xfr=x fr=xb9adbaqaaeGaciGaaiaabeqaamaabaabaaGcqqaaaaaaaaGqSf 2yRbWdbeaaruWqHXwAIjxAaGqbaKqzGfaeaaaaaaaaa8GacaWFtaca aa@3C72@ подпространства D MathType@MTEF@5@5@+= feaahqart1ev3aaatCvAUfeBSjuyZL2yd9gzLbvyNv2CaerbuLwBLn hiov2DGi1BTfMBaeXatLxBI9gBaerbd9wDYLwzYbItLDharqqtubsr 4rNCHbGeaGqiVu0Je9sqqrpepC0xbbL8F4rqqrFfpeea0xe9Lq=Jc9 vqaqpepm0xbba9pwe9Q8fs0=yqaqpepae9pg0FirpepeKkFr0xfr=x fr=xb9adbaqaaeGaciGaaiaabeqaamaabaabaaGcqqaaaaaaaaGqSf 2yRbWdbeaatuuDJXwAK1uy0HMmaeHbfv3ySLgzG0uy0HgiuD3BaGqb a8aacqWFDeIudaahaaWcbeqaaiaadseaaaaaaa@43B1@ с соответствующими ортопроекторами { P k } k=1 N . MathType@MTEF@5@5@+= feaahqart1ev3aaatCvAUfeBSjuyZL2yd9gzLbvyNv2CaerbuLwBLn hiov2DGi1BTfMBaeXatLxBI9gBaerbd9wDYLwzYbItLDharqqtubsr 4rNCHbGeaGqiVu0Je9sqqrpepC0xbbL8F4rqqrFfpeea0xe9Lq=Jc9 vqaqpepm0xbba9pwe9Q8fs0=yqaqpepae9pg0FirpepeKkFr0xfr=x fr=xb9adbaqaaeGaciGaaiaabeqaamaabaabaaGcqqaaaaaaaaGqSf 2yRbWdbeaapaGaaG4EaiaadcfadaWgaaWcbaGaam4AaaqabaGccaaI 9bWaa0baaSqaaiaadUgacaaI9aGaaGymaaqaaiaad6eaaaGccaaIUa aaaa@403E@

Следующие утверждения эквивалентны:

1) подпространства { W k } k=1 N MathType@MTEF@5@5@+= feaahqart1ev3aaatCvAUfeBSjuyZL2yd9gzLbvyNv2CaerbuLwBLn hiov2DGi1BTfMBaeXatLxBI9gBaerbd9wDYLwzYbItLDharqqtubsr 4rNCHbGeaGqiVu0Je9sqqrpepC0xbbL8F4rqqrFfpeea0xe9Lq=Jc9 vqaqpepm0xbba9pwe9Q8fs0=yqaqpepae9pg0FirpepeKkFr0xfr=x fr=xb9adbaqaaeGaciGaaiaabeqaamaabaabaaGcqqaaaaaaaaGqSf 2yRbWdbeaapaGaaG4EaiaadEfadaWgaaWcbaGaam4AaaqabaGccaaI 9bWaa0baaSqaaiaadUgacaaI9aGaaGymaaqaaiaad6eaaaaaaa@3F83@ обеспечивают ВНП;

2) для любого 0x D MathType@MTEF@5@5@+= feaahqart1ev3aaatCvAUfeBSjuyZL2yd9gzLbvyNv2CaerbuLwBLn hiov2DGi1BTfMBaeXatLxBI9gBaerbd9wDYLwzYbItLDharqqtubsr 4rNCHbGeaGqiVu0Je9sqqrpepC0xbbL8F4rqqrFfpeea0xe9Lq=Jc9 vqaqpepm0xbba9pwe9Q8fs0=yqaqpepae9pg0FirpepeKkFr0xfr=x fr=xb9adbaqaaeGaciGaaiaabeqaamaabaabaaGcqqaaaaaaaaGqSf 2yRbWdbeaapaGaaCimaiabgcMi5kaahIhacqGHiiIZtuuDJXwAK1uy 0HMmaeHbfv3ySLgzG0uy0HgiuD3BaGqbaiab=1risnaaCaaaleqaba Gaamiraaaaaaa@48B6@ семейство векторов P k x k=1 N MathType@MTEF@5@5@+= feaahqart1ev3aaatCvAUfeBSjuyZL2yd9gzLbvyNv2CaerbuLwBLn hiov2DGi1BTfMBaeXatLxBI9gBaerbd9wDYLwzYbItLDharqqtubsr 4rNCHbGeaGqiVu0Je9sqqrpepC0xbbL8F4rqqrFfpeea0xe9Lq=Jc9 vqaqpepm0xbba9pwe9Q8fs0=yqaqpepae9pg0FirpepeKkFr0xfr=x fr=xb9adbaqaaeGaciGaaiaabeqaamaabaabaaGcqqaaaaaaaaGqSf 2yRbWdbeaapaWaaiWaaeaacaWGqbWaaSbaaSqaaiaadUgaaeqaaOGa aGjcVlaahIhaaiaawUhacaGL9baadaqhaaWcbaGaam4Aaiaai2daca aIXaaabaGaamOtaaaaaaa@4233@ полно в D , MathType@MTEF@5@5@+= feaahqart1ev3aaatCvAUfeBSjuyZL2yd9gzLbvyNv2CaerbuLwBLn hiov2DGi1BTfMBaeXatLxBI9gBaerbd9wDYLwzYbItLDharqqtubsr 4rNCHbGeaGqiVu0Je9sqqrpepC0xbbL8F4rqqrFfpeea0xe9Lq=Jc9 vqaqpepm0xbba9pwe9Q8fs0=yqaqpepae9pg0FirpepeKkFr0xfr=x fr=xb9adbaqaaeGaciGaaiaabeqaamaabaabaaGcqqaaaaaaaaGqSf 2yRbWdbeaatuuDJXwAK1uy0HMmaeHbfv3ySLgzG0uy0HgiuD3BaGqb a8aacqWFDeIudaahaaWcbeqaaiaadseaaaGccaaISaaaaa@4471@ т. е. span P k x k=1 N = D . MathType@MTEF@5@5@+= feaahqart1ev3aaatCvAUfeBSjuyZL2yd9gzLbvyNv2CaerbuLwBLn hiov2DGi1BTfMBaeXatLxBI9gBaerbd9wDYLwzYbItLDharqqtubsr 4rNCHbGeaGqiVu0Je9sqqrpepC0xbbL8F4rqqrFfpeea0xe9Lq=Jc9 vqaqpepm0xbba9pwe9Q8fs0=yqaqpepae9pg0FirpepeKkFr0xfr=x fr=xb9adbaqaaeGaciGaaiaabeqaamaabaabaaGcqqaaaaaaaaGqSf 2yRbWdbeaapaGaae4CaiaabchacaqGHbGaaeOBamaabmaabaWaaiWa aeaacaWGqbWaaSbaaSqaaiaadUgaaeqaaOGaaGjcVlaahIhaaiaawU hacaGL9baadaqhaaWcbaGaam4Aaiaai2dacaaIXaaabaGaamOtaaaa aOGaayjkaiaawMcaaiaai2datuuDJXwAK1uy0HMmaeHbfv3ySLgzG0 uy0HgiuD3BaGqbaiab=1risnaaCaaaleqabaGaamiraaaakiaai6ca aaa@54BB@

Доказательство теоремы приведено в [4]. В рамках данной статьи опустим его, рассмотрев более подробно следующую теорему, для доказательства которой необходимо использование теоремы 4.2.

Теорема 4.3. В пространстве D MathType@MTEF@5@5@+= feaahqart1ev3aaatCvAUfeBSjuyZL2yd9gzLbvyNv2CaerbuLwBLn hiov2DGi1BTfMBaeXatLxBI9gBaerbd9wDYLwzYbItLDharqqtubsr 4rNCHbGeaGqiVu0Je9sqqrpepC0xbbL8F4rqqrFfpeea0xe9Lq=Jc9 vqaqpepm0xbba9pwe9Q8fs0=yqaqpepae9pg0FirpepeKkFr0xfr=x fr=xb9adbaqaaeGaciGaaiaabeqaamaabaabaaGcqqaaaaaaaaGqSf 2yRbWdbeaatuuDJXwAK1uy0HMmaeHbfv3ySLgzG0uy0HgiuD3BaGqb a8aacqWFDeIudaahaaWcbeqaaiaadseaaaaaaa@43B1@ N(D)2D2 MathType@MTEF@5@5@+= feaahqart1ev3aaatCvAUfeBSjuyZL2yd9gzLbvyNv2CaerbuLwBLn hiov2DGi1BTfMBaeXatLxBI9gBaerbd9wDYLwzYbItLDharqqtubsr 4rNCHbGeaGqiVu0Je9sqqrpepC0xbbL8F4rqqrFfpeea0xe9Lq=Jc9 vqaqpepm0xbba9pwe9Q8fs0=yqaqpepae9pg0FirpepeKkFr0xfr=x fr=xb9adbaqaaeGaciGaaiaabeqaamaabaabaaGcqqaaaaaaaaGqSf 2yRbWdbeaapaGaaCOtaiaaiIcacaWGebGaaGykaiabgwMiZkaaikda caWGebGaeyOeI0IaaGOmaaaa@3FFC@ [9].

Доказательство. Покажем, что для ВНП в D MathType@MTEF@5@5@+= feaahqart1ev3aaatCvAUfeBSjuyZL2yd9gzLbvyNv2CaerbuLwBLn hiov2DGi1BTfMBaeXatLxBI9gBaerbd9wDYLwzYbItLDharqqtubsr 4rNCHbGeaGqiVu0Je9sqqrpepC0xbbL8F4rqqrFfpeea0xe9Lq=Jc9 vqaqpepm0xbba9pwe9Q8fs0=yqaqpepae9pg0FirpepeKkFr0xfr=x fr=xb9adbaqaaeGaciGaaiaabeqaamaabaabaaGcqqaaaaaaaaGqSf 2yRbWdbeaatuuDJXwAK1uy0HMmaeHbfv3ySLgzG0uy0HgiuD3BaGqb a8aacqWFDeIudaahaaWcbeqaaiaadseaaaaaaa@43B1@ требуется не менее 2D2 MathType@MTEF@5@5@+= feaahqart1ev3aaatCvAUfeBSjuyZL2yd9gzLbvyNv2CaerbuLwBLn hiov2DGi1BTfMBaeXatLxBI9gBaerbd9wDYLwzYbItLDharqqtubsr 4rNCHbGeaGqiVu0Je9sqqrpepC0xbbL8F4rqqrFfpeea0xe9Lq=Jc9 vqaqpepm0xbba9pwe9Q8fs0=yqaqpepae9pg0FirpepeKkFr0xfr=x fr=xb9adbaqaaeGaciGaaiaabeqaamaabaabaaGcqqaaaaaaaaGqSf 2yRbWdbeaapaGaaGOmaiaadseacqGHsislcaaIYaaaaa@3B31@ гиперплоскостей. Предположим, что возможно ВНП с N2D3 MathType@MTEF@5@5@+= feaahqart1ev3aaatCvAUfeBSjuyZL2yd9gzLbvyNv2CaerbuLwBLn hiov2DGi1BTfMBaeXatLxBI9gBaerbd9wDYLwzYbItLDharqqtubsr 4rNCHbGeaGqiVu0Je9sqqrpepC0xbbL8F4rqqrFfpeea0xe9Lq=Jc9 vqaqpepm0xbba9pwe9Q8fs0=yqaqpepae9pg0FirpepeKkFr0xfr=x fr=xb9adbaqaaeGaciGaaiaabeqaamaabaabaaGcqqaaaaaaaaGqSf 2yRbWdbeaapaGaamOtaiabgsMiJkaaikdacaWGebGaeyOeI0IaaG4m aaaa@3DBA@ гиперплоскостями { W k } k=1 N . MathType@MTEF@5@5@+= feaahqart1ev3aaatCvAUfeBSjuyZL2yd9gzLbvyNv2CaerbuLwBLn hiov2DGi1BTfMBaeXatLxBI9gBaerbd9wDYLwzYbItLDharqqtubsr 4rNCHbGeaGqiVu0Je9sqqrpepC0xbbL8F4rqqrFfpeea0xe9Lq=Jc9 vqaqpepm0xbba9pwe9Q8fs0=yqaqpepae9pg0FirpepeKkFr0xfr=x fr=xb9adbaqaaeGaciGaaiaabeqaamaabaabaaGcqqaaaaaaaaGqSf 2yRbWdbeaapaGaaG4EaiaadEfadaWgaaWcbaGaam4AaaqabaGccaaI 9bWaa0baaSqaaiaadUgacaaI9aGaaGymaaqaaiaad6eaaaGccaaIUa aaaa@4045@ Выберем вектор 0x k=1 D1 W k MathType@MTEF@5@5@+= feaahqart1ev3aaatCvAUfeBSjuyZL2yd9gzLbvyNv2CaerbuLwBLn hiov2DGi1BTfMBaeXatLxBI9gBaerbd9wDYLwzYbItLDharqqtubsr 4rNCHbGeaGqiVu0Je9sqqrpepC0xbbL8F4rqqrFfpeea0xe9Lq=Jc9 vqaqpepm0xbba9pwe9Q8fs0=yqaqpepae9pg0FirpepeKkFr0xfr=x fr=xb9adbaqaaeGaciGaaiaabeqaamaabaabaaGcqqaaaaaaaaGqSf 2yRbWdbeaapaGaaCimaiabgcMi5kaahIhacqGHiiIZcqGHPiYXdaqh aaWcbaGaam4Aaiaai2dacaaIXaaabaGaamiraiabgkHiTiaaigdaaa GccaWGxbWaaSbaaSqaaiaadUgaaeqaaaaa@45B8@ так, чтобы P k x=x MathType@MTEF@5@5@+= feaahqart1ev3aaatCvAUfeBSjuyZL2yd9gzLbvyNv2CaerbuLwBLn hiov2DGi1BTfMBaeXatLxBI9gBaerbd9wDYLwzYbItLDharqqtubsr 4rNCHbGeaGqiVu0Je9sqqrpepC0xbbL8F4rqqrFfpeea0xe9Lq=Jc9 vqaqpepm0xbba9pwe9Q8fs0=yqaqpepae9pg0FirpepeKkFr0xfr=x fr=xb9adbaqaaeGaciGaaiaabeqaamaabaabaaGcqqaaaaaaaaGqSf 2yRbWdbeaapaGaamiuamaaBaaaleaacaWGRbaabeaakiaahIhacaaI 9aGaaCiEaaaa@3CC7@ для k=1,2,,D1. MathType@MTEF@5@5@+= feaahqart1ev3aaatCvAUfeBSjuyZL2yd9gzLbvyNv2CaerbuLwBLn hiov2DGi1BTfMBaeXatLxBI9gBaerbd9wDYLwzYbItLDharqqtubsr 4rNCHbGeaGqiVu0Je9sqqrpepC0xbbL8F4rqqrFfpeea0xe9Lq=Jc9 vqaqpepm0xbba9pwe9Q8fs0=yqaqpepae9pg0FirpepeKkFr0xfr=x fr=xb9adbaqaaeGaciGaaiaabeqaamaabaabaaGcqqaaaaaaaaGqSf 2yRbWdbeaapaGaam4Aaiaai2dacaaIXaGaaGilaiaaikdacaaISaGa eSOjGSKaaGilaiaadseacqGHsislcaaIXaGaaGOlaaaa@419E@ Рассмотрим семейство векторов { P k x} k=1 N ={x} { P k x} k=D N . MathType@MTEF@5@5@+= feaahqart1ev3aaatCvAUfeBSjuyZL2yd9gzLbvyNv2CaerbuLwBLn hiov2DGi1BTfMBaeXatLxBI9gBaerbd9wDYLwzYbItLDharqqtubsr 4rNCHbGeaGqiVu0Je9sqqrpepC0xbbL8F4rqqrFfpeea0xe9Lq=Jc9 vqaqpepm0xbba9pwe9Q8fs0=yqaqpepae9pg0FirpepeKkFr0xfr=x fr=xb9adbaqaaeGaciGaaiaabeqaamaabaabaaGcqqaaaaaaaaGqSf 2yRbWdbeaapaGaaG4EaiaadcfadaWgaaWcbaGaam4AaaqabaGccaWH 4bGaaGyFamaaDaaaleaacaWGRbGaaGypaiaaigdaaeaacaWGobaaaO GaaGypaiaaiUhacaWH4bGaaGyFaiabgQIiilaaiUhacaWGqbWaaSba aSqaaiaadUgaaeqaaOGaaCiEaiaai2hadaqhaaWcbaGaam4Aaiaai2 dacaWGebaabaGaamOtaaaakiaai6caaaa@4F45@ Общее количество таких векторов 1+(2D3)(D1)=D1, MathType@MTEF@5@5@+= feaahqart1ev3aaatCvAUfeBSjuyZL2yd9gzLbvyNv2CaerbuLwBLn hiov2DGi1BTfMBaeXatLxBI9gBaerbd9wDYLwzYbItLDharqqtubsr 4rNCHbGeaGqiVu0Je9sqqrpepC0xbbL8F4rqqrFfpeea0xe9Lq=Jc9 vqaqpepm0xbba9pwe9Q8fs0=yqaqpepae9pg0FirpepeKkFr0xfr=x fr=xb9adbaqaaeGaciGaaiaabeqaamaabaabaaGcqqaaaaaaaaGqSf 2yRbWdbeaapaGaeyizImQaaGymaiabgUcaRiaaiIcacaaIYaGaamir aiabgkHiTiaaiodacaaIPaGaeyOeI0IaaGikaiaadseacqGHsislca aIXaGaaGykaiaai2dacaWGebGaeyOeI0IaaGymaiaaiYcaaaa@489A@ так что { P k x} k=1 N MathType@MTEF@5@5@+= feaahqart1ev3aaatCvAUfeBSjuyZL2yd9gzLbvyNv2CaerbuLwBLn hiov2DGi1BTfMBaeXatLxBI9gBaerbd9wDYLwzYbItLDharqqtubsr 4rNCHbGeaGqiVu0Je9sqqrpepC0xbbL8F4rqqrFfpeea0xe9Lq=Jc9 vqaqpepm0xbba9pwe9Q8fs0=yqaqpepae9pg0FirpepeKkFr0xfr=x fr=xb9adbaqaaeGaciGaaiaabeqaamaabaabaaGcqqaaaaaaaaGqSf 2yRbWdbeaapaGaaG4EaiaadcfadaWgaaWcbaGaam4AaaqabaGccaWH 4bGaaGyFamaaDaaaleaacaWGRbGaaGypaiaaigdaaeaacaWGobaaaa aa@407D@ не полно в D , MathType@MTEF@5@5@+= feaahqart1ev3aaatCvAUfeBSjuyZL2yd9gzLbvyNv2CaerbuLwBLn hiov2DGi1BTfMBaeXatLxBI9gBaerbd9wDYLwzYbItLDharqqtubsr 4rNCHbGeaGqiVu0Je9sqqrpepC0xbbL8F4rqqrFfpeea0xe9Lq=Jc9 vqaqpepm0xbba9pwe9Q8fs0=yqaqpepae9pg0FirpepeKkFr0xfr=x fr=xb9adbaqaaeGaciGaaiaabeqaamaabaabaaGcqqaaaaaaaaGqSf 2yRbWdbeaatuuDJXwAK1uy0HMmaeHbfv3ySLgzG0uy0HgiuD3BaGqb a8aacqWFDeIudaahaaWcbeqaaiaadseaaaGccaaISaaaaa@4471@ что противоречит теореме 4.2. Можно показать, что для каждого семейства подпространств { W k } k=1 N , MathType@MTEF@5@5@+= feaahqart1ev3aaatCvAUfeBSjuyZL2yd9gzLbvyNv2CaerbuLwBLn hiov2DGi1BTfMBaeXatLxBI9gBaerbd9wDYLwzYbItLDharqqtubsr 4rNCHbGeaGqiVu0Je9sqqrpepC0xbbL8F4rqqrFfpeea0xe9Lq=Jc9 vqaqpepm0xbba9pwe9Q8fs0=yqaqpepae9pg0FirpepeKkFr0xfr=x fr=xb9adbaqaaeGaciGaaiaabeqaamaabaabaaGcqqaaaaaaaaGqSf 2yRbWdbeaapaGaaG4EaiaadEfadaWgaaWcbaGaam4AaaqabaGccaaI 9bWaa0baaSqaaiaadUgacaaI9aGaaGymaaqaaiaad6eaaaGccaaISa aaaa@4043@ восстанавливающих по нормам проекторов в D , MathType@MTEF@5@5@+= feaahqart1ev3aaatCvAUfeBSjuyZL2yd9gzLbvyNv2CaerbuLwBLn hiov2DGi1BTfMBaeXatLxBI9gBaerbd9wDYLwzYbItLDharqqtubsr 4rNCHbGeaGqiVu0Je9sqqrpepC0xbbL8F4rqqrFfpeea0xe9Lq=Jc9 vqaqpepm0xbba9pwe9Q8fs0=yqaqpepae9pg0FirpepeKkFr0xfr=x fr=xb9adbaqaaeGaciGaaiaabeqaamaabaabaaGcqqaaaaaaaaGqSf 2yRbWdbeaatuuDJXwAK1uy0HMmaeHbfv3ySLgzG0uy0HgiuD3BaGqb a8aacqWFDeIudaahaaWcbeqaaiaadseaaaGccaaISaaaaa@4471@ найдутся гиперплоскости W k W k , MathType@MTEF@5@5@+= feaahqart1ev3aaatCvAUfeBSjuyZL2yd9gzLbvyNv2CaerbuLwBLn hiov2DGi1BTfMBaeXatLxBI9gBaerbd9wDYLwzYbItLDharqqtubsr 4rNCHbGeaGqiVu0Je9sqqrpepC0xbbL8F4rqqrFfpeea0xe9Lq=Jc9 vqaqpepm0xbba9pwe9Q8fs0=yqaqpepae9pg0FirpepeKkFr0xfr=x fr=xb9adbaqaaeGaciGaaiaabeqaamaabaabaaGcqqaaaaaaaaGqSf 2yRbWdbeaapaGabm4vayaafaWaaSbaaSqaaiaadUgaaeqaaOGaey4G IKSaam4vamaaBaaaleaacaWGRbaabeaakiaaiYcaaaa@3EC3@ которые также восстанавливают по нормам проекторов. Следовательно, N2D2. MathType@MTEF@5@5@+= feaahqart1ev3aaatCvAUfeBSjuyZL2yd9gzLbvyNv2CaerbuLwBLn hiov2DGi1BTfMBaeXatLxBI9gBaerbd9wDYLwzYbItLDharqqtubsr 4rNCHbGeaGqiVu0Je9sqqrpepC0xbbL8F4rqqrFfpeea0xe9Lq=Jc9 vqaqpepm0xbba9pwe9Q8fs0=yqaqpepae9pg0FirpepeKkFr0xfr=x fr=xb9adbaqaaeGaciGaaiaabeqaamaabaabaaGcqqaaaaaaaaGqSf 2yRbWdbeaapaGaamOtaiabgwMiZkaaikdacaWGebGaeyOeI0IaaGOm aiaai6caaaa@3E82@

Таким образом, в пространстве D MathType@MTEF@5@5@+= feaahqart1ev3aaatCvAUfeBSjuyZL2yd9gzLbvyNv2CaerbuLwBLn hiov2DGi1BTfMBaeXatLxBI9gBaerbd9wDYLwzYbItLDharqqtubsr 4rNCHbGeaGqiVu0Je9sqqrpepC0xbbL8F4rqqrFfpeea0xe9Lq=Jc9 vqaqpepm0xbba9pwe9Q8fs0=yqaqpepae9pg0FirpepeKkFr0xfr=x fr=xb9adbaqaaeGaciGaaiaabeqaamaabaabaaGcqqaaaaaaaaGqSf 2yRbWdbeaatuuDJXwAK1uy0HMmaeHbfv3ySLgzG0uy0HgiuD3BaGqb a8aacqWFDeIudaahaaWcbeqaaiaadseaaaaaaa@43B1@ минимальное количество восстанавливающих подпространств равно 2D2 MathType@MTEF@5@5@+= feaahqart1ev3aaatCvAUfeBSjuyZL2yd9gzLbvyNv2CaerbuLwBLn hiov2DGi1BTfMBaeXatLxBI9gBaerbd9wDYLwzYbItLDharqqtubsr 4rNCHbGeaGqiVu0Je9sqqrpepC0xbbL8F4rqqrFfpeea0xe9Lq=Jc9 vqaqpepm0xbba9pwe9Q8fs0=yqaqpepae9pg0FirpepeKkFr0xfr=x fr=xb9adbaqaaeGaciGaaiaabeqaamaabaabaaGcqqaaaaaaaaGqSf 2yRbWdbeaapaGaaGOmaiaadseacqGHsislcaaIYaaaaa@3B31@ или 2D1 MathType@MTEF@5@5@+= feaahqart1ev3aaatCvAUfeBSjuyZL2yd9gzLbvyNv2CaerbuLwBLn hiov2DGi1BTfMBaeXatLxBI9gBaerbd9wDYLwzYbItLDharqqtubsr 4rNCHbGeaGqiVu0Je9sqqrpepC0xbbL8F4rqqrFfpeea0xe9Lq=Jc9 vqaqpepm0xbba9pwe9Q8fs0=yqaqpepae9pg0FirpepeKkFr0xfr=x fr=xb9adbaqaaeGaciGaaiaabeqaamaabaabaaGcqqaaaaaaaaGqSf 2yRbWdbeaapaGaaGOmaiaadseacqGHsislcaaIXaaaaa@3B30@ , однако на данный момент построен только один пример в виде шести двумерных подпространств, обеспечивающих ВНП в 4 MathType@MTEF@5@5@+= feaahqart1ev3aaatCvAUfeBSjuyZL2yd9gzLbvyNv2CaerbuLwBLn hiov2DGi1BTfMBaeXatLxBI9gBaerbd9wDYLwzYbItLDharqqtubsr 4rNCHbGeaGqiVu0Je9sqqrpepC0xbbL8F4rqqrFfpeea0xe9Lq=Jc9 vqaqpepm0xbba9pwe9Q8fs0=yqaqpepae9pg0FirpepeKkFr0xfr=x fr=xb9adbaqaaeGaciGaaiaabeqaamaabaabaaGcqqaaaaaaaaGqSf 2yRbWdbeaatuuDJXwAK1uy0HMmaeHbfv3ySLgzG0uy0HgiuD3BaGqb a8aacqWFDeIudaahaaWcbeqaaiaaisdaaaaaaa@43A6@ . Кроме D=4 MathType@MTEF@5@5@+= feaahqart1ev3aaatCvAUfeBSjuyZL2yd9gzLbvyNv2CaerbuLwBLn hiov2DGi1BTfMBaeXatLxBI9gBaerbd9wDYLwzYbItLDharqqtubsr 4rNCHbGeaGqiVu0Je9sqqrpepC0xbbL8F4rqqrFfpeea0xe9Lq=Jc9 vqaqpepm0xbba9pwe9Q8fs0=yqaqpepae9pg0FirpepeKkFr0xfr=x fr=xb9adbaqaaeGaciGaaiaabeqaamaabaabaaGcqqaaaaaaaaGqSf 2yRbWdbeaapaGaamiraiaai2dacaaI0aaaaa@3A51@ неизвестен пример ни для одного пространства D MathType@MTEF@5@5@+= feaahqart1ev3aaatCvAUfeBSjuyZL2yd9gzLbvyNv2CaerbuLwBLn hiov2DGi1BTfMBaeXatLxBI9gBaerbd9wDYLwzYbItLDharqqtubsr 4rNCHbGeaGqiVu0Je9sqqrpepC0xbbL8F4rqqrFfpeea0xe9Lq=Jc9 vqaqpepm0xbba9pwe9Q8fs0=yqaqpepae9pg0FirpepeKkFr0xfr=x fr=xb9adbaqaaeGaciGaaiaabeqaamaabaabaaGcqqaaaaaaaaGqSf 2yRbWdbeaatuuDJXwAK1uy0HMmaeHbfv3ySLgzG0uy0HgiuD3BaGqb a8aacqWFDeIudaahaaWcbeqaaiaadseaaaaaaa@43B1@ , для которых реализуется значение N(D)=2D2. MathType@MTEF@5@5@+= feaahqart1ev3aaatCvAUfeBSjuyZL2yd9gzLbvyNv2CaerbuLwBLn hiov2DGi1BTfMBaeXatLxBI9gBaerbd9wDYLwzYbItLDharqqtubsr 4rNCHbGeaGqiVu0Je9sqqrpepC0xbbL8F4rqqrFfpeea0xe9Lq=Jc9 vqaqpepm0xbba9pwe9Q8fs0=yqaqpepae9pg0FirpepeKkFr0xfr=x fr=xb9adbaqaaeGaciGaaiaabeqaamaabaabaaGcqqaaaaaaaaGqSf 2yRbWdbeaapaGaaCOtaiaaiIcacaWGebGaaGykaiaai2dacaaIYaGa amiraiabgkHiTiaaikdacaaIUaaaaa@3FB5@

Для комплексного пространства D MathType@MTEF@5@5@+= feaahqart1ev3aaatCvAUfeBSjuyZL2yd9gzLbvyNv2CaerbuLwBLn hiov2DGi1BTfMBaeXatLxBI9gBaerbd9wDYLwzYbItLDharqqtubsr 4rNCHbGeaGqiVu0Je9sqqrpepC0xbbL8F4rqqrFfpeea0xe9Lq=Jc9 vqaqpepm0xbba9pwe9Q8fs0=yqaqpepae9pg0FirpepeKkFr0xfr=x fr=xb9adbaqaaeGaciGaaiaabeqaamaabaabaaGcqqaaaaaaaaGqSf 2yRbWdbeaatuuDJXwAK1uy0HMmaeHbfv3ySLgzG0uy0HgiuD3BaGqb a8aacqWFceYqdaahaaWcbeqaaiaadseaaaaaaa@4387@ в настоящий момент минимальное количество подпространств, обеспечивающее ВНП, неизвестно.

Выводы

В данной статье было показано, что в евклидовом пространстве свойства восстановления по модулям измерений, альтернативной полноты и отсутствия матриц ранга 1 или 2 в ядре оператора A MathType@MTEF@5@5@+= feaahqart1ev3aaatCvAUfeBSjuyZL2yd9gzLbvyNv2CaerbuLwBLn hiov2DGi1BTfMBaeXatLxBI9gBaerbd9wDYLwzYbItLDharqqtubsr 4rNCHbGeaGqiVu0Je9sqqrpepC0xbbL8F4rqqrFfpeea0xe9Lq=Jc9 vqaqpepm0xbba9pwe9Q8fs0=yqaqpepae9pg0FirpepeKkFr0xfr=x fr=xb9adbaqaaeGaciGaaiaabeqaamaabaabaaGcqqaaaaaaaaGqSf 2yRbWdbeaapaGaaCyqaaaa@38CD@ являются эквивалентными. В унитарном пространстве свойство набора векторов восстанавливать вектор-сигнал по модулям измерений является эквивалентным только свойству отсутствия матриц ранга 1 или 2 в ядре оператора A MathType@MTEF@5@5@+= feaahqart1ev3aaatCvAUfeBSjuyZL2yd9gzLbvyNv2CaerbuLwBLn hiov2DGi1BTfMBaeXatLxBI9gBaerbd9wDYLwzYbItLDharqqtubsr 4rNCHbGeaGqiVu0Je9sqqrpepC0xbbL8F4rqqrFfpeea0xe9Lq=Jc9 vqaqpepm0xbba9pwe9Q8fs0=yqaqpepae9pg0FirpepeKkFr0xfr=x fr=xb9adbaqaaeGaciGaaiaabeqaamaabaabaaGcqqaaaaaaaaGqSf 2yRbWdbeaapaGaaCyqaaaa@38CD@ , свойство альтернативной полноты является необходимым, но недостаточным для выполнения первых двух.

Также показано, что в евклидовом пространстве свойство набора подпространств восстанавливать вектор-сигнал по нормам проекций может быть охарактеризовано свойствами ядра оператора A. MathType@MTEF@5@5@+= feaahqart1ev3aaatCvAUfeBSjuyZL2yd9gzLbvyNv2CaerbuLwBLn hiov2DGi1BTfMBaeXatLxBI9gBaerbd9wDYLwzYbItLDharqqtubsr 4rNCHbGeaGqiVu0Je9sqqrpepC0xbbL8F4rqqrFfpeea0xe9Lq=Jc9 vqaqpepm0xbba9pwe9Q8fs0=yqaqpepae9pg0FirpepeKkFr0xfr=x fr=xb9adbaqaaeGaciGaaiaabeqaamaabaabaaGcqqaaaaaaaaGqSf 2yRbWdbeaapaGaaCyqaiaai6caaaa@3985@ Предметом дальнейшего исследования является вопрос о том, являются ли эти свойства эквивалентными в унитарном пространстве.

Проанализированы имеющиеся результаты в отношении минимального количества векторов, допускающих ВМИ, и минимального количества подпространств, допускающих ВНП. Для пространств размерности, не превосходящей 10, приведена таблица, содержащая сведения о минимальном количестве векторов, допускающих ВМИ. Для некоторых подпространств это количество оказывается точно известным, в то время как для других известны лишь границы, в которых оно находится.

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About the authors

Ilia M. Izbiakov

Samara National Research University

Author for correspondence.
Email: iliya-izbyakov@mail.ru
ORCID iD: 0000-0003-3358-966X

post-graduate student of the Department of Information Security

Russian Federation, Samara

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