Vol 25, No 1 (2019)

Full Issue

MAN FROM VOLCHANKA: THE WHOLE WORLD IN ONE FIND

Kisly A.E.

Abstract

In 1979 a Bronge Age mound was explored by the archeological expedition of Kuibyshev State University. Among findings there is one vessel common for Srubnaya culture with unique image made by drawing on a clay. It portrays dancing or leaving young naked man back to the viewer. There are no analogs in the world heritage of this time made with great quality, a portraying man with perspective, dynamic and expression. Previously this finding was not mentioned in scientific researches on an appropriate level. Moreover, this vessel is so unique that needs distinct study. The discovered object is connected not only with ancient period of transformation of Eurasian cultures, but with times of the formation of the Aryans, when «The first of the dead» pra-Indian god Yama, the King of Hell, «was not the god yet». Furthermore, this object allows to see connections between pra-Aryan, pra-Indian and modern cultures in a new way. Naturalistic images were banned in researched time due to protoideological tendencies linked with formation of reproducing economy. All the pictures on vessels of Srubnaya culture we know is not only schematic, but they are nominal. Typically, vessels are decorated with ornamental compositions or simple separate ornaments. This is widely known among experts that rare images of people are statuary and primitive. However, mentioned vessel from Volchanka, as for a middle of II millennium B.C. is unique in every sense. Technique, plot, composition, angle, quality are amazing. Some analogs with similar images can be found in the Northern Black Sea region: Trypillia culture, anthropomorphic stelles of III-II millennium B.C. It was exactly Northern Black Sea region which saved ancient traditions of super realistic images (historically inherent to many cultures, especially to Indo-Aryans with their productivity). When it came to the oldest beliefs, and sometimes local tribal cults, posterity, the survival of the tribe, then deviations from the canons were allowed. In Indo-Aryan culture, plots are firmly tied to the traditions of rebirth and getting offspring. I suppose, that plot from mentioned vessel is a part of similar widespread beliefs about possibility to keep the tribe numerous, or, even, about rebirth of a dead teen.

Vestnik of Samara University. History, pedagogics, philology. 2019;25(1):7-16
pages 7-16 views

THE ORIGINS OF THE SPARTAN PERIOIKIA: INTERNAL COLONIZATION

Eremin A.Y.

Abstract

The article deals with the so-called «internal colonization» as one of the ways of the genesis of perioikic settlements from the point of view of the formation of the perioikia as a specific form of dependency in ancient Sparta. The three ўрпйкЯбй, or colonies, which were founded by the Spartans in Laconia and were in the classical period supposed by the ancient tradition to have the status of perioikoi, are analyzed in detail: Lepreon, Cythera and Gerontrae. It is especially noticed that in all three cases the main and prevailing part of settlers belonged to the dependent population. So, in the case of Lepreon, those were the freed helots, whereas in case of Cythera and Gerontrae, apparently, the perioikoi.
The predominant participation in the internal colonization of the dependent categories of the population and, above all, the perioikoi, is confirmed, as it seems, by the social composition of the colonists who took part in the founding of the Spartan colonies outside the borders of Laconia itself. Thus, the Spartan perioikoi definitely participated in the foundation of Heraclea Trachinia in 426 BC. e. and, most likely, in colonial expeditions to Libya and Sicily led by prince Dorieus at the end of VI century BC., whereas the Spartiates in both cases acted as the oikistes only and were very few in numbers. As for the foundation of Taras, the most famous Spartan colony outside the Greece proper, here also the bulk (if not all) of the colonists did not belong to the Spartan citizenry.   
Therefore, it is concluded that the so-called «internal colonization» could not be an «archetype», the original way of genesis of perioikic settlements and, accordingly, the Spartan perioikia as a specific form of dependency. Rather, it represented a socio-political imitation of the primary way of the genesis of perioikic dependency – the forcible appropriation by the Spartiate community of the territory as a result of military expansion.

Vestnik of Samara University. History, pedagogics, philology. 2019;25(1):17-25
pages 17-25 views

JAPANESE IMMIGRATION INTO THE USA AND THE JAPANESE-AMERICAN RELATIONS ON THE BEGINNING OF THE XX CENTURY (HISTORY AND HISTORIOGRAPHY OF THE QUESTION)

Martyshkin S.A.

Abstract

The article is devoted to the American and Japanese historiography of history of the Japanese immigration into the USA and the American-Japanese relations on the beginning of the XX century. Author of the publication issued historiography about this historical problem, mainly the historiography of the USA, and the historiography of such states as Japan and Russia. Such historical problems were discussed as Californian Conflict of 1906–1909 and 1913, so called «Gentlemen Agreement» (1907) and Root-Takahira exchange of notes (November 1908). From the beginning of Japanese immigration into the USA on the end of the
XIX century the struggle for the Japanese exclusion had started especially in California on the Pacific coast. Restrictionism and antirestrictionism were created as main streams of American ethnic historiography. Such streams of the historiography as political idealism and political realism deals with the Japanese immigration problem too.
American historians, who are the members of the so called political idealism approach to the foreign policy of the USA problems, usually make some detailed issues of the American policy in the Far East. The American-Chinese and American-Japanese relations were based on such main streams of the Far Eastern policy as internationalization of railroads in Manchuria and the American load to Manchu government during the period of international financial consortium in China. Political idealism in the American historiography was connected with such authors as R.A. Esthus, R.W. Curry and Ch. Neu, whose monographs and articles were issued by the author of this publication. The question on Japanese immigration in the USA was respected as one aspect of the whole Japanese-American relations on the Pacific problem.
Another main stream of the American historiography of international relations is connected with works of ethnic historians such as B. Hosokawa and K. Kawakami. Author of this publication discussed question of ethnic historiography in the USA (about the Japanese immigrants and their role in the American social-political life). Main theme of this historiographical sketch were some perspectives of the 2nd generation of Japanese immigrants development in the American conditions of life. The most of the ethnical historians in the USA called the representatives of the 2nd generation of the Japanese immigrants as «Nisei». Author’s of this article research of the Nisei history is some innovational method in Russian historiography.

Vestnik of Samara University. History, pedagogics, philology. 2019;25(1):26-31
pages 26-31 views

CAVES ON MONASTERIAL TERRITORIES OF THE RUSSIAN ORTHODOX CHURCH OF 17–21ST CENTURIES: GENESIS AND PLACE IN THE SACRED LANDSCAPE

Stepkin V.V.

Abstract

The article considers genesis of the caves located on territory of 23 monasteries of the Russian Orthodox Church, which are in different subjects of European part of the Russian Federation. It is noted that emergence of the cult caves was influenced by a number of factors. The caves appeared as a transfer result of sacred space of such centres of Christian pilgrimage like Jerusalem, Athos, Kiev onto Russian soil. The caves were also created as a result of spiritual practice of hesychasm, repentance lives and eschatological expectations. Appearance of the cult caves was both in the form of individual penance laypeople and monks, and in the form of people’s cave digging. It should be noted that the caves were built either in new, not previously included in the sacred space of the settlements, or in the areas of monasteries previously abolished as a result of secularization. In some cases creation of caves on monasterial territory was reported. During the Soviet period the caves were abandoned along with closing monasteries. Currently, the sacred space of caves is being recreated along with re-emerging abodes, church service is hold in underground churches. Caves, occupying a unique place in the cultural landscape, attract pilgrims and tourists. However, the sacred space semantics cannot always be fully implemented in them. The concrete examples of transfer discovered in the article fro sacral space of Jerusalem, Mount Athos and Kiev into the cave monasteries of the Russian Orthodox Church intended to level this aspect as well as the aspect of Hesychast’s way reflection in the corridors and cells of cave mazes. The structural-semantic method was used in the studies for analysis, which allowed revealing the meaning of cave complexes in sacred monastic space. Anthropological approach to the studies of cave diggers subculture helped analyze the cave creators’ motives and values.

Vestnik of Samara University. History, pedagogics, philology. 2019;25(1):32-42
pages 32-42 views

PHOTOS OF L.N. TOLSTOY AS A SOURCE OF FORMATION OF CULTURAL MEMORY

Purygin A.E.

Abstract

The article is a study of the image of Leo Tolstoy, reflected in the photographic heritage of the great writer, represented by the photo funds of the State Museum of L.N. Tolstoy. Photos are considered in the context of heritage and historical memory. It shows the imprinting and deposition of the image of Tolstoy by a variety of people who create the context of historical memory. At the same time, special attention is paid to the photographic image of the writer created by his wife S.A. Tolstaya. It turns out that the image of the young Tolstoy appear at the same time with the advent of photography in Russia. It is established that in connection with the expansion of the social circle increases the number of photographers of Tolstoy, who want to capture a variety of moments of his life and creative experiences. In the 1900s, the number of photos associated with the arrival of guests and loved ones to Yasnaya Polyana, who created entire photo collections, which displayed a variety of topics, was expanding. This is the creative cuisine of Tolstoy, and images of him in full growth, and gatherings with friends, and the Caucasus. It is revealed that the photographic memory is heterogeneous: Tolstoy was shot by professional photographers, amateurs, reporters, and images of each group have their own characteristics, but they were all included in the cultural and anthropological aspect of life in Russia. Through the prism of meetings and spiritual quest shown a progressive significance of photography for the social life of Russia. The collections of the museum are analyzed as stages of forming of the visual image in the collective memory. Photos are studied in the context of the lifetime iconography of the great writer. Their positive aspect connected with visualization of everyday life in Russia is shown.

Vestnik of Samara University. History, pedagogics, philology. 2019;25(1):43-49
pages 43-49 views

EMIGRANT PERIOD OF LIFE OF THE FORMER MINISTER P.D. KLIMUSHKIN

Perepelkin M.A.

Abstract

The article attempts to reconstruct the emigrant period of life of one of the minor heroes of the novel
A. Tolstoy «Eighteenth Year», a native of the Samara province, a prominent figure in the Socialist Revolutionary movement, a member of the Constituent Assembly, the Minister of Internal Affairs of the Komuch Prokopy Klimushkin (1888–1958). Biographical information about P.D. Klimushkin is scattered in many sources, some of which contradict the others, but the least studied until today remains the emigrant period of his life, which began after, «going to an illegal position», Klimushkin left together with the Czech echelon at first to Irkutsk, then to Vladivostok and, finally, to Prague. Studying the «Prague» period, the author of the article found it necessary to divide it into two twenty years – before the Second World War and after it. Special attention is paid to P.D. Klimushkin’s activity within the framework of the so-called «Russian action» in Czechoslovakia, as director of the Russian People’s University and in the «Society of Volga Movement Members of 1918», for the first time information on the personal life of the former minister is systematized, and also highlights his «walking on the agony», which began after 1945 and ended two years before his death, in 1956. Reconstructing the previously little studied period of P.D. Klimushkin’s biography, the author of the article is based on archival documents, publications in Russian and foreign sources and testimonies of contemporaries, among which the most important place belongs to the memoirs of S. Nikolaev «In the first place truth and only truth».

Vestnik of Samara University. History, pedagogics, philology. 2019;25(1):50-56
pages 50-56 views

FUNCTIONS OF UNIVERSITY TEACHERS IN MODERN CONDITIONS

Sanko A.M.

Abstract

Education always responds to changes in society, and the teacher, in his turn, is its key figure. Society is changing, demands are changing. The teacher of the University is obliged to change, which requires continuous improvement both in the subject area and in the field of teaching methods, acquiring skills in information systems of educational process management. The relevance of the problem of clarifying the functions of professional activity of teachers of educational institutions of higher education is due to the need for rational allocation of time for quality performance of their work. The activity of university teachers in modern conditions is aimed at the training of competitive personnel, which requires significant intellectual, temporary efforts from these employees; readiness for effective social interaction with colleagues, students, partners; technological competence in solving problems in the information and educational environment and information management systems of the educational process associated with the organization of research, teaching, organizational, methodological and contact work.
The article presents the results obtained by the following research methods: analysis and synthesis of scientific information, professional standard «Teacher of professional training» and the draft of the professional standard «Scientist», the results of the research in the field of professional activity of teachers; generalization and systematization of scientific facts and provisions; survey of teachers of educational organizations (monographic sample was 20 people).
Experimental work was to determine the time spent on the functions of the teaching staff of educational institutions of higher education, to determine the importance of each of the selected functions and to assess the satisfaction of teachers from the results of their functions.

Vestnik of Samara University. History, pedagogics, philology. 2019;25(1):57-62
pages 57-62 views

AUTONOMOUS POSITION OF THE STUDENT’S PERSONALITY IN LEARNING ACTIVITY

Gorkaya Z.V.

Abstract

The article describes the manifestations of the autonomous position of the student’s personality in the educational process. Autonomy, manifested in the ability to make an informed, subject and responsible choice, is considered as the main prerequisite for future professional success. The study of manifestations of the student’s autonomous position in the educational process was carried out over two years. The level of student autonomy was determined through the ability to set goals, individual responsibility, and subject activity in the educational process. The study allowed us to identify explicit and implicit forms of autonomy. Explicitly, the measure of autonomy is determined through the setting of goals and priorities in the educational process, the degree of synchronization of actions, the construction of prospective plans for self-realization and development. The implicit basis of the autonomous position of the student’s personality is reflection and awareness of the significance of the events.
The study describes the factors that determine the autonomous, responsible and independent behavior of the student in learning activities. Statistical data processing reveals differences in the signs of «successful» and «not successful» groups of students. The relationship between academic performance and the level of autonomy of the student’s personality is defined. Specific manifestations of autonomy in behavior are described.
The autonomous position of a student’s personality is manifested in responsible and independent behavior, interest in current learning outcomes, the ability to independently make decisions, exercise control, show initiative and criticality when studying educational material; high adaptive activity, focus on the interests of others, desire to plan their actions, taking into account group tasks. A low level of student autonomy in learning activity is manifested through the strategy of subordinate adaptive behavior: the desire to live without conflict in the professional community, lack of initiative, avoidance of independent actions; desire to be careful and pragmatic when making decisions; propensity to avoid problem tasks, to receive support and encouragement for the efforts made, rather than the result achieved.
The autonomous position of a student’s personality influences the quality of learning outcomes due to the ability to align learning objectives with individual interests and needs.

Vestnik of Samara University. History, pedagogics, philology. 2019;25(1):63-69
pages 63-69 views

FORMATION OF PSYCHOLOGICAL AND PEDAGOGICAL COMPETENCE OF STUDENTS-MATHEMATICIANS

Ivanushkina N.V.

Abstract

The analysis of approaches to the solution of the problem of formation of psychological and pedagogical component of a professional competence of students- mathematicians studying in a higher educational institution is presented in the article. The relevance of a research in connection with the increasing requirements to the level and quality of training of future specialists is noted. It is noted that the specified problem requires a high level of ability of students to realize their intellectual opportunities, applying at the same time all the creative resources of continuous increase of the level of professional knowledge. Therefore, contents and technique of teaching subject matters should reflect requirements of employers imposed to students, future graduates of higher school in conditions of social and economic conversions in the country, their high competitiveness, mobility, readiness for self-education and self-realization. It is noted that this contributes to the teaching of the integrated course «Psychology and Pedagogics».
The analysis of the researches devoted to studying of an entity of the concept «psychological and pedagogical competence» of students, its criteria is presented in the article. The specificity of its formation in specially created pedagogical conditions is noted. The organizational model of forms, methods and means of formation of psychological and pedagogical competence of students-mathematicians applied in the integrated course «Psychology and Pedagogics» taking into account both classroom, and out-of-class activity is offered to consider.
The article presents the results of a study of the level of formation of the criteria of psychological and pedagogical competence of students-mathematicians: readiness to solve professional problems, readiness for self-education and self-realization, emotional-volitional readiness, readiness for creative self-realization, they revealed mainly the presence of low and medium levels formation. The article notes the effectiveness of the study.

Vestnik of Samara University. History, pedagogics, philology. 2019;25(1):70-75
pages 70-75 views

CONFLICT MANAGEMENT IN EDUCATIONAL ORGANIZATION

Nikulina I.V.

Abstract

The process of educational institutions of higher education restructuring, reducing the academic load and, as a consequence, reducing teachers numbers, the unfavorable organizational culture of a higher education institution lead to an increase of a destructive conflict level in the educational environment. Many conflicts arising in higher education are not complete without clarifying the «high-pitched» relationships, negative emotions, and sophisticated manipulations. Giving in to emotions, the participants of the conflict kindle it more strongly, involve other people in it, thereby expanding the field of conflict. However, without conflicts, it is impossible to imagine the development of an educational organization, they energize and motivate, contribute to a better understanding of problems, clarify relationships, and all this becomes possible only if conflicts are managed and constructively resolved. The urgency of the problem of conflict management in an educational organization is due to the need to prevent the occurrence of destructive conflicts, to make inevitable conflict situations constructive.
Research methods: analysis and synthesis of scientific information, research results in the field of conflict management; generalization and systematization of facts and provisions; observation of the behavior of university teachers in a conflict situation.
The article presents the functions of external and internal mechanisms for managing conflicts in an educational organization. Experimental work consisted in designing a conflict management system among the faculty of the university focused on the implementation of general management functions (planning, organization, motivation, coordination, control), consisting of interrelated elements: organizational and managerial; technological; documentation support.

Vestnik of Samara University. History, pedagogics, philology. 2019;25(1):76-81
pages 76-81 views

RESEARCH OF STUDENTS’ ATTITUDE TOWARDS STUDYING THEORY OF PROBABILITY AND MATHEMATICAL STATISTICS

Kuznetsova E.V., Fomina T.P.

Abstract

This work is part of the study of problems in the preparation of bachelors of mathematical sciences. It is well-known that the attitude of students to study, as well as the emotions that arise in the process of learning, largely determine the level of their academic achievements. The article provides an analysis of the attitude of students to the study of probabilistic sections of mathematics. The survey of a group of students majoring in «Applied Mathematics and Computer Science», as well as «Computer Science» and «Mathematics», was conducted twice. The results of the survey were studied by applying non-parametric criteria (G-sign test and Wilcoxon T-test), correlation and cluster analysis. The study showed that students’ assessments reflecting the value and emotional attitude to the study of the theory of probability are stable and representative. In addition, the cluster analysis revealed among the surveyed students the presence of two groups of approximately equal in number. The first group is who are aware of the value of probability and have positive emotions when studying the course. The second group is those who have a lesser understanding of the value of the subject and experience difficulties in learning. Detection of the problem will allow developing a system of methods aimed at the formation of a value attitude and a deeper understanding of the essence of probabilistic ideas and methods.

Vestnik of Samara University. History, pedagogics, philology. 2019;25(1):82-89
pages 82-89 views

PRINCIPLES OF SYSTEMATIZATION OF SPEECH MATERIAL WHEN TEACHING RUSSIAN AS A FOREIGN LANGUAGE

Karpenko L.B.

Abstract

The article is devoted to the problem of systematization of speech material in teaching Russian as a foreign language. The purpose of the article is to show the importance of different approaches to the description of speech means and special productivity of their systematization in communicative and pragmatic complexes the idea of which is proposed by the author. It demonstrates the specificity of goals and research programs of the most common paradigms: system-centric, functional, cognitive, communicative, pragmalinguistic. The originality of principles of systematization and description of linguistic units in different linguistic paradigms is shown on the material of means of expression of motivation. It is concluded that at present there is no one, generally accepted, universal strategy of systematization of speech means, the search is conducted by researchers from different sides: the paradigms of language means of different levels, functional and semantic fields, conceptospheres, typical speech models, communicative and pragmatic fields, communicative intentions, speech acts, dialogical unities, etc. Modern methods of teaching Russian as a foreign language is based on an integrated approach to the analysis of speech activity, assessing as a leading communicative approach and the resulting from this approach methodological principles of communicative orientation of learning. The principle of dynamic deployment of speech activity, justified by the author, involves consistent expansion and complexity of educational material, coordinated multiplication of skills and abilities of speech communication. The article traces the gradual increase in the content of speech competences at different levels of Russian as a foreign language in the State standards in this area. The idea of productivity of systematization of speech material in communicative and pragmatic complexes, which are illustrated by the example of means of expression of a number of intentions, is put forward and justified. The features of originality of Russian speech models revealed in comparison with the English and Bulgarian languages are shown.

Vestnik of Samara University. History, pedagogics, philology. 2019;25(1):90-96
pages 90-96 views

ON THE QUESTION OF THE INTERACTION OF VERBAL ASPECT WITH OTHER CATEGORIES OF THE VERB

Karpukhin S.A.

Abstract

The article, based on the two-component model of the semantic invariant of verbal aspect, covers the interpretation of two grammatical phenomena: 1) type distribution of the passive expression methods and 2) variability of expression of the direct object that accompanies some transitive verbs. Further reference to the stated problem, that was long-term and widely discussed in terms of native and foreign aspectology of the Russian language, is justified in the particular research by the novelty of the angle approach to the position of the aspect in grammatical verb system. Observations of the aspect usage in the mentioned constructions convince that meaning relationship between the aspect and varied morphological and syntactical verb categories cannot be comprehensively revealed without taking into consideration the significance of the situational component of the aspect semantic structure. Thus, perfective verbs combined with another grammatical factors replace the meaning focus from action to situation or vice versa, define the character of the direct object etc. These particular accents clearly allocate the speech aspect through reflecting the passive – reciprocal forms of imperfective verbs or passive perfective participle, e.g.: The report is being presented by the student (not is presented!) – The report has been presented (not was presented!). The first example focuses on the process of reading, the second example presents the result, that can be observed after the situation (the perception of what was heard). Conversely, the imperfective aspect, representing the action separately from the situation, emphasizes its specific meanings – existential nature of the action, its qualification etc. – according to its grammatical conditions and its own lexical semantics. It is also stated that aspect juxtaposition in grammatical and semantic contexts implements in varied proportion another fundamental property – dynamic and static of the reality fragment depicted – that is accomplished by perfective and imperfective aspects respectively.
The following semantic research of verbal aspect from the syntagmatic point of view takes into consideration the relation of the action, that was expressed through each aspect, and the situational background that would let observe new perspectives and depths of the Russian language structure.

Vestnik of Samara University. History, pedagogics, philology. 2019;25(1):96-101
pages 96-101 views

USE OF THE METAPHORICAL IMAGE «MAN (HUMAN BEING)» IN THE NOMINATION OF ROLLING STOCK IN RAILWAY JARGON

Ivanova A.B.

Abstract

The article is devoted to the analysis of mechanisms of representation of railway rolling stock in professional jargon through the metaphorical image «man (human being)». The purpose of the research is to identify the totality of lexical means of expression of this image in railway slang; to give classification of this means; to define most topical models on the basis of which images «man» and «railway transport» semantically correlate. The source of the actual material are the dictionary of railway jargon by D. Zinoviev and railway Internet forums and chats. We found 77 lexemes of different parts of speech, which from different sides directly or indirectly embody the image «man» in the nomination of rolling stock.
Elements of component, cognitive and quantitative methods were used during the research.
As a result of the analysis it was found out that almost all aspects of the image «man» are presented (to different degrees) in the representation of rolling stock: physiological, social, psychological, intellectual. The physiological aspect of the image is the most frequency, while physical activity (in particular movement) is very rare, and on the contrary, physical and anatomical traits (size/strength, structure, body parts) are more embodied. The size of the rolling stock is interpreted as growth or age (children’s age – in case of actualization of a small size) (boy, baby); elements of rolling stock – as parts of a person’s body or objects of clothing / footwear (head, eyes, shoes, boots, skirt); deviations from the normal operation/condition of the mechanism – as illness or death (deaf, sick, kill). Quite a large part of the identified lexemes gives the rolling stock a social status: nationality (American, Hakas – actualize place of production or route), professional functions (prosecutor), family relationship (the mother-in-law). Psychological and mental aspects of the image are the least productive (merry train, tricky train; clever Masha).

Vestnik of Samara University. History, pedagogics, philology. 2019;25(1):102-112
pages 102-112 views

FEATURES OF THE CREOLIZED ADVERTISING TEXT FUNCTIONING (ON THE EXAMPLE OF PRE-REVOLUTIONARY AND SOVIET NEWSPAPERS)

Zaripova V.M.

Abstract

The article deals with the texts of advertisements of the pre-revolutionary and Soviet periods, reveals the methods of creolization of advertising messages in the diachronic aspect. The analysis of newspaper ads of commercial advertising, in the center of which-a wide range of services is carried out. The means of pragmatic setting realizations of different types products representation in advertising of the corresponding periods are determined. Our aim was to describe the dynamics of using various ways of creolization in Russian and Soviet advertising. We examined the corpus of newspaper advertisements of pre-revolution of 1917 and Soviet periods. Firstly, we analyzed the correlation between verbal and non-verbal components in the advertisements. Secondly, we investigated expressive means of both verbal and non-verbal signs. Finally, conclusions were drawn on the impact of creolization in creating persuasive advertisements.
Features of both verbal and non-verbal elements of advertising texts of the declared time periods are noted. The specificity of non-verbal parts of creolized advertising texts is revealed. Their schematic or detailed elaboration is revealed. The lexical, morphological and syntactic components of advertising creolized texts verbal components are fixed.
The degree of coherence between verbal and non-verbal components in the advertising text and the degree of their to the way advertising functioning in the newspapers is established. The impact mechanism’s of the creolized text components on the readership are considered. The impact of the choice of the poetic or prosaic advertising text on potential buyers is noted.
Text sources of advertisements published in the pre-revolutionary «Samara newspaper» and the Soviet newspaper «Izvestia» as sources of material were used.
A complete repetition of the text by the image is typical for the newspaper advertising texts of the pre-revolutionary period. The using of two models of creolization was noted in newspaper advertising of the 20–30s of the XX century. The use of poetic advertising texts in Soviet newspapers of the period was noted. The specifics of non-verbal parts of creolized advertising texts are revealed. The schematic image in the pre-revolutionary period. The detailed image study in the Soviet is noted.

Vestnik of Samara University. History, pedagogics, philology. 2019;25(1):113-120
pages 113-120 views

EFFECT OF THE DIALECTS OF THE CROATIAN LANGUAGE ON THE DEVELOPMENT OF THE RUSSIAN ACCENT

Hadžihalilović S.S.

Abstract

This paper analyzes the process of mastering the Russian language by students with a Croatian native language, taking into account the three dialects (dialects) of the Croatian language: Chakava, Kaikava, and Stockava, whose speakers are these students. At the first level of study (A1–A2), the Russian language is not equally absorbed by those who speak these dialects. The results of the study show which language levels of study (phonological, morphological, lexical) students are most helped by the local language in comparison with the standard Croatian language. The corpus of the study is vocabulary, which students of the Russian language and literature in the University of Zadar learn in their first year, since the study of the Russian language in Croatian universities begins from scratch. The results show that the Chakav and Kaikaw dialects have a positive effect on the study of the Russian language, in contrast to the standard language, which had a negative impact.

Vestnik of Samara University. History, pedagogics, philology. 2019;25(1):121-125
pages 121-125 views

SEMANTIC PROCESSES IN THE STRUCTURE OF ENGLISH POLYSEMANTIC VERBS WITH EMOTIVE AND EVALUATIVE LEXICO-SEMANTIC VARIANTS

Arlanova T.L.

Abstract

The article deals with semantic structure of polysemantic verbs of present-day English. Polysemantic English verbs having evaluative lexico-semantic variants of meaning are analyzed in the article. It is underlined that lexico-semantic variants of meaning of a polysemantic English verb are joined in its structure with a common dominating semantic component; semantic variants with emotive and evaluative meaning play a significant role in the semantic structure of a polysemantic verb. It is stressed that the semantic variant of verb meaning with a certain evaluative content possesses an independent linguistic status and simultaneously plays an important role in the development of pragmatic meaning of a polysemantic verb.
Emotive and evaluative components of meaning of the English verb were defined by means of linguistic definition analysis of meanings on the basis of definitions in the Longman Dictionary of Contemporary English. The New English-Russian Dictionary edited by professor I.R. Galperin served as material for analysis in our research. Polysemantic English verbs have a great number of lexico-semantic variants of meaning including semantic variants implying evaluation of actions denoted by the verb. Ways of forming these meanings are analyzed in the article, the main ways of forming evaluative meanings of the English verb are considered to be semantic transfer. The most widespread type of semantic transfer of the English verb is change of the subject of the action denoted by the verb from an inanimate object to an animate person. Metaphoric transfer of meaning from denotation of a physical action towards a psychic one is also widespread among English polysemantic verbs. Further development of evaluative meaning of the English verb may be based on transfer of denotation of a concrete action towards an abstract one, simultaneously a referent is evaluated and this evaluation is absolute according to its type. New lexico-semantic variants may be added to the semantic structure of a polysemantic English verb as a result of linguistic process of enantiosemy, i.e. juxtaposition of evaluative meanings of opposite evaluative sign.

Vestnik of Samara University. History, pedagogics, philology. 2019;25(1):126-131
pages 126-131 views

DIALOGICS OF A SCIENTIFIC TEXT IN ENGLISH

Akaeva E.V., Vinokurova T.N.

Abstract

Communication in social and professional strata is the subject of close attention of linguists.. Scientific medical text is the result of the author’s speech-making activity, which is represented .by means of a certain choice of language means.. The scientific text is dialogical in nature. Language means of explication of external dialogicality in the scientific text are: «we»-forms, questions, question-answer unity, verbs of opinion. Such texts are characterized by such characteristics as consistency of presentation, persuasiveness, reasonableness, conciseness of form and accuracy of knowledge, lack of redundancy in the use of language tools. In addition, scientific texts are expressive.

Vestnik of Samara University. History, pedagogics, philology. 2019;25(1):132-135
pages 132-135 views

COMMUNICATIVE STRATEGIES OF APPRECIATION LETTERS SENT TO AMERICAN VOLUNTEERS AND THEIR LINGUISTIC MANIFESTATION

Zhevachevskaya K.I.

Abstract

The article is devoted to the study of communicative strategies that are used in the texts of appreciation letters sent to volunteers and their linguistic manifestation in American English. The material for the research is borrowed from the websites of various American volunteer organizations.
The following methods are used in the research: the descriptive method including classification, systematization and generalization, and that of contextual analysis. The author singles out linguistic tactics used by representatives of volunteer centers to achieve the communicative aim.
The article shows that the main linguistic tactic in this type of business correspondence is that of appreciation, which is realized with the help of the verb “to thank” and other cognate words. Moreover, a number of additional communicative aims, strategies and linguistic expressions are identified.

Vestnik of Samara University. History, pedagogics, philology. 2019;25(1):136-141
pages 136-141 views

LINGUISTIC MEANS OF ECONOMY IN THE ENGLISH DRAMATIC DISCOURSE

Samboruk L.A.

Abstract

Some universal tends and trends in the sphere of linguistic economy at the lexical level are considered in the present article based on everyday communication contexts within the stylized colloquial fragments from modern English drama discourse.
Moreover discursive markers providing the adequate interpretation of linguistic economy means and ways are discussed in view of the vital necessity to communicate effectively with minimum of speech efforts in the epoch of globalization.
The purpose of this work was to identify the language characteristics and composition of the economical linguistic means of the English language in everyday communication, as well as to describe their role in the analyzed type of English discourse. Detailed study of the principle of linguistic economy was made on the material of contemporary English and American playwrights of the end of ХХ – the beginning of XXI centuries. The methods of linguistic description, structural-syntactic and semantic-syntactic analysis are used in the article.
During the research the following overall findings are revealed: the compression in the modern English language is a highly efficient mean of linguistic economy. At the syntactical level of the linguistic system the concept of economy is implemented in ellipsis, as well as secondary predicative constructions. At the phonetic level, the principle of linguistic economy is reflected in such factors as assimilation, adaptation, qualitative and quantitative reduction. At the morphological level-in the survey. At the syntactical level (the phrase level) the linguistic economy is expressed in abbreviation. The research materials provide a wide field for further investigation on the linguistic economy in constantly changing everyday communication.

Vestnik of Samara University. History, pedagogics, philology. 2019;25(1):142-147
pages 142-147 views

LAUGHTER WORD AS A MEANS Of DEMYTHOLOGIZATION IN THE NOVELS BY THOMAS BRUSSIG

Kuchumova G.V., Barabanova N.V.

Abstract

The historical events of the last decades of the twentieth century in Germany, the collapse of the Communist ideology and the «great narratives» and the new postmodern artistic practice radically change the nature of the «laughter word» (M. Bachtin) and its existence. In postmodern literature the «laughter word» loses its drama and bitterness, it now lives in the bright element of language games.
The purpose of this study is to consider the potential of the «laughter word» in the new historical and aesthetic circumstances, its functions and active participation in the procedures of deconstruction of ideological constructions of socialism in the GDR on the base of the postmodern projects by German writer Thomas Brussig.
In T. Brussig’s novels the «laughter word» is used as a universal means of destruction of the ideological content of the myths of socialism (demythologization).
In the anecdotal stories of the novel «Am kьrzeren Ende der Sonnenallee» the «laughter word» is considered in funny language games: caricature, the «laughter gesture», «black humor», playing with contexts, deliberately misuse of words, excessive use of Communist rhetoric.
In the novel «Helden wie wir» the connective of the «laughter word» and «laughter gesture» is included in the postmodern language game «on the decline»: parody, grotesque, occasionalism, euphemisms, game element names, sexual perversion. It also points to the visual using of the «laughter word»: a game with graphic writing, the use of italics and breakdown in words.
The ambivalence of the «laughter word» is emphasized to destroy old myths and create new ones.
A linguistic method of interpretation and the method of intertextual analysis is used.
In this the study the conclusions about the importance of the «laughter word» in the procedures of demythologization and in the language games «on the decline» are made.

Vestnik of Samara University. History, pedagogics, philology. 2019;25(1):148-154
pages 148-154 views

PRECEDENT NAMES IN A LITERARY DISCOURSE (BASED ON THE ANALYSIS OF THE NOVEL «TSCHICK» BY WOLFGANG HERRENDORF)

Blinova Y.A.

Abstract

The article is dedicated to the analysis of culturally important precedent names in the onomastic field of the novel, its structure, and function of precedent names in a literary discourse based on the novel «Tschick» by Woflgang Herrendorf. Focus of attention is on precedent names that are vehicles for the next-level language nomination. A set of the precedent names of the novel is comprised by 4 categories of proper names: anthroponyms, toponyms, chrononyms, and artefacts (such as novel titles, names of movies, songs, bands, piece of music, video games and football clubs). Precedent names reach their figurative potential in the literary discourse by metaphorization, metonimization and comparison. Precedent anthroponyms act as a metaphor, antonomasia, metonimia, and as a benchmark in comparative forms. In contrast to literary names, precedent names don’t contribute to the plot building and don’t impact the plot development; however, they give the novel some additional imagery, create a vertical context of a literary work and open an inner world of novel’s characters to the readers.

Vestnik of Samara University. History, pedagogics, philology. 2019;25(1):155-160
pages 155-160 views

WHY AUTOMATIC TRANSLATION IS HARMFUL FOR LANGUAGE, THINKING AND STABILITY OF GEOPOLITICAL CODE

Petrova O.V.

Abstract

The article discusses the problem of computer-translated texts being widely used by mass media. Because of editors’ striving for cost and time efficiency a lot of unedited or superficially edited machine-translated texts are published today. As a result people get accustomed to reading texts that violate basic rules of composition and textuality, so they stop feeling that such texts deviate from the norm and perceive them as regular. In this way a new usage is being gradually formed, contradicting standard norms of Russian grammar and combinability. This new usage leads to the erosion of the very notion of text as a structural and semantic whole. The absence of such basic categories as cohesion, coherence, logical and structural completeness gives the general readers the impression that a text is just an arbitrary collection of sentences united only by a common topical area. The article describes the destructive effect of these processes upon the mentality of native speakers, shows how they hamper the formation of a consistent conceptual and linguistic world-image. Since a nationally specific world-image is a basis of national culture, its erosion affects the stability of the national geopolitical code, of which the national language is an integral part. Therefore, linguistic safety of the country is directly involved. That is why it is necessary to specify the requirements to any translated text, irrespective of the way in which the translation was made, for it to be acceptable for mass publication either on-line or in press. It is necessary to develop and introduce a quality standard.

Vestnik of Samara University. History, pedagogics, philology. 2019;25(1):161-167
pages 161-167 views

DISCURSIVE REPRESENTATION OF MIGRANTS, REFUGEES AND ASYLUM SEEKERS IN BRITISH NEWS SOURCES

Matytsina M.S.

Abstract

The article examines the features of the discourse representation of migrants, refugees and asylum-seekers on the eve of the 2016 EU referendum in the context of critical discourse analysis on the material of the leading British editions the Daily Mail and the Guardian, identifies the main discourse topics using categories forming a discursive view of migrants, refugees and asylum-seekers in news reports of British conservative and liberal press. Within the framework of critical discourse analysis discourse is considered as a form of social interaction, where the power, exercising its dominance in the society, forms negative images of “the  others” as the representatives of other races, ethnic groups and cultures. The relevance of such study is due to the growing scientific interest in the discourse of migrants, refugees and asylum-seekers, which is a form of social practice, since the discourse under consideration has a socially structured order and is subject to rules and norms associated with certain social institutions that use massmedia discourse as a direct tool to influence society. No crucial differences in the representation of migrants, refugees and asylum seekers by British conservative and liberal news sources were discovered, although the study showed that the right-center the Daily Mail represents migrants, refugees and asylum seekers a little bit more negatively than the center-left the Guardian. Country of origin, number, entry, place of residence, compliance with laws, plight and help are the categories that form the basis of the discursive representation of migrants, refugees and asylum seekers during the specified time period.

Vestnik of Samara University. History, pedagogics, philology. 2019;25(1):168-174
pages 168-174 views

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