Vol 24, No 1 (2018)

Full Issue

TANK CONSTRUCTION AND «SABOTEURS»: ATTEMPTS TO CREATE IN THE USSR SOVIET TANK PRODUCTION IN THE LATE 1920-IES

Kondrashin V.V., Kornilov G.E., Melnikov N.N., Mozokhin O.B.

Abstract

In the article the analysis of the process of formation of a domestic tank industry and the fight against «sabotage» in the late 1920s-ies is carried out. Soviet industry was trying to establish the production of tanks in military factories in Leningrad, Stalingrad, Motovilikha and Kharkov. But all attempts to establish their own tank production were not wealthy. It forced to buy foreign equipment. In late 1929, the USSR began to buy foreign tanks to create its own serial production. The government was looking for reasons for the failure of the Red Army rearmament program. There is a criminal case where the main defendants were «a group of former generals and colonels of the tsarist army» headed by assistant chief of the main military-industrial management USSR Mikhailov. In total, the case was more than 90 people, most of them were engineers. In 1929, Mikhailov and four people were sentenced to death, the rest received a prison sentence. The article shows that the development of criminal case and subsequent events changed the career of two leaders of the military industry of the Secular Union. Tolokontsev headed the military-industrial management until the completion of the investigation. Then he lost his job, but he wasn’t convicted. Pavlovski was a representative of the worker-peasant inspection, and an active participant in the criminal trial of engineers from the investigation. He subsequently took over the leadership of the entire Soviet military industry.

Vestnik of Samara University. History, pedagogics, philology. 2018;24(1):7-11
pages 7-11 views

CHUVASH IN THE SETTLEMENT AND AGRICULTURAL DEVELOPMENT OF THE SAMARA TRANSVOLGA REGION FROM THE END OF THE XVII CENTURY UNTIL THE BEGINNING OF 1760-IES

Smirnov Y.N.

Abstract

The article is devoted to the participation of the Chuvash in the development of newly incorporated lands in the southeast of European Russia at the end of the 17th – 18th centuries. The share of the Chuvash settlers among all arrivals to these lands in separate periods of time is calculated. It was particularly noticeable and remained the largest among all ethnic groups at the very beginning of the Transvolga settlement. Areas of their exit are determined. The counties on the right bank of the Middle Volga region and in the Trans-Kama region which were the administrative parts of the Simbirsk, Samara, and Kazan districts became the most notable in terms of the number of settlers from them. The overwhelming majority of the Chuvash peasant migrants belonged to the category of state peasants. They were an important component of a stream of free colonization of the Russian outlying areas. Among the migrants from the state peasants, those who came to the new lands voluntarily prevailed. Among the serfs, resettled here by their owners, there were not Chuvashes. The participation of the Chuvash in the settlement of the Samara Region at the end of the XVII–XVIII centuries, as shown in the article, was of great importance for the fairly rapid and successful development of it at the initial stage. Their participation in many ways determined the ethnic and class composition of the inhabitants, the location and the infrastructure of settlements, created the prerequisites for the development of the resettlement movement in the subsequent time. Thanks to the agricultural settled settlement by the Chuvash people and the representatives of other peoples of Russia, during the development of the Forest-steppe and Steppe Transvolga region, in the 19th century it has become one of the leading agrarian regions of the country, actively included in the domestic and foreign markets.

Vestnik of Samara University. History, pedagogics, philology. 2018;24(1):12-17
pages 12-17 views

«PREACHING BY TOLSTOY»: IMAGE OF L.N. TOLSTOY IN ART ENVIRONMENT OF HIS TIME (ON THE PROBLEM OF HISTORICAL MEMORY)

Purygin A.E.

Abstract

The article deals with the image of Leo Tolstoy which was created in historical memory of Russian people. Not only the personality of the great Russian writer, but the memory about him which lives in the minds of art people and has been reflected in art, sculpture, connected with Leo Tolstoy and his creative work, polysemantics of different interpretations and completion of the image on behalf of readers and viewers is the subject of an analysis. The image of Tolstoy and his creative work is considered and the ways they reflect collective identity of society which changes in different historic epoch and its influence on it. Three artists of the era of Russian realism of the second half of the XIX century create portraits of the great writer, which became, in fact, his iconography: I.E. Repin, N.N. Ge and I.N. Kramskoy. Personality of L.N. Tolstoy appears in portraits not only as an outstanding contemporary of artists, but also as a quintessence of the aesthetic system of realism: «beautiful is life itself». Therefore, the image of L.N. Tolstoy is laid in the cultural memory also as part of the discourse of man of the age of realism. Artists who created the image of L.N. Tolstoy, thus, turned out to be the creators of the cultural hero, the visual symbol of national culture. But all three discussed artists appeared to be «captured» by their own «demons»: the understanding of the role and purpose of art and the influence on them of the doctrine by L.N. Tolstoy. As a result, the national hero is endowed with subjective traits of artistic reflection of the authors. And with these subjective features, he goes on a further «journey» through cultural memory, synthesizing the stereotypical and individual, thereby distancing the symbol from reality.

Vestnik of Samara University. History, pedagogics, philology. 2018;24(1):18-22
pages 18-22 views

GOVERNORS AND NOBILITY AT THE BEGINNING OF THE XX CENTURY: COOPERATION AND CONFLICTS

Barinova E.P.

Abstract

In the article contradictions between particularism of nobility on places and centralization aspirations of crown administration are considered. Ways of interaction of the governor with representatives of noble corporation come to light, the reasons of confrontation and negative estimates of identity of governors become clear. It is noted that despite pro-noble orientation and activity, the governor was often negatively estimated by the nobility as the representative of bureaucracy, the official alien to the interests of the province and corporation. It is shown that existence of dissociation between the power and society at the local level, distancing of the governor from local problems and conflicts with representatives of noble corporation promoted increase of estrangement and aggravated political situation in provinces. In this regard the nobility has acted as the opponent of the government project of provincial reform. For the characteristic of relationship of the power and society the structural functional analysis is used. In the article it is noted that events of the first Russian revolution became serious check on durability of the governor’s case, have shown the insufficient level of competence, organizing abilities and the authority of governors for the decision of political conflicts. The oppositional nature of I and II State Dumas has partially been connected with the fact that local authorities haven’t managed to realize government interests during the electoral companies. At the same time the motivation of actions of representatives of noble corporation believing that they have a priority in assessment of features of life of the Russian province comes to light. The comparative method has allowed to reveal general and special in estimates of representatives of the governor’s case. The case of historical sources is presented by memoirs of governors which analysis has allowed to explain administrative decisions of the author in difficult historical conditions. In the article scientific and significant tasks in which the specifics of relationship between representatives of the crown power – governors and bodies of noble class self-government – leaders of the nobility at the beginning of the XX century are considered are set and solved.

Vestnik of Samara University. History, pedagogics, philology. 2018;24(1):23-31
pages 23-31 views

WAYS OF OVERCOMING NATIONAL CRISIS OF 1917 IN THE VOLGA REGION

Kabytova N.N.

Abstract

In the article ways of overcoming national crisis of 1917 are considered, ways of relationship between the power and society in the Russian province are shown. Public political associations during the Great Russian revolution fought for the power mainly in the bepartiyny country. In this regard the mechanism of impact of political forces on «revolutionary streams» is considered. Methods of establishment of Soviet local authorities which were used by Bolsheviks are at the same time reconsidered. In this regard become clear the confrontation reason, and then and crisis in the democratic camp on the eve of October, 1917, questions of tactics in race for power of various political parties and associations are considered. Revolutionary explosion is followed by localization of organizational actions in the general direction of the movement. In this regard, it is expedient to consider him by the comparative and comparative analysis between the center and the province on the one hand, and with another – between certain provinces in a certain region. The Volga region was a peculiar example of Russian provincial mentality where all collisions between the people and the power have found the expression. Peculiar features of manifestation of system crisis caused by attempts of modernization of Russia on the western sample are shown in the article and predefiniteness of the Soviet choice is proved. For the characteristic of institutional collisions functional and structural analysis is used. At the same time the motivation of actions of compact social groups, political parties, public organizations comes to light. The comparative and comparative method allows to reveal the general and special in the development of revolution. The case of historical sources is presented by documents of funds of provincial commissioners of Provisional government, city structures of public management and some materials of periodicals. In the article scientific and significant tasks in which ways and methods of influence of social and political forces on forms of state construction in the conditions of revolution are considered are set and solved.
Vestnik of Samara University. History, pedagogics, philology. 2018;24(1):32-38
pages 32-38 views

ON ACHIEVEMENTS AND PROBLEMS OF MODERN DOMESTIC HISTORIOGRAPHY OF PEASANT RELIANCE MOVEMENT IN RUSSIA IN THE YEARS OF THE CIVIL WAR

Kondrashin V.V.

Abstract

The article analyzes the achievements and problems in the field of studying by Russian researchers of the history of peasant rebel movement in Russia during the Civil War.
The focus is research projects on the history of peasant movement in Russia during the Civil War of the Saratov historian A.V. Posadsky, who managed to combine historians from different regions to write three collective monographs on the subject.
The article describes the works of the project of the Russian Foundation for Basic Research «The Russian Peasantry in the Age of Revolutions and Civil War: Regional-National Aspect». They are prepared for publication by a team of regional historians under the leadership of V.A. Yurchenkova and V.V. Kondrashin. The author of the article concludes about the scientific significance of this project and the need for further study of the problem at the regional level.
Particular attention is paid in the article to the reflection in the publications of Russian historians of the terminology of peasant rebel movement during the Civil War. What was it: «The Great Peasant War», «peasant front», «peasant revolution»? Is it possible to use such definitions as «guerrilla movement», «partisan struggle» etc. during the analysis of the insurgent movement of peasants during this period?
The article analyzes the publications of contemporary Russian historians about the leaders of peasant rebel movement in Russia during the Civil War, points out the need for further study by researchers of such aspects of the problem as the influence on peasant uprisings of the party of Socialist-Revolutionaries and white regimes.
The author highlights the work of Russian researchers on the importance of natural and demographic factor in peasant performances in the Russian regions during the Civil War against the policy of Soviet government.
Vestnik of Samara University. History, pedagogics, philology. 2018;24(1):39-45
pages 39-45 views

«POVILAITIS’ CASE» AND THE CRISIS OF THE SOVIET-LITHUANIAN RELATIONS IN MAY-JUNE, 1940

Dyukov A.R.

Abstract

This article is based on the diplomatic documents from Lithuanian, Latvian and Russian archives. It is conserned with the critical moment of relations between Soviet Union and Lithuania in May-June, 1940 and the resulting changments of the Lithuanian government. It was a background for the further including of Lithuania in USSR as a republic. The article emphazises the charges exposed by the Soviet party concerning the Lithuanian secret agencies and personally the director of the Department of State Security (VSD) of Lithuania A. Povilaytis, as well as the reaction of the Lithuanian officials to it.
In the spring of 1940 the possibility of transition of Lithuania to the German sphere of influence was considered by the Kremlin as real threat to the security of the Soviet Union. While Germany has been busy fighting in the West, this threat remained eventual; however rapid victory of Germany in May, 1940 has cardinally changed a situation. The situation was aggravated with the fact that in February, 1940 the director of VSD A. Povilaytis visited Berlin where he met the high-ranking employees of RSHA and upon the request of the president A. Smetona probed a question of possible establishment of the German protectorate over Lithuania. Thanks to the activity of the Soviet investigation intelligence on this visit became soon known to the Kremlin.
Under these circumstances Povilaytis’s figure gained huge political value. As the sondage of a possibility of establishment of the German protectorate was carried out through him, that was essentially important for Moscow to see Povilaytis behind the bars. This arrest would at the same time be both the true evidence of loyalty of the Lithuanian authorities, and the end of the cooperation between intelligence agencies of Germany and Lithuania. Due to this reason the Soviet side tried to obtain Povilaytis’s arrest with that much of an effort. However the Kremlin couldn’t show direct charges to Povilaytis in contacts with Germans, because it would mean the declassification of the most valuable agent of the Soviet intelligence.
Vestnik of Samara University. History, pedagogics, philology. 2018;24(1):46-53
pages 46-53 views

JOB ANALYSIS OF THE ACTIVITY OF SPECIALISTS OF ELECTRICITY SUPPLY ON RAILWAY TRANSPORT

Belov D.O.

Abstract

The success of the evolution of a specialist in a rapidly changing professional world depends on the level of integration of the content and structure of vocational education with the prospects for the development of industry.
The article presents the results of a pilot study of the professional profile of specialists in the field of power supply of railways; shows the importance of social and personal qualities for a professional activity (sensory-perceptual, psychomotor, mental); specifies the factors that affect the professional health of a specialist and the dynamics of his work capacity; the problem of formation of psychophysical reliability of specialists in the electric power supply industry on the railway transport is caused by the high level of industrial traumatism and violations of the production technology in transport, the sharp increase in professionally conditioned diseases among transport workers due to the complex impact of unfavorable factors of the production environment and the labor process. With the help of expert assessments are ranked by the level of importance of professionally important quality in three groups: senior executives; middle managers; technical workers. The necessity of general, static, strength endurance of the basic muscle groups, dexterity (coordination abilities), good sensorimotor reaction, high level of functional resistance of the organism to negative influences of the production environment is proved.
Vestnik of Samara University. History, pedagogics, philology. 2018;24(1):54-58
pages 54-58 views

PECULIARITIES OF FOREIGN ELT COURSES USAGE IN THE PROCESS OF FILOLOGICAL STUDENTS COMMUNICATIVE COMPETENCE DEVELOPMENT

Kozyreva M.P.

Abstract

The purpose of this article is to prove foreign ELT courses necessity in the process of communicative competence development, which is significant for integration of Russia into the global cultural and educational environment. On the basis of theoretical and methodological research works the author proves the effectiveness of foreign ELT courses usage in the foreign language teaching process as they motivate students to learn modern language, provide them with authentic texts on social topics of current interest while various communicative assignments (discussions, projects, dialogues) contribute to realizing of «language personality» role in the process of cross-cultural communication. The peculiarities of linguistic, sociolinguistic, strategy, discourse and sociocultural competences development on the basis of ELT course «Global» are considered; the advantages and disadvantages of ELT process on the basis of this course are revealed; suggestions on the improvement of communicative competence development are offered. The choice of up to date topics for studying and discussion; the structure of units based on juxtaposition, which develops critical thinking; various exercises and assignments directed to all kinds of communicative skills development; grammar sections logically included into the unit context; ELT teaching on the basis of sociocultural approach contributing to culture dialogue are considered to be the advantages of «Global» course. Special attention is paid to numerous listening comprehension and video assignments as they provide students with useful information, help them to understand native speakers, choose appropriate language means and use them properly in their own speech according to the communicative situation. The disadvantages are also singled out: insufficient number of grammar exercises for better skills development, necessity of translation assignments addition, lack of information about Russia, its reality, culture, traditions, customs, Russian mentality and therefore importance of including useful facts about Russia into the course which is necessary for successful cross-cultural communication.

Vestnik of Samara University. History, pedagogics, philology. 2018;24(1):59-63
pages 59-63 views

PROFESSIONAL STANDARDS AND ISSUES OF CONSTRUCTION OF A SUCCESSFUL CAREER: POINTS OF CONTRACTION

Pecherskaya E.P., Tarasova T.M.

Abstract

This article is devoted to the introduction of professional standards, the requirements for the competencies of modern leaders, as well as the study of the motives, incentives and obstacles encountered in the path of successful career development. The materials of the interview and the results of the questionnaire allowed us to assess the impact of professional education on the success of building a career and propose recommendations that should be further guided in the modern world. The main motives for building a career for men and women are mostly the same. However, men build their careers for self-fulfillment and to justify the expectations of others. Women who have successfully realized themselves in their careers, are still an exception to the rules, although they are very rational with targeted career growth. The results of the research showed that financial well-being is often not the root cause of career growth, but only a supplement to the formal recognition of employee achievements. The EU countries have accumulated positive experience of the interconnection of business and education based on the introduction of national systems of professional qualifications, which allowed European universities not only to significantly develop their human resources, but also to respond quickly to the ever-changing demands of the business community in the new conditions of the digital economy. Studying the experience of the leading European universities and further networking will allow using the accumulated potential to promote national systems of professional qualifications, transform it taking into account national peculiarities and priorities, accomplish the tasks in the shortest possible time, and increase the sustainable readiness of business, the social environment and universities for systemic interaction.
Vestnik of Samara University. History, pedagogics, philology. 2018;24(1):64-69
pages 64-69 views

MODEL OF ADAPTIVE SYSTEM OF VOCATIONAL TRAINING FОR AGRO-ENGINEERS

Berishvili O.N.

Abstract

The article presents conceptual and theoretical approaches to designing an adaptive system of vocational training for agro-engineers - a variety of pedagogical systems, the source of which is due to the contradiction between the required and current agro-engineering vocational training. Thus, under modern conditions, the agro-engineer becomes the subject who resolves complex processes of agricultural modernization during adaptation to the environment and adapts himself to the operating conditions.The content and means of vocational training should allow the achievement of a complex of competencies, the ability to form emotionally significant relationships and adaptive functioning, which determines the target aspect of the projected adaptive system.The information and technological aspect, conditioned by the informatization of modern society, reflects the adaptive mechanisms of the agro-engineer to the information and technical environment of future professional activity.In a situation of rapid changes, the main new formation of an adapted person is the ability to self-change, the development of which is supported by a knowledge system that based on an integrative approach to its construction.Within the framework of the adaptive system of vocational training, the content aspect includes the selection of training material aimed on the formation of specialist’s competence through the integration and interdisciplinary synthesis. The axiological aspect associated with the compliance of objective and subjective value systems of an agro-engineer ensures the successful implementation of professional activity in accordance with its specifics. The study showed that the implementation of targeted, content, information and technological, axiological aspects of adaptive vocational training system contributes to the achievement of the cumulative effect in the form of adaptive potential necessary for the integration of students into professional activity.
Vestnik of Samara University. History, pedagogics, philology. 2018;24(1):70-74
pages 70-74 views

TRAINING AND COGNITIVE ACTIVITY OF STUDENTS OF HIGHER EDUCATION ON THE INTERNET MEDIUM

Ivanushkina N.V.

Abstract

The article evaluates the effective use of media in education, emphasizes their role for modern social development in general. The relevance of the topic is not only for higher education, but also for general secondary vocational education. It is pointed out that the use of sites, social networks, messaging services promotes accessibility, openness, mobility, interactivity when organizing work with students. In this regard, the creation of such favorable conditions and the provision of a wide range of opportunities orient students to receive, process and use information to the extent necessary for their self-development, self-education and self-improvement. It is noted that this is facilitated by the organization of educational and cognitive activities of students in the Internet environment in the framework of academic disciplines.
The article presents an analysis of studies devoted to the study of the essence of the concept of «educational and cognitive activity» of students. The specifics of its organization in a specially created environment - on the Internet, as well as the similarity of the term with the term «educational activity», are noted, but they are not synonymous. It is suggested to consider educational and cognitive activity not only as a process of conscious, goal-oriented, self-directed activity of the student in solving educational and cognitive tasks, but also as the subject’s activity in certain conditions.
The article also analyzes the concepts of «reflection» and «self-esteem» as components of educational and cognitive activity of university students, and also determines the level of their formation among students as a result of their work with media resources within the framework of the training course «Psychology and Pedagogy.»
Vestnik of Samara University. History, pedagogics, philology. 2018;24(1):75-80
pages 75-80 views

SOCIO-ECONOMICAL ASPECTS OF WOMEN’S ILLITERACY CAMPAIGN IN THE USSR IN THE 1920–1930

Petrova Y.I.

Abstract

The article considers the gender aspects of the illiteracy campaign in the USSR in the 1920-ies-1930-ies from the point of view of their significance in the general course of revolutionary transformations in the country. The research objective is to analyze the economic, social and political factors of women’s illiteracy campaign. The research tasks are to analyze the content and social orientation of the policy of illiteracy campaign, to identify the mechanisms for its implementation, and objectively assess the actual results. The work is based on the empirical material of the documents of archival funds, on the works of state leaders and public figures who led the process of illiteracy campaign, based on the legislative sources, on the collections of documents and materials, on the statistical collections, on the periodical press materials. In the analysis of sources, historical and pedagogical research methods were used: theoretical interdisciplinary analysis and synthesis, comparative historiographic analysis, comparative-historical, historical-typological, historical-genetic methods and general scientific methods of systemic and structural-functional analysis. As a result of the research the specifics of women’s illiteracy campaign was revealed, which consisted in a greater specific weight of an individual form of education, overcoming social and psychological barriers to education, special measures of social support for female students, and organizational help in solving social and household problems. The role of women’s movement as an important factor in the process of literacy of the female population of the country is shown in the article. The novelty and significance of research are determined by the introduction of factual material into the scientific circulation and by researching the problem objective and free from ideological attitudes characteristic of previous approaches.
Vestnik of Samara University. History, pedagogics, philology. 2018;24(1):81-87
pages 81-87 views

ANTHROPOLOGICAL CONCEPT OF LATE F.M. DOSTOEVSKY AND THE NOVEL «THE BROTHERS KARAMAZOV» IN THE ESTIMATION OF N.O. LOSSKY (ON THE ISSUE OF THE ULTIMATE GOAL OF BEING)

Almakaeva I.A.

Abstract

The article is devoted to the problem of anthropological presentation of late F.M. Dostoevsky. The consonance of provisions of theonomous ethics of N.O. Lossky and the Orthodox conception of man in F.M. Dostoyevsky’s novel «The Brothers Karamazov» is traced, the question of ultimate goal of being is posed, the antinomy of the being of man in the striving for the absolute is shown, expressed in that he himself is the carrier of two ethical poles – both evil and good, he can strive for the absolute and at the same time hate it.
For the understanding of the concept and imagery of the novel «The Brothers Karamazov» the conclusions that are made on the basis of this ethical system N.O. Lossky are most important: the creature of such a demonic way in principle can’t exist because even it is created by the God the Creator, thereby his hatred to the God and all that is created must become hatred to itself as a part of the created. In all the created beings, the ultimate completeness of life is the ultimate ideal. The struggle against the Creator and the evil brought into the world as a result of this is only a consequence of pride. The one who enters this path is trapped in contradictions, which lead to disappointments and tragedies. Inevitably, the return to the path of good is even the most important carrier of evil, the philosopher concludes. In Christian ethics such complex of ideas is defined as apokatastasis. Hence follows the conclusion about the impossibility of ultimate accession of absolute evil.
The solution of the human problem not only in the real, but also in the metaphysical plan is determined through the figurative system of the novel. The writer’s conclusions are constructive. On this path the heroes of Dostoevsky achieve certain, albeit different, results. The possibility of victory along this path is confirmed by the example of the Holy men and Saints, to which N.O. Lossky refers.
Vestnik of Samara University. History, pedagogics, philology. 2018;24(1):88-92
pages 88-92 views

«AUTOPOIESIS» AND COGNITION: ON THE PROBLEM OF CONSTRUCTION OF THE «NEW INTEGRITY»

Nechaeva E.A.

Abstract

The article deals with the  problem of poiesis in the art of the second half of the XX century, as well as the problem of finding means for conceptualization and describing «a new integrity» the construction of which is conceived by Moscow conceptualists as a function through art. It is not about re-creation «(mimesis), but about» creating «a new (poiesis)» structure of the experience of the subject of aesthetic activity. It is this feature of the vision of the aesthetic act, consistently formalized since the beginning of the twentieth Century, is reflected in The works of D. Prigov. The concept of autopoiesis — given the lack of scientific instrumentation for such type of creativity — can help this is a new vision to conceptualize and describe. Two paradigms of constructing an art works are compared in the aspect of the type of its subject: «classical» (traditional) and post-nonclassical;   the «traditional artist» who prefer  «confessional» forms and discursive models, aims to «authenticity», to the expression of his own a priori unique experience of the  unique personality. The artist  who  works in a  post-nonclassical type of aesthetics, on the contrary, aims to work with a self-destructive personality. The stage in this process is the «artist-character», considered as a simulation of the author’s personality, which makes it possible to present in the works  the  integrative, integral  identity, which is the opposite of  the  author’s personality. The experience that is explicated in the  particular work  is considered within   post-non-classical aesthetics not as a direct experience of the «I» (mimesis), but as a result of analyzing the structure of experience and, as a consequence, creating a new («poiesis») structure of experience. An artistic work in this cast is the act of  an identification  of the discursive mechanism or the   mechanism of transgression, which is more important,  and the explication of this mechanism in the  text as a result of this work. The impossibility of finding «identitas» is compensated by the permissibility of its construction as the «Me as the Significant  Other». it is the poetics of the game in the area  between the «Me» and the «not-Me».
Vestnik of Samara University. History, pedagogics, philology. 2018;24(1):93-98
pages 93-98 views

LIMINALITY EFFECT AND THE VERSE: ENERGY ACCUMULATION IN SUPER LONG, USUAL AND SUPER SHORT LINE (BASED ON POETRY MATERIAL OF V. LEKHTSIER AND V. MANGOLD)

Seifert E.I.

Abstract

The article uses the materials of Our Literature section of the BiZ-Bote magazine of ethno cultural education. The author suggests using the term «liminality zone» for the designation of the zone of apparent transition from one plane to another in perception of literary read and the term «liminality effect» for the designation of the result as a consequence of reception of this transition zone. Studying liminality proves efficient in respect of the aspect of super long and super short lines. Repetition on the ground of both super long and super short lines allows accumulating and redistributing creative energy, building up liminality zones and effect, multiplying the amount of interpretations of texts and contexts. In the super long line by V. Lekhtsier both lexical and semantic repetitions are present. Apparentness and – more rarely – polarity of the flanks allow the middle length line to lie inside the super long. It is interesting that while Vitaly Lekhtsier is reading his verses, he ensues to articulate the longest lines (38–42 syllables) in one breath, emphasizing the tension of super long line. This proves that the liminality zone lies exactly at the juncture of verbal and non-verbal, and the text plane remains integral. Vendelin Mangold usually works in the realm of a small text. His favorite practice is creating the liminality effect by combining exalted and prosaic.
W. Mangold’s «pyramid poems» («Pyramiden») are of great interest in terms of liminality [Mangold, Hymne auf den Menschen]. Their literal meaning fades through crescent and/or decrescent phrases/words. Visually, the poem is shaped like a pyramid, and both explicit and implicit (phantom) parts of a word/phrase are in the liminality zone.
That is how the context of love is severed from the context of egoism through decrescent lines: having started with passionate confessions, only «I love» and, finally, «I» remains. Mangold’s «Pyramiden» are characterized by strong or slight paradoxes that create the liminality effect. In case the «pyramid» is first decrescent and then crescent, the liminality effect is created twice: at the apex of the pyramid and in the paradoxical part. Vitaly Lechtzier’s extralong stanza ranges from 12 to 42 syllables. The liminality effect emerges through repeating the left and right parts of the verse. This is where variations are formed.
Lechtzier’s message is overtly political, the author works with imperative forms and disavowed call for «open writing».
Vitaly Lechtzier’s extralong stanza with its anaphoras, imperative forms, syntactic parallelism, repetitions and escalation is similar to Valery Nugatov’s extralong stanza. This affinity did not emerge under direct mutual influence but probably rather through Allen Ginsberg’s poetry, who was of interest to both authors: Nugatov used to translate his poems, and Lechtzier mentioned being interested in Ginsberg’s works. Nugatov also mentioned Ginsberg in his own works. The syntactic construction in Ginsberg’s poems is based on the lyrical «self». The same is true for Nugatov’s poems, however, Lechtzier steps away from the «self» completely. Unlike Nugatov, in his opinion, Lechtzier does not resort to deconstruction in his poetry, but instead endeavors to «do positive work with other people’s words, create variations within them and make them sound like poerty». Nugatov’s works «sound like poetry» in part due to the deconstruction. It is enough to compare some extracts from these three authors’ works.
The study shows that in case of both extralong and extrashort stanza, repetitions help accumulate and redistribute creative energy, creating the liminality effect and liminality zones that increase the number of potential interpretations and contexts.
Vestnik of Samara University. History, pedagogics, philology. 2018;24(1):99-103
pages 99-103 views

ACTUALIZED HISTORY IN THE WORK OF B.K. ZAYTSEV «Venerable SERGIUS of RADONEZH»

Bayana H.

Abstract

In the article the religious prose of Boris Konstantinovich Zaytsev is analyzed. It is considered in the context of Russian medieval religiouse literature that was deeply rethinked by Russian emigrant authors. The themes of Ortodox culture and spirituality were very important for them because they believed that their mission was to preserve the pre-revolutionary Russian culture. The story «Venerable Sergius of Radonezh» which is written by B.K. Zaytsev is included in the well-known trilogy of the author about the life of the saints. So we can compare St. Sergius with others. The image of the Trinity-Saint Sergius Lavra is presented as a sacred center of Russian Orthodox culture and statehood. Following the words of Epiphanius the Wise and preserving the emotional evenness, Zaytsev lends his interpretation to the key episodes from the life of Sergius and Lavra. Saint Sergius is just an example, favorite by the people themselves – clarity, light transparent and equal. St. Sergius left, in his influence on the world, from the historical framework. Having done his job in life, he remained a figure. We saw Sergius as a thoughtful boy, quietly obedient; a young hermit, and hegumen, and the elder famous Sergius. He is a delicate, modest and selfless man at the same time he is a spiritual leader and a significant public person. The description of the high mission of Sergius is combined with the history of the monastic community of the Trinity-Saint Sergius Lavra. Zaytsev demonstrates that the monastery had a significant influence on the Russian medieval society and played an important role in revival of Russian medieval state. The article focuses on the antithesis as one of the compositional techniques of narration. The asceticism of Sergius is shown in the context of the famous ascetics of both Orthodox and Catholic churches.
Vestnik of Samara University. History, pedagogics, philology. 2018;24(1):104-108
pages 104-108 views

BMW DRIVE AND ARD WATCH. EMANCIPATION APPEARANCE IN INITIAL SHORTWORDS

Kutt L.

Abstract

Who knows offhand, that in German ARD stands for Arbeitsgemeinschaft der offentlich-rechtlichen Rundfunkanstalten der Bundesrepublik Deutschland or BAfoG for Bundesausbildungs-forderungsgesetz? Word shortening is a very productive category of word formation and characteristic for professional jargon and both common and specific usage of speech in the 20th  and 21st centuries. Reasons for the quantitative growth of the results of word shortening are first enlargement of words (e. g. compounds) with longer terms and their inefficient functions in the process of communicating. On a second step, these extended terms can be condensed into a new and shortened forms that carry the same meaning as the original forms and benefit some communicative advantages. Furthermore an increase of lexemes with an origin beside the modern German language (e. g. LASER, FAQ) can also be observed.

Short terms, acronyms and initialisms including features of language economy and intransparent morphological structure enable efficient communication and a creative use of language. They can also be used to express familiarity, special purposes and hints at implied social bonds among the people employing them. Because of the difficulties of outgroup members with decoding the semantic content or meaning of shortened forms, they also indicate group affiliation. Depending on the speaker‘s awareness and knowledge of speech, results of shortening processes can sometimes lose their link to the original and be gradually independent and unchangeable with their longer originals. Redundancies and repetitions of morphemes and constituents are common and popular implications.

With some kind of semantic excess or deficit the results of word shortening differ from their former longer terms. This article and its empirical analysis describes current developments of initialisms focusing on frequency in authentic texts and semantic differences between shortened and long terms. Based on a survey, this article shows how initialisms undergo a change of meaning when used in different contexts and modalities and describes causes and consequences.

Vestnik of Samara University. History, pedagogics, philology. 2018;24(1):109-118
pages 109-118 views

CATEGORY OF ADDRESSING IN THE POLEMICAL DISCOURSE (ON THE BASIS OF THE GERMAN LANGUAGE MEDIA)

Udelkina A.I.

Abstract

The article is devoted to the study of the nature of addressing and internal dialogueness nature of polemical texts of the journal articles of the German media. The polemical discourse, considered in the article within the framework of the cognitive-discursive approach, is a multifaceted process of communication, including the text in indissoluble connection with the situational context: together with social and psychological factors, together with communicative-pragmatic and cognitive goals of the author interacting with the addressee. Directivity or addressing is one of the constituent properties of the polemical text. The article justifies the thesis that there is a definite relationship between the targeted orientation of the text and the choice of lexical and syntactic means when creating a message with the aim of better impact on the recipient. As part of the study significant features of the addressing signals, realizing the global polemical strategies of cooperation / confrontation, are revealed. The article analyzes the main linguistic means of expressing the relevance of the polemic strategy (personalization, citation, indirect appeals, rhetorical questions, precedent names); methods are being explored for establishing dialogical relations with the reader’s audience (the phatic tactic, the tactics of focusing the topic, invitations to joint reflection, generalizations). Means of addressing, implicitly or explicitly pointing to the addressee, constitute the category of addressing – a communicative category that performs the task of organizing communication.

Vestnik of Samara University. History, pedagogics, philology. 2018;24(1):119-124
pages 119-124 views

SPECIFIC FEATURES OF SPORT EVENTS REPRESENTATION IN DISCOURSE: BASED ON THE MATERIAL OF ENGLISH FICTIONAL TEXTS

Bezborodnikova E.V.

Abstract

The article deals with the study of specific features of sport events representation in English fictional discourse on the material of the novel «Saturday» by a British writer Ian McEwan. The article combines both a review of the theory on the question of cognitive models and specific features of fiction and sports discourse, and analysis of the text. Within the framework of this particular research models of the author’s sport events representation are analysed with a view to distinguishing their specific discursive dominants. The author of the article considers that such discursive dominants as psychological state of participants, their perception of a site and circumstances of an event are specific to the author’s sport events representation in English fictional discourse. As s result of the conducted research it was discovered that intensification of certain types of discursive dominants is determined by the pragmatic purpose of the author of the text; in this particular case the intention of the author of the fiction text is an effort to exert influence on the reader by portraying the inward life and surroundings of characters and their mutual relations in a detailed and vivid way. The article also considers such feature of the kind of texts under analysis as introspection; in the course of the whole description of the sport event the main character asks himself numerous fundamental questions about his existence. Within the framework of the conducted research the phenomenon of interdiscursivity was studied; in this case it is regarded as a specific feature of dialogic textual interaction between texts belonging to fiction and sports discourse. The result of this interaction is the usage by the author of this fictional text of significant number of lexemes denoting various things relating to squash – a traditional British ball game. The article also deals with the specific linguistic means used by the author with the purpose of influencing the reader.
Vestnik of Samara University. History, pedagogics, philology. 2018;24(1):125-130
pages 125-130 views

KEY CHARACTER IMAGE INTRODUCTION MEANS IN R. DAHL’S CHILDREN’S LITERARY TALE «MATILDA»

Borisova E.B., Kobzeva E.V.

Abstract

The paper deals with the concept of «artistic image» and the means employed by Roald Dahl to introduce key characters’ image in the children’s literary tale «Matilda».
As the research shows, R. Dahl succeeds in giving a detailed portrait of the protagonist in the introductory passages of the tale, which is realized through the main aspects of the character portrayal. Thus, the reader is given information on Mathilda’s appearance, her age, but above these he learns about her intellectual abilities of high order as well as her passion for reading books. The writer depicts a true-to-life image of a lonely girl totally neglected by her parents. However in spite of the misunderstanding between Mathilda and the-grown-ups she turned out to be a unique and smart personality who does her best to realize her ambitions. Besides the above Roald Dahl creates the image of Mathilda as a well-bred, independent girl capable of expressing her own point of view which is revealed through her unwillingness to follow the imposed stereotypes of behavior. The writer skillfully employs the figure of antithesis as a key means of revealing his attitude towards the character. Alongside the above stylistic figure in depicting the most characteristic features of the girl Roald Dahl resorts to variegated epithets which add emotional colouring and vividness to the character portrayal. The research shows that all the mentioned traits of Mathilda’s individual, personality presented by the author in the first chapter are exposed further within the plot developing.
The authors of the present article come to the conclusion that the means of character introduction are the essential part of the overall character image portrayal as they give the reader a good chance to make out what kind of personality the depicted character is and to disclose the author’s individual attitude towards the character.
Vestnik of Samara University. History, pedagogics, philology. 2018;24(1):131-136
pages 131-136 views

Prefixes with THE meaning «circle» in the Russian language

Reznikova E.V.

Abstract

The article deals with means of representation of the concept of «circle» in the Russian language picture of the world and poses a question on incorporating prefixes with the meaning «circle» in these means of representation. Most scientists consider only lexical and phraseological units to be the means of verbalizing the concept, but some concepts (as seen, in the first place are space concepts, geometric concepts) can also be embodied by word-formative formants. Prefixes vokrug-, okolo-, derived on autonomous words with roots -krug- and -kol- (on the prepositions vokrug and okolo, formed from adverbs vokrug and okolo), underived prefixes o- / ob, pri- and foreign language prefix peri-, which is often allocated only etymologically (see the words period, periphery, pericardium, etc.) are analyzed. The relationship with the concept «circle» is most clearly seen in the derivative prefixes vokrug- and okolo-, moreover the following dependence is detected: the less defined this relationship in the corresponding prefix (in particular, the prefix okolo-), the wider its semantics and wider lexeme’s complex, to which it is able to join. Between primitive prefixes the most diverse circular conveys the semantics of the prefix o- / ob-. Prefixes with meaning «circle» embody one of the image-schemes of the concept «circle», namely «the ratio of the center and periphery», which is expressed in terms of meanings «to do something around something» / «to be around something», «to be near something», «to be joined with something» or «to be beside something», «in circumvention of something». Prefix’s meaning «circle» is often supported by word root or a context, but prefixes can express this meaning by combining with other word roots, in other words, can express the circle meaning in standalone mode. So means of representation of the concept «circle» must include prefixes with the same semantics.
Vestnik of Samara University. History, pedagogics, philology. 2018;24(1):137-141
pages 137-141 views

THE USE OF ACTIVE AND INTERACTIVE TEACHING METHODS IN THE STUDY OF SCIENTIFIC STYLE OF THE RUSSIAN LANGUAGE BY STUDENTS OF TECHNICAL SPECIALTIES AND TRAINING AREAS

Mareva M.V.

Abstract

The article is devoted to the problems of teaching humanitarian disciplines to students studying in technical specialties and training areas. It gives recommendations on how to use the active and interactive teaching methods to make the process of mastering the scientific style of the Russian language more effective, as well as relevant and interesting for students. The value of this work is due to a number of factors. First, the use of active forms of training in classes in subjects with conservative content presents a certain difficulty. Secondly, students of technical specialties and training areas, mastering the scientific style in the first year, do not always realize the value of the acquired knowledge in solving compulsory teaching problems and their conjugation with self-development and professional growth. Third, the severity of book styles is psychologically alien to them. The purpose of this work is to overcome the typical for the traditional teaching system of stylistics of reproductive forms of education, in which the student is assigned a passive role.
According to the author of the article, the study of the designated section of the discipline «The Russian Language and the Culture of Speech» should be based on such principles as practical orientation of teaching, encouragement of equal interaction between all participants in the educational process, and increased emotional involvement of students.
The paper considers the possibilities of using the following methods of active and interactive learning: solving problem problems, mutual learning, discussion, competition, role play, training; specific examples of their use are given. These methods are presented in accordance with the stages of mastering the educational material. So, the expediency of addressing to methods of problem training during initial acquaintance with the material is grounded. At the second stage – the stage of comprehension – it is important to introduce the elements of the game. At the stage of consolidation of the received knowledge, the methods of mutual learning are effective, the organization of competition in the performance of standard exercises, games. The article reflects the scenarios of games «Translation Bureau» and «Linguistic crocodile», which contribute to replenishment of the vocabulary of students with general scientific and terminological vocabulary and the derivation of this lexical layer from the passive vocabulary. At the stage of mastering the material for the application of the skills of a full critical analysis of the scientific text, it is recommended to organize role games, discussions, trainings (themes, ideas and scenarios are presented).
According to the author of the article, the described approach to the study of this section of stylistics is broader than the traditional one and corresponds to the current demands of the society for literate and promising young scientists.
Vestnik of Samara University. History, pedagogics, philology. 2018;24(1):142-148
pages 142-148 views

METAPHORICAL IMAGE OF PLAY A musical instrument in THE LIGHT OF STRUCTURAL TYPOLOGY OF CONCEPTS

Meshchanova N.G.

Abstract

The article is devoted to the consideration of the metaphorical image of play a musical instrument in its relation to the structural types of concepts. The proposition is one of the main principles of the deployment of the image. It presupposes the reflection of the typical scheme of play a musical instrument in these metaphors. Typical scheme of play a musical instrument consists of such components as the playing subject, his actions (the play), the instrument and the perceiving subject. The words which name these components are the representatives of the image of play a musical instrument. Comprehension of the role of each component in the typical scheme determines the direction of the semantic development of the image. The image can also be represented as the script and the frame. When the temporary aspect of the deployment of the proposition is actualized, the image realizes the potentialities of the script. When the proposition is presented in the aspect of relation of the whole and its parts, this image can be considered as the frame. The image of play a musical instrument is correlated with the represent, because these metaphors contain information received by the senses. In this case the emphasis from the typical scheme shifts toward his visual or auditive perception. Describing abstract phenomena, these metaphors combine different types of conceptualized information about the object and correspond to the gestalt. In these contexts the understanding of the propositional scheme of the process, its development in time, visual and auditory perception, etc., are important for the formation of the image. So, the image of play a musical instrument can be correlated with various structural types of concepts. And it confirms the ability of the metaphorical image-concept to differently reflection of information on the meaningful denotate.
Vestnik of Samara University. History, pedagogics, philology. 2018;24(1):149-153
pages 149-153 views

Book Reviews

TRUE STORY OF «POOR, POOR» PAVEL

Zhurcheva O.V.

Abstract

Review on the multi-authored monograph «Play by D.S. Merezhkovsky «Pavel I»: contexts, intertexts, metatexts», published in Nosov Magnitogorsk State Technical University is devoted to the discussion of historiosophical concept of D.S. Merezhkovsky, embodied in the play «Pavel I». It is noted that in monograph some promising approaches to the activity of a writer such as: sycretic approach to the investigation of a literary work; search of reasonable balance of documental (historical, original) and fictional principle in the play by D.S. Merezhkovsky; wide historical, philosophical, literary, sociocultural context of an investigated work are viewed.
Vestnik of Samara University. History, pedagogics, philology. 2018;24(1):154-155
pages 154-155 views

REVIEW ON THE COLLECTION OF ARTICLES: TENTH ALL-RUSSIAN LOCAL HISTORY READINGS

Dubman E.L., Kabytov P.S.

Abstract

In the review, an analysis of subjects and problems of articles published in the collection of Tenth All-Russian Local Lore Readings was made. It is concluded that the materials placed in it reflect the tendencies of modern period (2007–2016) of the work of the Union of Local lore History Studies of Russia aimed at the unification of regional local lore organizations and coordination of their activities, the formation of a single all-Russian study of local lore.
Vestnik of Samara University. History, pedagogics, philology. 2018;24(1):156-160
pages 156-160 views

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