Proceedings of young scientists and specialists of the Samara UniversityProceedings of young scientists and specialists of the Samara University2782-2982Samara National Research University9169Research ArticleROLE OF GABAERGIC AND GLUTAMATERGIC MECHANISMS OF PARAFACIAL REGION IN REGULATION OF RESPIRATION IN RATSBudaevAleksandr Ivanovichbudaev.sasha@mail.ruVedyasovaOlga Aleksandrovnao.a.vedyasova@gmail.comKovalevaTatyana Evgenievnakovalova.t.e@gmail.comFedotovaIrina Grigorievnafedorina94@mail.ruSamara University151220172 (11)152217082021Copyright © 2017, Proceedings of young scientists and specialists of the Samara University2017In acute experiments on anaesthetized mature rats the respiratory responses to microinjections of -7 -8 GABAA agonist muscimol (10 М) and glutamatergic agonist L-glutamate (10 М) into retrotrapezoid nucleus (RTN) are studied. Shown that activation of GABAA-receptors in RTN decreased lung ventilation due to reduction of breathing frequency and of tidal volume whereas activation of glutamatergic receptors promoted a tendency of increase lung ventilation, thanks to growth of tidal volume. These respiratory effects were accompanied by of inspiratory and expiratory phases duration. Data obtained demonstrate that in mature mammals in normal conditions GABAA-receptors and glutamatergic receptors in the RTN participate in modulation of activity of neurons which control the mechanisms regulation of volume parameters of breathing and duration of both phases of respiratory cycle.паттерн внешнего дыханияретротрапециевидное ядромусцимолГАМКА-рецепторыL-глутаматионотропные глутаматные рецепторы[Cream С., Li А., Nattie Е. The retrotrapezoid nucleus (RTN): local cytoarchitecture and afferent connections // Respir. Physiol. Neurobiol. 2002. Vol. 130. P. 121-137.][Connelly C. A., Ellenberger H. H., Feldman J. L. Respiratory activity in retrotrapezoid nucleus in cat // Am. J. Physiol. 1990. Vol. 258. P. 133-144.][Li A., Nattie E. CO2 dialysis in one chemoreceptor site, the RTN: stimulus intensity and sensitivity in the awake rat // Respir. Physiol. Neurobiol. 2002. Vol. 133. P. 11-22.][Regulation of breathing by CO2 requires the proton-activated receptor GPR4 in retrotrapezoid nucleus neurons / N. N. Kumar, A. Velic, J. Soliz [et al.] // Science. 2015. Vol. 348. P. 1255-1260.][Peripheral chemoreceptor inputs to retrotrapezoid nucleus (RTN) CO2-sensitive neurons in rats / A. C. Takakura, T. S. Moreira, E. Colombari [et al.] // J. Physiol. 2006. Vol. 572. Pt. 2. P. 503-523.][Proton detection and breathing regulation by the retrotrapezoid nucleus / P. Guyenet, D. Bayliss, R. Stornetta [et al.] // J. Physiol. 2016. Vol. 594. № 6. Р. 1529-1551.][Onimaru H., Ikeida K., Kawakami K. CO2-sensitive preinspiratory neurons of the parafacial respiratory group express Phox2b in the neonatal rat // J. Neurosci. 2008. Vol. 28. P. 22845-12850.][Active expiration induced by excitation of ventral medulla of adult anesthetized rats / S. Pagliardini, W. A. Janczewski, W. Tan [et al.] // J. Neurosci. 2011. Vol. 31. P. 2895-2905.][Role of parafacial nuclei in control of breathing in adult rats / R. T. R. Huckstepp, K. P. Cardoza, L. E., Henderson [et al.] // J. Neurosci. 2015. Vol. 35. № 3. P. 1052-1067.][Neuroanatomical and physiological evidence that the retrotrapezoid nucleus/parafacial region regulates expiration in adult rats / J. N. Silva, F. M. Tanabe, T. S. Morerira [et al.] // Respir. Physiol. Neurobiol. 2016. Vol. 227. P. 9-22.][Rosin D. L., Chang D. A., Guyenet P. G. Afferent and efferent connections of the rat retrotrapezoid nucleus // J. Comp. Neurol. 2006. Vol. 499. № 1. P. 64-89.][α1- and α2-adrenergic receptors in the retrotrapezoid nucleus differentially regulate breathing in anesthetized adult rats / L. M. Oliveira, T. S. Moreira, F. Kuo [et al.] // J. Neurophysiol. 2016. V. 116. P. 1036-1048.][Сафонов В. А. Регуляция внешнего дыхания // Вестник СурГУ. Медицина. 2009. № 2. С. 13-21.][Респираторные реакции при микроинъекциях ГАМК и баклофена в комплекс Бетцингера и комплекс пре-Бетцингера у крыс / О. А. Ведясова, Н. Г. Маньшина, В. А. Сафонов [и др.] // Рос. физиол. журн. им. И. М. Сеченова. 2012. Т. 98. № 5. С. 618-626.][Состояние про- и антиоксидантных систем нижней части ствола мозга крыс при развитии периодического дыхания после введения оксибутирата / И. А. Тараканов, Л. Н. Тихомирова, А. Г. Жукова [и др.] // Бюлл. эксперим. биол. и мед. 2016. Т. 162. № 7. С. 19-23.][Alheid G. F., McCrimmon D. R. The chemical neuroanatomy of breathing // Respir. Physiol. Neurobiol. 2008. Vol. 164. № 1-2. P. 3-11.][GABAergic and glycinergic inputs modulate rhythmogenic mechanisms in the lamprey respiratory network / E. Cinelli, D. Mutolo, B. Robertson [et al.] // J. Physiol. 2014. Vol. 592. P. 1823-1838.][Takakura A. C., Moreira T. S. Contribution of excitatory amino acid receptors of the retrotrapezoid nucleus to the sympathetic chemoreflex in rats // Exp. Physiol. 2011. Vol. 10. Р. 989-999. doi: 10.1113/expphysiol.2011.058842. Epub 2011 Jul 8 (дата обращения: 15.10.17).][Essential role of Phox2b-expressing ventrolateral brainstem neurons in the chemosensory control of inspiration and expiration / N. Marina, A. P. Abdala, S. Trapp [et al.] // J. Neurosci. 2010. Vol. 30. P. 12466-12473.][Pre-Botzinger complex receives glutamatergic innervations from galaninergic and other retrotrapezoid nucleus neurons / G. Bochorishvili, R. L. Stornetta, M. B. Coates [et al.] // J. Compar. Neurol. 2012. Vol. 520. P. 1047-1061.][Bianchi A. L., Denavit-Saubie M., Champagnat J. Central control of breathing in mammals: neuronal circuitry, membrane properties, and neurotransmitters // Physiol. Rev. 1995. Vol. 75. № 1. P. 1-45.][Duffin J., Alphen J. Bilateral connections from ventral group inspiratory neurons to phrenic motoneurons in the rat determined by crosscorrelation // Brain. Res. 1995. Vol. 694. P. 55-60.][Семьянов А. В. ГАМК-эргическое торможение в ЦНС: типы ГАМК-рецепторов и механизмы тонического ГАМК-опосредованного тормозного действия // Нейрофизиология. 2002. Т. 34. № 1. С. 82-92.][Калуев А. В. Как организован хлорный ионофор ГАМКА-рецептора? // Нейронауки. 2006. № 3. С. 31-42.][Control of breathing and blood pressure by parafacial neurons in conscious rats / A. C. Takakura, T. S. Moreira, P. M. De Paula [et al.] // Exp. Physiol. 2013. V. 98. № 1. P. 304-315.]